今日導(dǎo)讀
蘋果、谷歌、微軟、亞馬遜、臉書等影響世界的科技巨頭都來自美國，長期以來，美國在科技領(lǐng)域一直保持著霸主地位。但是自 2017 年以來，特朗普政府不停嘗試削減科研經(jīng)費(fèi)，導(dǎo)致人心惶惶，人才流失。與之形成鮮明對比的是中國學(xué)術(shù)界和業(yè)界對科技的重視：近年來中國不斷加大科研經(jīng)費(fèi)投入，特別是在 5G 和人工智能領(lǐng)域，取得了非常喜人的成果。對于現(xiàn)在的情況，美國人是否有被中國趕超的危機(jī)感呢？今天就讓我們跟著雪梨老師來看看彭博社的這篇新聞。
新聞原文
In tech race with China, US universities may lose a vital edge
The U.S. is still out in front of global rivals when it comes to innovation, but American universities—where new ideas often percolate—have reason to look over their shoulder.
That's especially true for technologies like 5G phone networks and artificial intelligence. They're exactly the fields where President Donald Trump recently insisted the U.S. has to lead—and also the ones where Asia, especially China, has caught up.
Universities from China get more patents than their U.S. peers in wireless communications, according to research firm GreyB Services. In AI, 17 of the top 20 universities and public research organizations are in China, with the Chinese Academy of Sciences topping the list, says the World Intellectual Property Organization in Geneva.
There's a special place for universities in the ecosystem of research. Universities groom future scientists and can be incubators for pie-in-the-sky ideas—some of which turn out to be game-changers. The list ranges from Google's search engine to DNA technology that's behind a whole industry of gene-manipulating treatments.
However, government grants to universities have been stagnant for more than a decade, meaning they've declined in real terms and as a share of the economy.
"If you look at the federal dollars, they've not really changed substantially, '' says Stephen Susalka, head of AUTM, a technology transfer association whose members include 800 universities. "Other countries are catching up. We can't sit on our laurels.''
帶著問題看翻譯
“專利”用英文怎么說？
美國總統(tǒng)特朗普指出，在哪兩個(gè)領(lǐng)域，美國必須始終保持領(lǐng)先姿態(tài)？
如何用英文形容“不思進(jìn)取”？
正文【譯】
In tech race with China, U.S. universities may lose a vital edge
在與中國的科技競賽中，美國大學(xué)或失去關(guān)鍵優(yōu)勢
The U.S. is still out in front of global rivals when it comes to innovation, but American universities—where new ideas often percolate—have reason to lookover their shoulder.
論技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，美國仍然在全球遙遙領(lǐng)先。然而，美國的大學(xué)院校，作為傳播創(chuàng)新思想的重要媒介，如今卻有必要感到警惕。
That's especially true for technologies like 5G phone networks and artificial intelligence. They're exactly the fields where President Donald Trump recently insisted the U.S. has to lead—and also the ones where Asia, especially China, has caught up.
尤其在 5G 電話網(wǎng)絡(luò)和人工智能等科技領(lǐng)域，壓力更是不小。美國總統(tǒng)特朗普近來強(qiáng)調(diào)，在這兩個(gè)領(lǐng)域，美國必須始終保持領(lǐng)先姿態(tài)。然而，也正是在這兩個(gè)領(lǐng)域，亞洲各國，尤其是中國，已經(jīng)迎頭趕上。
Universities from China get more patents than their U.S. peers in wireless communications, according to research firm GreyB Services. In AI, 17 of the top 20 universities and public research organizations are in China, with the Chinese Academy of Sciences topping the list, says the World Intellectual Property Organization in Geneva.
科研服務(wù)公司 GreyB Services 的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，在無線通訊領(lǐng)域，中國大學(xué)院校獲得的專利數(shù)量已超過了美國大學(xué)。同時(shí)，總部位于日內(nèi)瓦的世界知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)組織表示，在 AI 領(lǐng)域，申請專利最多的 20 所大學(xué)院校和公共研究機(jī)構(gòu)中，有 17 所設(shè)在中國，其中，中國科學(xué)院位居榜首。
There's a special place for universities in the ecosystem of research. Universities groom future scientists and can be incubatorsfor pie-in-the-sky ideas—some of which turn out to be game-changers. The list ranges from Google's search engine to DNA technology that's behind a whole industry of gene-manipulatingtreatments.
大學(xué)在科研生態(tài)系統(tǒng)占據(jù)了特殊地位。大學(xué)培養(yǎng)未來的科學(xué)家，也是很多“異想天開”想法的孵化器——其中一些想法最終改變了行業(yè)的格局，包括谷歌的搜索引擎和 DNA 技術(shù)，后者促成了基因編輯治療這一整個(gè)行業(yè)的誕生。
However, government grants to universities have been stagnant for more than a decade, meaning they've declined in real terms and as a share of the economy.
然而，政府給大學(xué)的撥款金額已經(jīng)十多年不見增加，這就意味著，在通貨膨脹下，實(shí)際撥款在減少，在經(jīng)濟(jì)中的占比也有所下降。
"If you look at the federal dollars, they've not really changed substantially,'' says Stephen Susalka, head of AUTM, a technology transfer association whose members include 800 universities. "Other countries are catching up. We can't sit on our laurels.''
美國大學(xué)技術(shù)經(jīng)理人協(xié)會(huì)（AUTM）是一家負(fù)責(zé)技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)移的組織，其成員包括 800 所大學(xué)。協(xié)會(huì)負(fù)責(zé)人斯蒂芬·蘇薩爾卡表示，“看看聯(lián)邦政府的撥款，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)基本上沒有太大變化。其他國家正在迎頭趕上，我們不能安于現(xiàn)狀。”
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