本文我們主要是為了理解類的相關(guān)信息是如何加載到內(nèi)存中,可以重點關(guān)注map_images和load_images
-
map_images:管理文件和動態(tài)庫中所有的符號,即class、protocol、selector、category等,是應(yīng)用類型,外界變了,跟著變 -
load_images:加載執(zhí)行load方法,是值類型,不傳遞值
代碼通過編譯,讀取到Mach-O可執(zhí)行文件中,再從Mach-O中讀取到內(nèi)存,如下圖所示

map_images:加載鏡像文件到內(nèi)存
map_images源碼流程
map_images方法的主要作用是將Mach-O中的類信息加載到內(nèi)存
- map_images源碼
void
map_images(unsigned count, const char * const paths[],
const struct mach_header * const mhdrs[])
{
mutex_locker_t lock(runtimeLock);
return map_images_nolock(count, paths, mhdrs);
}
- 進入
map_images_nolock源碼,關(guān)鍵代碼_read_images
void
map_images_nolock(unsigned mhCount, const char * const mhPaths[],
const struct mach_header * const mhdrs[])
{
//...省略
// Find all images with Objective-C metadata.查找所有帶有Objective-C元數(shù)據(jù)的映像
hCount = 0;
// Count classes. Size various table based on the total.計算類的個數(shù)
int totalClasses = 0;
int unoptimizedTotalClasses = 0;
//代碼塊:作用域,進行局部處理,即局部處理一些事件
{
//...省略
}
//...省略
if (hCount > 0) {
//加載鏡像文件
_read_images(hList, hCount, totalClasses, unoptimizedTotalClasses);
}
firstTime = NO;
// Call image load funcs after everything is set up.一切設(shè)置完成后,調(diào)用鏡像加載功能。
for (auto func : loadImageFuncs) {
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < mhCount; i++) {
func(mhdrs[i]);
}
}
}
_read_images源碼實現(xiàn)
_read_images主要是加載類信息,即類、分類、協(xié)議等,主要分為以下幾個部分
- 1、條件控制進行的一次加載
- 2、修復(fù)預(yù)編譯階段的@selector混亂問題
- 3、錯誤混亂的類處理
- 4、修復(fù)和重映射一些沒有被鏡像文件加載進來的類
- 5、修復(fù)一些消息
- 6、當(dāng)類里面有協(xié)議時:readProtocol讀取協(xié)議
- 7、修復(fù)沒有被加載的協(xié)議
- 8、分類處理
- 9、類的加載處理
- 10、沒有被處理的類,優(yōu)化被侵犯的類
1、條件控制進行的一次加載
在doneOnce流程中通過NXCreateMapTable創(chuàng)建一張類的哈希表 gdb_objc_realized_classes存放類信息,目的是為了類查找方便快捷
if (!doneOnce) {
//...省略
// namedClasses
// Preoptimized classes don't go in this table.
// 4/3 is NXMapTable's load factor
int namedClassesSize =
(isPreoptimized() ? unoptimizedTotalClasses : totalClasses) * 4 / 3;
//創(chuàng)建表(哈希表key-value),目的是查找快
gdb_objc_realized_classes =
NXCreateMapTable(NXStrValueMapPrototype, namedClassesSize);
ts.log("IMAGE TIMES: first time tasks");
}
gdb_objc_realized_classes的注釋說明,這個哈希表用于存儲不在共享緩存且已命名類,無論類是否實現(xiàn),其容量是類數(shù)量的4/3
// This is a misnomer: gdb_objc_realized_classes is actually a list of
// named classes not in the dyld shared cache, whether realized or not.
//gdb_objc_realized_classes實際上是不在dyld共享緩存中的已命名類的列表,無論是否實現(xiàn)
NXMapTable *gdb_objc_realized_classes; // exported for debuggers in objc-gdb.h
2、修復(fù)預(yù)編譯階段@selector的混亂問題
主要是通過_getObjc2SelectorRefs拿到Mach_O中的靜態(tài)段__objc_selrefs,遍歷列表,調(diào)用sel_registerNameNoLock將SEL添加到namedSelectors哈希表中
// Fix up @selector references 修復(fù)@selector引用
//sel 不是簡單的字符串,而是帶地址的字符串
static size_t UnfixedSelectors;
{
mutex_locker_t lock(selLock);
for (EACH_HEADER) {
if (hi->hasPreoptimizedSelectors()) continue;
bool isBundle = hi->isBundle();
//通過_getObjc2SelectorRefs拿到Mach-O中的靜態(tài)段__objc_selrefs
SEL *sels = _getObjc2SelectorRefs(hi, &count);
UnfixedSelectors += count;
for (i = 0; i < count; i++) { //列表遍歷
const char *name = sel_cname(sels[i]);
//注冊sel操作,即將sel添加到
SEL sel = sel_registerNameNoLock(name, isBundle);
if (sels[i] != sel) {//當(dāng)sel與sels[i]地址不一致時,需要調(diào)整為一致的
sels[i] = sel;
}
}
}
}
- 其中
_getObjc2SelectorRefs源碼如下,獲取Mach-O中的靜態(tài)段__objc_selrefs,通過_getObjc2開頭的Mach-O靜態(tài)段獲取,對應(yīng)不同的section name
// function name content type section name
GETSECT(_getObjc2SelectorRefs, SEL, "__objc_selrefs");
GETSECT(_getObjc2MessageRefs, message_ref_t, "__objc_msgrefs");
GETSECT(_getObjc2ClassRefs, Class, "__objc_classrefs");
GETSECT(_getObjc2SuperRefs, Class, "__objc_superrefs");
GETSECT(_getObjc2ClassList, classref_t const, "__objc_classlist");
GETSECT(_getObjc2NonlazyClassList, classref_t const, "__objc_nlclslist");
GETSECT(_getObjc2CategoryList, category_t * const, "__objc_catlist");
GETSECT(_getObjc2CategoryList2, category_t * const, "__objc_catlist2");
GETSECT(_getObjc2NonlazyCategoryList, category_t * const, "__objc_nlcatlist");
GETSECT(_getObjc2ProtocolList, protocol_t * const, "__objc_protolist");
GETSECT(_getObjc2ProtocolRefs, protocol_t *, "__objc_protorefs");
GETSECT(getLibobjcInitializers, UnsignedInitializer, "__objc_init_func");
-
sel_registerNameNoLock源碼路徑如下sel_registerNameNoLock -> __sel_registerName,如下所示,其關(guān)鍵代碼是auto it = namedSelectors.get().insert(name);,即將sel插入namedSelectors哈希表
SEL sel_registerNameNoLock(const char *name, bool copy) {
return __sel_registerName(name, 0, copy); // NO lock, maybe copy
}
??
static SEL __sel_registerName(const char *name, bool shouldLock, bool copy)
{
SEL result = 0;
if (shouldLock) selLock.assertUnlocked();
else selLock.assertLocked();
if (!name) return (SEL)0;
result = search_builtins(name);
if (result) return result;
conditional_mutex_locker_t lock(selLock, shouldLock);
auto it = namedSelectors.get().insert(name);//sel插入表
if (it.second) {
// No match. Insert.
*it.first = (const char *)sel_alloc(name, copy);
}
return (SEL)*it.first;
}
- 其中
selector --> sel是帶地址的字符串
如下所示,sels[i]與sel字符串一致,但是地址不一樣,所以需要調(diào)整為一致sel
3、錯誤混亂的類處理
從Mach-O中取出所以類,遍歷處理
//3、錯誤混亂的類處理
// Discover classes. Fix up unresolved future classes. Mark bundle classes.
bool hasDyldRoots = dyld_shared_cache_some_image_overridden();
//讀取類:readClass
for (EACH_HEADER) {
if (! mustReadClasses(hi, hasDyldRoots)) {
// Image is sufficiently optimized that we need not call readClass()
continue;
}
//從編譯后的類列表中取出所有類,即從Mach-O中獲取靜態(tài)段__objc_classlist,是一個classref_t類型的指針
classref_t const *classlist = _getObjc2ClassList(hi, &count);
bool headerIsBundle = hi->isBundle();
bool headerIsPreoptimized = hi->hasPreoptimizedClasses();
for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
Class cls = (Class)classlist[i];//此時獲取的cls只是一個地址
Class newCls = readClass(cls, headerIsBundle, headerIsPreoptimized); //讀取類,經(jīng)過這步后,cls獲取的值才是一個名字
//經(jīng)過調(diào)試,并未執(zhí)行if里面的流程
//初始化所有懶加載的類需要的內(nèi)存空間,但是懶加載類的數(shù)據(jù)現(xiàn)在是沒有加載到的,連類都沒有初始化
if (newCls != cls && newCls) {
// Class was moved but not deleted. Currently this occurs
// only when the new class resolved a future class.
// Non-lazily realize the class below.
//將懶加載的類添加到數(shù)組中
resolvedFutureClasses = (Class *)
realloc(resolvedFutureClasses,
(resolvedFutureClassCount+1) * sizeof(Class));
resolvedFutureClasses[resolvedFutureClassCount++] = newCls;
}
}
}
ts.log("IMAGE TIMES: discover classes");
- 通過代碼調(diào)試,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)在未執(zhí)行
readClass方法前,cls只是一個地址
打印readClass執(zhí)行前的cls - 執(zhí)行后,
cls是一個類的名稱
所以到這步為止,類的信息目前僅存儲了地址+名稱
4、重映射沒有被鏡像文件加載進來的類
將未映射的Class和Super Class進行重新映射
_getObjc2ClassRefs獲取Mach-O中的靜態(tài)段__objc_classrefs,類的引用_getObjc2SuperRefs獲取Mach-O中的靜態(tài)段__objc_superrefs,父類的引用通過注釋可知,被
remapClassRef的類都是懶加載的類,所以最初調(diào)試時,這部分代碼沒有被執(zhí)行
//4、修復(fù)重映射一些沒有被鏡像文件加載進來的類
// Fix up remapped classes 修正重新映射的類
// Class list and nonlazy class list remain unremapped.類列表和非惰性類列表保持未映射
// Class refs and super refs are remapped for message dispatching.類引用和超級引用將重新映射以進行消息分發(fā)
//經(jīng)過調(diào)試,并未執(zhí)行if里面的流程
//將未映射的Class 和 Super Class重映射,被remap的類都是懶加載的類
if (!noClassesRemapped()) {
for (EACH_HEADER) {
Class *classrefs = _getObjc2ClassRefs(hi, &count);//Mach-O的靜態(tài)段 __objc_classrefs
for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
remapClassRef(&classrefs[i]);
}
// fixme why doesn't test future1 catch the absence of this?
classrefs = _getObjc2SuperRefs(hi, &count);//Mach_O中的靜態(tài)段 __objc_superrefs
for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
remapClassRef(&classrefs[i]);
}
}
}
ts.log("IMAGE TIMES: remap classes");
5、修復(fù)一些消息
通過_getObjc2MessageRefs獲取Mach-O的靜態(tài)段__objc_msgrefs,遍歷,通過fixupMessageRef將函數(shù)指針進行注冊,并fix為新的函數(shù)指針
#if SUPPORT_FIXUP
//5、修復(fù)一些消息
// Fix up old objc_msgSend_fixup call sites
for (EACH_HEADER) {
// _getObjc2MessageRefs 獲取Mach-O的靜態(tài)段 __objc_msgrefs
message_ref_t *refs = _getObjc2MessageRefs(hi, &count);
if (count == 0) continue;
if (PrintVtables) {
_objc_inform("VTABLES: repairing %zu unsupported vtable dispatch "
"call sites in %s", count, hi->fname());
}
//經(jīng)過調(diào)試,并未執(zhí)行for里面的流程
//遍歷將函數(shù)指針進行注冊,并fix為新的函數(shù)指針
for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
fixupMessageRef(refs+i);
}
}
ts.log("IMAGE TIMES: fix up objc_msgSend_fixup");
#endif
6、當(dāng)類里面有協(xié)議時:readProtocol讀取協(xié)議
//6、當(dāng)類里面有協(xié)議時:readProtocol 讀取協(xié)議
// Discover protocols. Fix up protocol refs. 發(fā)現(xiàn)協(xié)議。修正協(xié)議參考
//遍歷所有協(xié)議列表,并且將協(xié)議列表加載到Protocol的哈希表中
for (EACH_HEADER) {
extern objc_class OBJC_CLASS_$_Protocol;
//cls = Protocol類,所有協(xié)議和對象的結(jié)構(gòu)體都類似,isa都對應(yīng)Protocol類
Class cls = (Class)&OBJC_CLASS_$_Protocol;
ASSERT(cls);
//獲取protocol哈希表 -- protocol_map
NXMapTable *protocol_map = protocols();
bool isPreoptimized = hi->hasPreoptimizedProtocols();
// Skip reading protocols if this is an image from the shared cache
// and we support roots
// Note, after launch we do need to walk the protocol as the protocol
// in the shared cache is marked with isCanonical() and that may not
// be true if some non-shared cache binary was chosen as the canonical
// definition
if (launchTime && isPreoptimized && cacheSupportsProtocolRoots) {
if (PrintProtocols) {
_objc_inform("PROTOCOLS: Skipping reading protocols in image: %s",
hi->fname());
}
continue;
}
bool isBundle = hi->isBundle();
//通過_getObjc2ProtocolList 獲取到Mach-O中的靜態(tài)段__objc_protolist協(xié)議列表,
//即從編譯器中讀取并初始化protocol
protocol_t * const *protolist = _getObjc2ProtocolList(hi, &count);
for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
//通過添加protocol到protocol_map哈希表中
readProtocol(protolist[i], cls, protocol_map,
isPreoptimized, isBundle);
}
}
ts.log("IMAGE TIMES: discover protocols");
- 通過
NXMapTable *protocol_map = protocols();創(chuàng)建Protocol哈希表,表的名稱為protocol_map
/***********************************************************************
* protocols
* Returns the protocol name => protocol map for protocols.
* Locking: runtimeLock must read- or write-locked by the caller
**********************************************************************/
static NXMapTable *protocols(void)
{
static NXMapTable *protocol_map = nil;
runtimeLock.assertLocked();
INIT_ONCE_PTR(protocol_map,
NXCreateMapTable(NXStrValueMapPrototype, 16),
NXFreeMapTable(v) );
return protocol_map;
}
- 通過
_getObjc2ProtocolList獲取到Mach-O中的靜態(tài)段__objc_protolist協(xié)議列表,即從編譯器中讀取并初始化protocol
protocol_t * const *protolist = _getObjc2ProtocolList(hi, &count);
- 循環(huán)遍歷協(xié)議列表,通過
readProtocol方法將協(xié)議添加到protocol_map哈希表
readProtocol(protolist[i], cls, protocol_map,
isPreoptimized, isBundle);
7、修復(fù)沒有被加載的協(xié)議
主要是通過 _getObjc2ProtocolRefs 獲取到Mach-O的靜態(tài)段__objc_protorefs(與6中的__objc_protolist并不是同一個東西),然后遍歷需要修復(fù)的協(xié)議,通過remapProtocolRef比較當(dāng)前協(xié)議和協(xié)議列表中的同一個內(nèi)存地址的協(xié)議是否相同,如果不同則替換
//7、修復(fù)沒有被加載的協(xié)議
// Fix up @protocol references
// Preoptimized images may have the right
// answer already but we don't know for sure.
for (EACH_HEADER) {
// At launch time, we know preoptimized image refs are pointing at the
// shared cache definition of a protocol. We can skip the check on
// launch, but have to visit @protocol refs for shared cache images
// loaded later.
if (launchTime && cacheSupportsProtocolRoots && hi->isPreoptimized())
continue;
//_getObjc2ProtocolRefs 獲取到Mach-O的靜態(tài)段 __objc_protorefs
protocol_t **protolist = _getObjc2ProtocolRefs(hi, &count);
for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {//遍歷
//比較當(dāng)前協(xié)議和協(xié)議列表中的同一個內(nèi)存地址的協(xié)議是否相同,如果不同則替換
remapProtocolRef(&protolist[i]);//經(jīng)過代碼調(diào)試,并未執(zhí)行
}
}
ts.log("IMAGE TIMES: fix up @protocol references");
- 其中
remapProtocolRef的源碼實現(xiàn)如下
/***********************************************************************
* remapProtocolRef
* Fix up a protocol ref, in case the protocol referenced has been reallocated.
* Locking: runtimeLock must be read- or write-locked by the caller
**********************************************************************/
static size_t UnfixedProtocolReferences;
static void remapProtocolRef(protocol_t **protoref)
{
runtimeLock.assertLocked();
//獲取協(xié)議列表中統(tǒng)一內(nèi)存地址的協(xié)議
protocol_t *newproto = remapProtocol((protocol_ref_t)*protoref);
if (*protoref != newproto) {//如果當(dāng)前協(xié)議 與 同一內(nèi)存地址協(xié)議不同,則替換
*protoref = newproto;
UnfixedProtocolReferences++;
}
}
8、分類的處理
分類的處理需要在分類初始化并將數(shù)據(jù)加載到類后才執(zhí)行,對于運行時出現(xiàn)的分類,將分類的發(fā)現(xiàn)推遲推遲到對_dyld_objc_notify_register的調(diào)用完成后的第一個load_images調(diào)用為止
//8、分類處理
// Discover categories. Only do this after the initial category 發(fā)現(xiàn)分類
// attachment has been done. For categories present at startup,
// discovery is deferred until the first load_images call after
// the call to _dyld_objc_notify_register completes. rdar://problem/53119145
if (didInitialAttachCategories) {
for (EACH_HEADER) {
load_categories_nolock(hi);
}
}
ts.log("IMAGE TIMES: discover categories");
9、類的加載處理
實現(xiàn)非懶加載類的加載處理
- 通過
_getObjc2NonlazyClassList獲取Mach-O的靜態(tài)段__objc_nlclslist非懶加載類表 - 通過
addClassTableEntry將非懶加載類插入類表,存儲到內(nèi)存,如果已經(jīng)添加就不會載添加,需要確保整個結(jié)構(gòu)都被添加 - 通過
realizeClassWithoutSwift實現(xiàn)當(dāng)前的類,因為前面3中的readClass讀取到內(nèi)存的僅僅只有地址+名稱,類的data數(shù)據(jù)并沒有加載出來
// Realize non-lazy classes (for +load methods and static instances) 初始化非懶加載類,進行rw、ro等操作:realizeClassWithoutSwift
//懶加載類 -- 別人不動我,我就不動
//實現(xiàn)非懶加載的類,對于load方法和靜態(tài)實例變量
for (EACH_HEADER) {
//通過_getObjc2NonlazyClassList獲取Mach-O的靜態(tài)段__objc_nlclslist非懶加載類表
classref_t const *classlist =
_getObjc2NonlazyClassList(hi, &count);
for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
Class cls = remapClass(classlist[i]);
const char *mangledName = cls->mangledName();
const char *LGPersonName = "LGPerson";
if (strcmp(mangledName, LGPersonName) == 0) {
auto kc_ro = (const class_ro_t *)cls->data();
printf("_getObjc2NonlazyClassList: 這個是我要研究的 %s \n",LGPersonName);
}
if (!cls) continue;
addClassTableEntry(cls);//插入表,但是前面已經(jīng)插入過了,所以不會重新插入
if (cls->isSwiftStable()) {
if (cls->swiftMetadataInitializer()) {
_objc_fatal("Swift class %s with a metadata initializer "
"is not allowed to be non-lazy",
cls->nameForLogging());
}
// fixme also disallow relocatable classes
// We can't disallow all Swift classes because of
// classes like Swift.__EmptyArrayStorage
}
//實現(xiàn)當(dāng)前的類,因為前面readClass讀取到內(nèi)存的僅僅只有地址+名稱,類的data數(shù)據(jù)并沒有加載出來
//實現(xiàn)所有非懶加載的類(實例化類對象的一些信息,例如rw)
realizeClassWithoutSwift(cls, nil);
}
}
ts.log("IMAGE TIMES: realize non-lazy classes");
10、沒有被處理的類,優(yōu)化那些被侵犯的類
實現(xiàn)沒有被處理的類,優(yōu)化被侵犯的類
需要重點關(guān)注的是3中的readClass以及9中realizeClassWithoutSwift兩個方法
// Realize newly-resolved future classes, in case CF manipulates them
if (resolvedFutureClasses) {
for (i = 0; i < resolvedFutureClassCount; i++) {
Class cls = resolvedFutureClasses[i];
if (cls->isSwiftStable()) {
_objc_fatal("Swift class is not allowed to be future");
}
//實現(xiàn)類
realizeClassWithoutSwift(cls, nil);
cls->setInstancesRequireRawIsaRecursively(false/*inherited*/);
}
free(resolvedFutureClasses);
}
ts.log("IMAGE TIMES: realize future classes");
if (DebugNonFragileIvars) {
//實現(xiàn)所有類
realizeAllClasses();
}
readClass:讀取類
readClass主要是讀取類,在未調(diào)用該方法前,cls只是一個地址,執(zhí)行該方法后,cls是類的名稱,其源碼實現(xiàn)如下,關(guān)鍵代碼是addNamedClass和addClassTableEntry,源碼實現(xiàn)如下
/***********************************************************************
* readClass
* Read a class and metaclass as written by a compiler. 讀取編譯器編寫的類和元類
* Returns the new class pointer. This could be: 返回新的類指針,可能是:
* - cls
* - nil (cls has a missing weak-linked superclass)
* - something else (space for this class was reserved by a future class)
*
* Note that all work performed by this function is preflighted by
* mustReadClasses(). Do not change this function without updating that one.
*
* Locking: runtimeLock acquired by map_images or objc_readClassPair
**********************************************************************/
Class readClass(Class cls, bool headerIsBundle, bool headerIsPreoptimized)
{
const char *mangledName = cls->mangledName();//名字
// **CJL寫的** ----如果想進入自定義,自己加一個判斷
const char *LGPersonName = "LGPerson";
if (strcmp(mangledName, LGPersonName) == 0) {
auto kc_ro = (const class_ro_t *)cls->data();
printf("%s -- 研究重點--%s\n", __func__,mangledName);
}
//當(dāng)前類的父類中若有丟失的weak-linked類,則返回nil
if (missingWeakSuperclass(cls)) {
// No superclass (probably weak-linked).
// Disavow any knowledge of this subclass.
if (PrintConnecting) {
_objc_inform("CLASS: IGNORING class '%s' with "
"missing weak-linked superclass",
cls->nameForLogging());
}
addRemappedClass(cls, nil);
cls->superclass = nil;
return nil;
}
cls->fixupBackwardDeployingStableSwift();
//判斷是不是后期要處理的類
//正常情況下,不會走到popFutureNamedClass,因為這是專門針對未來待處理的類的操作
//通過斷點調(diào)試,不會走到if流程里面,因此也不會對ro、rw進行操作
Class replacing = nil;
if (Class newCls = popFutureNamedClass(mangledName)) {
// This name was previously allocated as a future class.
// Copy objc_class to future class's struct.
// Preserve future's rw data block.
if (newCls->isAnySwift()) {
_objc_fatal("Can't complete future class request for '%s' "
"because the real class is too big.",
cls->nameForLogging());
}
//讀取class的data,設(shè)置ro、rw
//經(jīng)過調(diào)試,并不會走到這里
class_rw_t *rw = newCls->data();
const class_ro_t *old_ro = rw->ro();
memcpy(newCls, cls, sizeof(objc_class));
rw->set_ro((class_ro_t *)newCls->data());
newCls->setData(rw);
freeIfMutable((char *)old_ro->name);
free((void *)old_ro);
addRemappedClass(cls, newCls);
replacing = cls;
cls = newCls;
}
//判斷是否類是否已經(jīng)加載到內(nèi)存
if (headerIsPreoptimized && !replacing) {
// class list built in shared cache
// fixme strict assert doesn't work because of duplicates
// ASSERT(cls == getClass(name));
ASSERT(getClassExceptSomeSwift(mangledName));
} else {
addNamedClass(cls, mangledName, replacing);//加載共享緩存中的類
addClassTableEntry(cls);//插入表,即相當(dāng)于從mach-O文件 讀取到 內(nèi)存 中
}
// for future reference: shared cache never contains MH_BUNDLEs
if (headerIsBundle) {
cls->data()->flags |= RO_FROM_BUNDLE;
cls->ISA()->data()->flags |= RO_FROM_BUNDLE;
}
return cls;
}
- 通過
mangledName獲取類的名字,其中mangledName方法的源碼實現(xiàn)如下
const char *mangledName() {
// fixme can't assert locks here
ASSERT(this);
if (isRealized() || isFuture()) { //這個初始化判斷在lookupImp也有類似的
return data()->ro()->name;//如果已經(jīng)實例化,則從ro中獲取name
} else {
return ((const class_ro_t *)data())->name;//反之,從mach-O的數(shù)據(jù)data中獲取name
}
}
- 當(dāng)前類的父類中若有丟失的
weak-linked類,則返回nil - 判斷是不是需要后期處理的類,在正常情況下,不會走到
popFutureNamedClass,因為這是專門針對未來待處理的類的操作,也可以通過斷點調(diào)試,可知不會走到if流程里面,因此也不會有ro、rw操作-
data是mach-O的數(shù)據(jù),并不在class的內(nèi)存中 -
ro的賦值是從mach-O中的data強轉(zhuǎn)賦值的 -
rw里的ro是從ro復(fù)制過去的
-
- 通過
addNamedClass將當(dāng)前類添加到已經(jīng)創(chuàng)建好的gdb_objc_realized_classes哈希表,該表用于存放所有類
/***********************************************************************
* addNamedClass 加載共享緩存中的類 插入表
* Adds name => cls to the named non-meta class map. 將name=> cls添加到命名的非元類映射
* Warns about duplicate class names and keeps the old mapping.
* Locking: runtimeLock must be held by the caller
**********************************************************************/
static void addNamedClass(Class cls, const char *name, Class replacing = nil)
{
runtimeLock.assertLocked();
Class old;
if ((old = getClassExceptSomeSwift(name)) && old != replacing) {
inform_duplicate(name, old, cls);
// getMaybeUnrealizedNonMetaClass uses name lookups.
// Classes not found by name lookup must be in the
// secondary meta->nonmeta table.
addNonMetaClass(cls);
} else {
//添加到gdb_objc_realized_classes哈希表
NXMapInsert(gdb_objc_realized_classes, name, cls);
}
ASSERT(!(cls->data()->flags & RO_META));
// wrong: constructed classes are already realized when they get here
// ASSERT(!cls->isRealized());
}
- 通過
addClassTableEntry,將初始化的類添加到allocatedClasses表,是在_objc_init中的runtime_init就創(chuàng)建了allocatedClasses表
/***********************************************************************
* addClassTableEntry 將一個類添加到所有類的表中
* Add a class to the table of all classes. If addMeta is true,
* automatically adds the metaclass of the class as well.
* Locking: runtimeLock must be held by the caller.
**********************************************************************/
static void
addClassTableEntry(Class cls, bool addMeta = true)
{
runtimeLock.assertLocked();
// This class is allowed to be a known class via the shared cache or via
// data segments, but it is not allowed to be in the dynamic table already.
auto &set = objc::allocatedClasses.get();//開辟的類的表,在objc_init中的runtime_init就創(chuàng)建了表
ASSERT(set.find(cls) == set.end());
if (!isKnownClass(cls))
set.insert(cls);
if (addMeta)
//添加到allocatedClasses哈希表
addClassTableEntry(cls->ISA(), false);
}
總結(jié)
所以綜上所述,readClass的主要作用就是將Mach-O中的類讀取到內(nèi)存,即插入表中,但是目前的類僅有兩個信息:地址以及名稱,而mach-O的其中的data數(shù)據(jù)還未讀取出來
realizeClassWithoutSwift:實現(xiàn)類
realizeClassWithoutSwift方法中有ro、rw的相關(guān)操作,這個方法在消息流程的慢速查找中有所提及,方法路徑為:慢速查找(lookUpImpOrForward) -- realizeClassMaybeSwiftAndLeaveLocked -- realizeClassMaybeSwiftMaybeRelock -- realizeClassWithoutSwift(實現(xiàn)類)
realizeClassWithoutSwift方法主要作用是實現(xiàn)類,將類的data數(shù)據(jù)加載到內(nèi)存中,主要有以下幾部分操作:
-【第一步】讀取data數(shù)據(jù),并設(shè)置ro、rw
-【第二步】遞歸調(diào)用realizeClassWithoutSwift完善繼承鏈
-【第三步】通過`methodizeClass方法化類
第一步:讀取data數(shù)據(jù)
讀取class的data數(shù)據(jù),并將其強轉(zhuǎn)為ro,以及rw初始化和拷貝一份ro到rw中的ro
-
ro表示readOnly,只讀,在編譯時就已經(jīng)確定了內(nèi)存,包含了類名,方法,協(xié)議和實例變量信息,由于是只讀,所以屬于Clean Memory(加載后不會發(fā)生改變的內(nèi)存) -
rw表示readWrite,即可讀可寫,由于其動態(tài)性,可能會往類中添加屬性、方法、添加協(xié)議,在最新的2020的WWDC的對內(nèi)存優(yōu)化的說明Advancements in the Objective-C runtime - WWDC 2020 - Videos - Apple Developer中,提到rw,其實在rw中只有10%的類真正的更改了它們的方法,所以有了rwe,即類的額外信息。對于那些確實需要額外信息的類,可以分配rwe擴展記錄中的一個,并將其滑入類中供其使用。其中rw就屬于dirty memory(在進程運行時會發(fā)生更改的內(nèi)存),類結(jié)構(gòu)一經(jīng)使用就會變成ditry memory,因為運行時會向它寫入新數(shù)據(jù),例如 創(chuàng)建一個新的方法緩存,并從類中指向它
// fixme verify class is not in an un-dlopened part of the shared cache?
//讀取class的data(),以及ro/rw創(chuàng)建
auto ro = (const class_ro_t *)cls->data(); //讀取類結(jié)構(gòu)的bits屬性、//ro -- clean memory,在編譯時就已經(jīng)確定了內(nèi)存
auto isMeta = ro->flags & RO_META; //判斷元類
if (ro->flags & RO_FUTURE) {
// This was a future class. rw data is already allocated.
rw = cls->data(); //dirty memory 進行賦值
ro = cls->data()->ro();
ASSERT(!isMeta);
cls->changeInfo(RW_REALIZED|RW_REALIZING, RW_FUTURE);
} else { //此時將數(shù)據(jù)讀取進來了,也賦值完畢了
// Normal class. Allocate writeable class data.
rw = objc::zalloc<class_rw_t>(); //申請開辟zalloc -- rw
rw->set_ro(ro);//rw中的ro設(shè)置為臨時變量ro
rw->flags = RW_REALIZED|RW_REALIZING|isMeta;
cls->setData(rw);//將cls的data賦值為rw形式
}
【第二步】遞歸調(diào)用`realizeClassWithoutSwift 完善 繼承鏈
遞歸調(diào)用realizeClassWithoutSwift完善繼承鏈,并設(shè)置當(dāng)前類、父類、元類的rw
- 遞歸調(diào)用
realizeClassWithoutSwift設(shè)置父類、元類 - 設(shè)置
父類和元類的isa指向 - 通過
addSubclass和addRootClass設(shè)置父子的雙向鏈表指向關(guān)系,即父類中可以找到子類,子類中可以找到父類
// Realize superclass and metaclass, if they aren't already.
// This needs to be done after RW_REALIZED is set above, for root classes.
// This needs to be done after class index is chosen, for root metaclasses.
// This assumes that none of those classes have Swift contents,
// or that Swift's initializers have already been called.
// fixme that assumption will be wrong if we add support
// for ObjC subclasses of Swift classes. --
//遞歸調(diào)用realizeClassWithoutSwift完善繼承鏈,并處理當(dāng)前類的父類、元類
//遞歸實現(xiàn) 設(shè)置當(dāng)前類、父類、元類的 rw,主要目的是確定繼承鏈 (類繼承鏈、元類繼承鏈)
//實現(xiàn)元類、父類
//當(dāng)isa找到根元類之后,根元類的isa是指向自己的,不會返回nil從而導(dǎo)致死循環(huán)——remapClass中對類在表中進行查找的操作,如果表中已有該類,則返回一個空值;如果沒有則返回當(dāng)前類,這樣保證了類只加載一次并結(jié)束遞歸
supercls = realizeClassWithoutSwift(remapClass(cls->superclass), nil);
metacls = realizeClassWithoutSwift(remapClass(cls->ISA()), nil);
...
// Update superclass and metaclass in case of remapping -- class 是 雙向鏈表結(jié)構(gòu) 即父子關(guān)系都確認(rèn)了
// 將父類和元類給我們的類 分別是isa和父類的對應(yīng)值
cls->superclass = supercls;
cls->initClassIsa(metacls);
...
// Connect this class to its superclass's subclass lists
//雙向鏈表指向關(guān)系 父類中可以找到子類 子類中也可以找到父類
//通過addSubclass把當(dāng)前類放到父類的子類列表中去
if (supercls) {
addSubclass(supercls, cls);
} else {
addRootClass(cls);
}
realizeClassWithoutSwift遞歸調(diào)用時,isa找到根元類之后,根元類的isa是指向自己,并不會返回nil,所以有以下遞歸終止條件,其目的是保證類只加載一次`
- 在realizeClassWithoutSwift中
- 如果
類不存在,則返回nil - 如果
類已經(jīng)實現(xiàn),則直接返回cls
- 如果
static Class realizeClassWithoutSwift(Class cls, Class previously)
{
runtimeLock.assertLocked();
//如果類不存在,則返回nil
if (!cls) return nil;
如果類已經(jīng)實現(xiàn),則直接返回cls
if (cls->isRealized()) return cls;
ASSERT(cls == remapClass(cls));
...
}
- 在
remapClass方法中,如果cls不存在,則直接返回nil
/***********************************************************************
* remapClass
* Returns the live class pointer for cls, which may be pointing to
* a class struct that has been reallocated.
* Returns nil if cls is ignored because of weak linking.
* Locking: runtimeLock must be read- or write-locked by the caller
**********************************************************************/
static Class remapClass(Class cls)
{
runtimeLock.assertLocked();
if (!cls) return nil;//如果cls不存在,則返回nil
auto *map = remappedClasses(NO);
if (!map)
return cls;
auto iterator = map->find(cls);
if (iterator == map->end())
return cls;
return std::get<1>(*iterator);
}
【第三步】通過 methodizeClass 方法化類
通過methodizeClass方法,從ro中讀取方法列表(包括分類中的方法)、屬性列表、協(xié)議列表賦值給rw,并返回cls
// Attach categories 附加類別 -- 疑問:ro中也有方法列表 rw中也有方法列表,下面這個方法可以說明
//將ro數(shù)據(jù)寫入到rw
methodizeClass(cls, previously);
return cls;
methodizeClass:方法化類
其中methodizeClass的源碼實現(xiàn)如下,主要分為幾部分:
- 將
屬性列表、方法列表、協(xié)議列表等貼到rwe中 - 附加
分類中的方法(將在下一篇文章中進行解釋說明)
static void methodizeClass(Class cls, Class previously)
{
runtimeLock.assertLocked();
bool isMeta = cls->isMetaClass();
auto rw = cls->data(); // 初始化一個rw
auto ro = rw->ro();
auto rwe = rw->ext();
...
// Install methods and properties that the class implements itself.
//將屬性列表、方法列表、協(xié)議列表等貼到rw中
// 將ro中的方法列表加入到rw中
method_list_t *list = ro->baseMethods();//獲取ro的baseMethods
if (list) {
prepareMethodLists(cls, &list, 1, YES, isBundleClass(cls));//methods進行排序
if (rwe) rwe->methods.attachLists(&list, 1);//對rwe進行處理
}
// 加入屬性
property_list_t *proplist = ro->baseProperties;
if (rwe && proplist) {
rwe->properties.attachLists(&proplist, 1);
}
// 加入?yún)f(xié)議
protocol_list_t *protolist = ro->baseProtocols;
if (rwe && protolist) {
rwe->protocols.attachLists(&protolist, 1);
}
// Root classes get bonus method implementations if they don't have
// them already. These apply before category replacements.
if (cls->isRootMetaclass()) {
// root metaclass
addMethod(cls, @selector(initialize), (IMP)&objc_noop_imp, "", NO);
}
// Attach categories.
// 加入分類中的方法
if (previously) {
if (isMeta) {
objc::unattachedCategories.attachToClass(cls, previously,
ATTACH_METACLASS);
} else {
// When a class relocates, categories with class methods
// may be registered on the class itself rather than on
// the metaclass. Tell attachToClass to look for those.
objc::unattachedCategories.attachToClass(cls, previously,
ATTACH_CLASS_AND_METACLASS);
}
}
objc::unattachedCategories.attachToClass(cls, cls,
isMeta ? ATTACH_METACLASS : ATTACH_CLASS);
....
}
rwe的邏輯
方法列表加入rwe的邏輯如下:
- 獲取
ro的baseMethods - 通過
prepareMethodLists方法排序 - 對
rwe進行處理即通過attachLists插入
方法如何排序
在消息流程的慢速查找流程objc_msgSend消息流程之慢速查找文章中,方法的查找算法是通過二分查找算法,說明sel-imp是有排序的,那么是如何排序的呢?
- 進入
prepareMethodLists的源碼實現(xiàn),其內(nèi)部是通過fixupMethodList方法排序
static void
prepareMethodLists(Class cls, method_list_t **addedLists, int addedCount,
bool baseMethods, bool methodsFromBundle)
{
...
// Add method lists to array.
// Reallocate un-fixed method lists.
// The new methods are PREPENDED to the method list array.
for (int i = 0; i < addedCount; i++) {
method_list_t *mlist = addedLists[i];
ASSERT(mlist);
// Fixup selectors if necessary
if (!mlist->isFixedUp()) {
fixupMethodList(mlist, methodsFromBundle, true/*sort*/);//排序
}
}
...
}
- 進入
fixupMethodList源碼實現(xiàn),是根據(jù)selector address排序
static void
fixupMethodList(method_list_t *mlist, bool bundleCopy, bool sort)
{
runtimeLock.assertLocked();
ASSERT(!mlist->isFixedUp());
// fixme lock less in attachMethodLists ?
// dyld3 may have already uniqued, but not sorted, the list
if (!mlist->isUniqued()) {
mutex_locker_t lock(selLock);
// Unique selectors in list.
for (auto& meth : *mlist) {
const char *name = sel_cname(meth.name);
meth.name = sel_registerNameNoLock(name, bundleCopy);
}
}
// Sort by selector address.根據(jù)sel地址排序
if (sort) {
method_t::SortBySELAddress sorter;
std::stable_sort(mlist->begin(), mlist->end(), sorter);
}
// Mark method list as uniqued and sorted
mlist->setFixedUp();
}
attachToClass方法
在methodlist方法主要是將分類添加到主類中,其源碼實現(xiàn)如下
void attachToClass(Class cls, Class previously, int flags)
{
runtimeLock.assertLocked();
ASSERT((flags & ATTACH_CLASS) ||
(flags & ATTACH_METACLASS) ||
(flags & ATTACH_CLASS_AND_METACLASS));
const char *mangledName = cls->mangledName();
const char *LGPersonName = "LGPerson";
if (strcmp(mangledName, LGPersonName) == 0) {
bool kc_isMeta = cls->isMetaClass();
auto kc_rw = cls->data();
auto kc_ro = kc_rw->ro();
if (!kc_isMeta) {
printf("%s: 這個是我要研究的 %s \n",__func__,LGPersonName);
}
}
auto &map = get();
auto it = map.find(previously);//找到一個分類進來一次,即一個個加載分類,不要混亂
if (it != map.end()) {//這里會走進來:當(dāng)主類沒有實現(xiàn)load,分類開始加載,迫使主類加載,會走到if流程里面
category_list &list = it->second;
if (flags & ATTACH_CLASS_AND_METACLASS) {//判斷是否是元類
int otherFlags = flags & ~ATTACH_CLASS_AND_METACLASS;
attachCategories(cls, list.array(), list.count(), otherFlags | ATTACH_CLASS);//實例方法
attachCategories(cls->ISA(), list.array(), list.count(), otherFlags | ATTACH_METACLASS);//類方法
} else {
//如果不是元類,則只走一次 attachCategories
attachCategories(cls, list.array(), list.count(), flags);
}
map.erase(it);
}
}
因為attachToClass中的外部循環(huán)是找到一個分類就會進到attachCategories一次,即找一個就循環(huán)一次
attachCategories方法
在attachCategories方法中準(zhǔn)備分類的數(shù)據(jù),其源碼實現(xiàn)如下
static void
attachCategories(Class cls, const locstamped_category_t *cats_list, uint32_t cats_count,
int flags)
{
if (slowpath(PrintReplacedMethods)) {
printReplacements(cls, cats_list, cats_count);
}
if (slowpath(PrintConnecting)) {
_objc_inform("CLASS: attaching %d categories to%s class '%s'%s",
cats_count, (flags & ATTACH_EXISTING) ? " existing" : "",
cls->nameForLogging(), (flags & ATTACH_METACLASS) ? " (meta)" : "");
}
/*
* Only a few classes have more than 64 categories during launch.
* This uses a little stack, and avoids malloc.
*
* Categories must be added in the proper order, which is back
* to front. To do that with the chunking, we iterate cats_list
* from front to back, build up the local buffers backwards,
* and call attachLists on the chunks. attachLists prepends the
* lists, so the final result is in the expected order.
*/
constexpr uint32_t ATTACH_BUFSIZ = 64;
method_list_t *mlists[ATTACH_BUFSIZ];
property_list_t *proplists[ATTACH_BUFSIZ];
protocol_list_t *protolists[ATTACH_BUFSIZ];
uint32_t mcount = 0;
uint32_t propcount = 0;
uint32_t protocount = 0;
bool fromBundle = NO;
bool isMeta = (flags & ATTACH_METACLASS);
/*
rwe的創(chuàng)建,
那么為什么要在這里進行`rwe的初始化`?因為我們現(xiàn)在要做一件事:往`本類`中`添加屬性、方法、協(xié)議`等
*/
auto rwe = cls->data()->extAllocIfNeeded();
//mlists 是一個二維數(shù)組
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < cats_count; i++) {
auto& entry = cats_list[i];
method_list_t *mlist = entry.cat->methodsForMeta(isMeta);
if (mlist) {
if (mcount == ATTACH_BUFSIZ) {//mcount = 0,ATTACH_BUFSIZ= 64,不會走到if里面的流程
prepareMethodLists(cls, mlists, mcount, NO, fromBundle);//準(zhǔn)備排序
rwe->methods.attachLists(mlists, mcount);
mcount = 0;
}
mlists[ATTACH_BUFSIZ - ++mcount] = mlist;
fromBundle |= entry.hi->isBundle();
}
property_list_t *proplist =
entry.cat->propertiesForMeta(isMeta, entry.hi);
if (proplist) {
if (propcount == ATTACH_BUFSIZ) {
rwe->properties.attachLists(proplists, propcount);
propcount = 0;
}
proplists[ATTACH_BUFSIZ - ++propcount] = proplist;
}
protocol_list_t *protolist = entry.cat->protocolsForMeta(isMeta);
if (protolist) {
if (protocount == ATTACH_BUFSIZ) {
rwe->protocols.attachLists(protolists, protocount);
protocount = 0;
}
protolists[ATTACH_BUFSIZ - ++protocount] = protolist;
}
}
if (mcount > 0) {
prepareMethodLists(cls, mlists + ATTACH_BUFSIZ - mcount, mcount, NO, fromBundle);//排序
rwe->methods.attachLists(mlists + ATTACH_BUFSIZ - mcount, mcount);//mlists + ATTACH_BUFSIZ - mcount 為內(nèi)存平移
if (flags & ATTACH_EXISTING) flushCaches(cls);
}
rwe->properties.attachLists(proplists + ATTACH_BUFSIZ - propcount, propcount);
rwe->protocols.attachLists(protolists + ATTACH_BUFSIZ - protocount, protocount);
}
- 在
auto rwe = cls->data()->extAllocIfNeeded();是進行rwe的創(chuàng)建,因為我們現(xiàn)在要做一件事:往本類中添加屬性、方法、協(xié)議等,即對原來的clean memory要進行處理了- 進入
extAllocIfNeeded方法的源碼實現(xiàn),判斷rwe是否存在,如果存在則直接獲取,如果不存在則開辟 - 進入
extAlloc源碼實現(xiàn),即對rwe 0-1的過程,在此過程中,就將本類的data數(shù)據(jù)加載進去了
- 進入
class_rw_ext_t *extAllocIfNeeded() {
auto v = get_ro_or_rwe();
if (fastpath(v.is<class_rw_ext_t *>())) { //判斷rwe是否存在
return v.get<class_rw_ext_t *>();//如果存在,則直接獲取
} else {
return extAlloc(v.get<const class_ro_t *>());//如果不存在則進行開辟
}
}
??//extAlloc源碼實現(xiàn)
class_rw_ext_t *
class_rw_t::extAlloc(const class_ro_t *ro, bool deepCopy)
{
runtimeLock.assertLocked();
//此時只有rw,需要對rwe進行數(shù)據(jù)添加,即0-1的過程
auto rwe = objc::zalloc<class_rw_ext_t>();//創(chuàng)建
rwe->version = (ro->flags & RO_META) ? 7 : 0;
method_list_t *list = ro->baseMethods();
if (list) {
if (deepCopy) list = list->duplicate();
rwe->methods.attachLists(&list, 1);
}
// See comments in objc_duplicateClass
// property lists and protocol lists historically
// have not been deep-copied
//
// This is probably wrong and ought to be fixed some day
property_list_t *proplist = ro->baseProperties;
if (proplist) {
rwe->properties.attachLists(&proplist, 1);
}
protocol_list_t *protolist = ro->baseProtocols;
if (protolist) {
rwe->protocols.attachLists(&protolist, 1);
}
set_ro_or_rwe(rwe, ro);
return rwe;
}
- 其中關(guān)鍵代碼是
rwe->methods.attachLists(mlists + ATTACH_BUFSIZ - mcount, mcount);即存入mlists的末尾,mlists的數(shù)據(jù)來源前面的for循環(huán) - 在調(diào)試運行時,發(fā)現(xiàn)
category_t中的name編譯時是LGPerson(參考clang編譯時的那么),運行時是LGA即分類的名字 - 代碼
mlists[ATTACH_BUFSIZ - ++mcount] = mlist;,經(jīng)過調(diào)試發(fā)現(xiàn)此時的mcount等于1,即可以理解為倒序插入,64的原因是允許容納64個(最多64個分類)
總結(jié):本類 中 需要添加屬性、方法等,所以需要初始化rwe,rwe的初始化主要涉及:分類、addMethod、addProperty、addprotocol, 即對原始類進行修改或者處理時,才會進行rwe的初始化
attachLists方法:插入
其中方法、屬性繼承于entsize_list_tt,協(xié)議則是類似entsize_list_tt實現(xiàn),都是二維數(shù)組
struct method_list_t : entsize_list_tt<method_t, method_list_t, 0x3>
struct property_list_t : entsize_list_tt<property_t, property_list_t, 0>
struct protocol_list_t {
// count is pointer-sized by accident.
uintptr_t count;
protocol_ref_t list[0]; // variable-size
size_t byteSize() const {
return sizeof(*this) + count*sizeof(list[0]);
}
protocol_list_t *duplicate() const {
return (protocol_list_t *)memdup(this, this->byteSize());
}
...
}
- 進入
attachLists方法的源碼實現(xiàn)
void attachLists(List* const * addedLists, uint32_t addedCount) {
if (addedCount == 0) return;
if (hasArray()) {
// many lists -> many lists
//計算數(shù)組中舊lists的大小
uint32_t oldCount = array()->count;
//計算新的容量大小 = 舊數(shù)據(jù)大小+新數(shù)據(jù)大小
uint32_t newCount = oldCount + addedCount;
//根據(jù)新的容量大小,開辟一個數(shù)組,類型是 array_t,通過array()獲取
setArray((array_t *)realloc(array(), array_t::byteSize(newCount)));
//設(shè)置數(shù)組大小
array()->count = newCount;
//舊的數(shù)據(jù)從 addedCount 數(shù)組下標(biāo)開始 存放舊的lists,大小為 舊數(shù)據(jù)大小 * 單個舊list大小
memmove(array()->lists + addedCount, array()->lists,
oldCount * sizeof(array()->lists[0]));
//新數(shù)據(jù)從數(shù)組 首位置開始存儲,存放新的lists,大小為 新數(shù)據(jù)大小 * 單個list大小
memcpy(
array()->lists, addedLists,
addedCount * sizeof(array()->lists[0]));
}
else if (!list && addedCount == 1) {
// 0 lists -> 1 list
list = addedLists[0];//將list加入mlists的第一個元素,此時的list是一個一維數(shù)組
}
else {
// 1 list -> many lists 有了一個list,有往里加很多l(xiāng)ist
//新的list就是分類,來自LRU的算法思維,即最近最少使用
//獲取舊的list
List* oldList = list;
uint32_t oldCount = oldList ? 1 : 0;
//計算容量和 = 舊list個數(shù)+新lists的個數(shù)
uint32_t newCount = oldCount + addedCount;
//開辟一個容量和大小的集合,類型是 array_t,即創(chuàng)建一個數(shù)組,放到array中,通過array()獲取
setArray((array_t *)malloc(array_t::byteSize(newCount)));
//設(shè)置數(shù)組的大小
array()->count = newCount;
//判斷old是否存在,old肯定是存在的,將舊的list放入到數(shù)組的末尾
if (oldList) array()->lists[addedCount] = oldList;
// memcpy(開始位置,放什么,放多大) 是內(nèi)存平移,從數(shù)組起始位置存入新的list
//其中array()->lists 表示首位元素位置
memcpy(array()->lists, addedLists,
addedCount * sizeof(array()->lists[0]));
}
}
從源碼可以得知,插入表主要分為三種情況:
-
【情況1:
多對多】如果當(dāng)前調(diào)用attachLists的list_array_tt二維數(shù)組中有多個一維數(shù)組- 計算數(shù)組中
舊lists的大小 - 計算新的容量大小 =
舊數(shù)據(jù)大小+新數(shù)據(jù)大小 - 根據(jù)新的容量大小,開辟一個數(shù)組,類型是
array_t,通過array()獲取 - 設(shè)置數(shù)組大小
- 舊的數(shù)據(jù)從
addedCount 數(shù)組下標(biāo)開始 存放舊的lists,大小為舊數(shù)據(jù)大小 * 單個舊list大小,即整段平移,可以簡單理解為原來的數(shù)據(jù)移動到后面,即指針偏移 - 新數(shù)據(jù)從
數(shù)組 首位置開始存儲,存放新的lists,大小為新數(shù)據(jù)大小 * 單個list大小,可以簡單理解為越晚加進來,越在前面,越在前面,調(diào)用時則優(yōu)先調(diào)用
- 計算數(shù)組中
-
【情況2:
0對一】如果調(diào)用attachLists的list_array_tt二維數(shù)組為空且新增大小數(shù)目為 1- 直接賦值
addedList的第一個list
- 直接賦值
-
【情況3:
一對多】如果當(dāng)前調(diào)用attachLists的list_array_tt二維數(shù)組只有一個一維數(shù)組- 獲取舊的list
- 計算
容量和 = 舊list個數(shù)+新lists的個數(shù) - 開辟一個容量和大小的集合,類型是
array_t,即創(chuàng)建一個數(shù)組,放到array中,通過array()獲取 - 設(shè)置數(shù)組的大小
- 判斷old是否存在,old肯定是存在的,將
舊的list放入到數(shù)組的末尾 -
memcpy(開始位置,放什么,放多大)是內(nèi)存平移,從數(shù)組起始位置開始存入新的list,其中array()->lists表示首位元素位置
針對情況3,這里的lists是指分類
- 這是日常開發(fā)中,為什么子類實現(xiàn)父類方法會把父類方法覆蓋的原因,同理,對于同名方法,分類方法覆蓋類方法的原因
- 這個操作來自一個算法思維LRU即最近最少使用,加這個newlist的目的是由于要使用這個newlist中的方法,這個newlist對于用戶的價值要高,即優(yōu)先調(diào)用
- 會來到1對多的原因 ,主要是有分類的添加,即舊的元素在后面,新的元素在前面 ,究其根本原因主要是優(yōu)先調(diào)用category,這也是分類的意義所在
memmove和memcpy的區(qū)別
- 在不知道需要平移的內(nèi)存大小時,需要
memmove進行內(nèi)存平移,保證安全 -
memcpy從原內(nèi)存地址的起始位置開始拷貝若干個字節(jié)到目標(biāo)內(nèi)存地址中,速度快
綜上所述,attachLists方法主要是將類 和 分類 的數(shù)據(jù)加載到rwe中
- 首先
加載本類的data數(shù)據(jù),此時的rwe沒有數(shù)據(jù)為空,走0對1流程 - 當(dāng)加入一個分類時,此時的
rwe僅有一個list,即本類的list,走1對多流程 - 再加入一個分類時,此時的
rwe中有兩個list,即本類+分類的list,走多對多流程
如下圖所示

懶加載類 和 非懶加載類

總結(jié)
readClass主要是讀取類,即此時的類僅有地址+名稱,還沒有data數(shù)據(jù)
realizeClassWithoutSwift主要是實現(xiàn)類,即將類的data數(shù)據(jù)讀取到內(nèi)存中
- methodizeClass方法中實現(xiàn)類中方法(協(xié)議等)的序列化
- attachCategories方法中實現(xiàn)類以及分類的數(shù)據(jù)加載
綜上所述,類從Mach-O加載到內(nèi)存的流程圖如下所示


