文章首發(fā)于微信公眾號(hào)《程序員果果》
一、簡介
SpringBoot 最強(qiáng)大的功能就是把我們常用的場景抽取成了一個(gè)個(gè)starter(場景啟動(dòng)器),我們通過引入springboot 為我提供的這些場景啟動(dòng)器,我們再進(jìn)行少量的配置就能使用相應(yīng)的功能。即使是這樣,springboot也不能囊括我們所有的使用場景,往往我們需要自定義starter,來簡化我們對springboot的使用。
二、如何自定義starter
1.實(shí)例
如何編寫自動(dòng)配置 ?
我們參照@WebMvcAutoConfiguration為例,我們看看們需要準(zhǔn)備哪些東西,下面是WebMvcAutoConfiguration的部分代碼:
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnWebApplication
@ConditionalOnClass({Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class, WebMvcConfigurerAdapter.class})
@ConditionalOnMissingBean({WebMvcConfigurationSupport.class})
@AutoConfigureOrder(-2147483638)
@AutoConfigureAfter({DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.class, ValidationAutoConfiguration.class})
public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration {
@Import({WebMvcAutoConfiguration.EnableWebMvcConfiguration.class})
@EnableConfigurationProperties({WebMvcProperties.class, ResourceProperties.class})
public static class WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
@Bean
@ConditionalOnBean({View.class})
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
public BeanNameViewResolver beanNameViewResolver() {
BeanNameViewResolver resolver = new BeanNameViewResolver();
resolver.setOrder(2147483637);
return resolver;
}
}
}
我們可以抽取到我們自定義starter時(shí)同樣需要的一些配置。
@Configuration //指定這個(gè)類是一個(gè)配置類
@ConditionalOnXXX //指定條件成立的情況下自動(dòng)配置類生效
@AutoConfigureOrder //指定自動(dòng)配置類的順序
@Bean //向容器中添加組件
@ConfigurationProperties //結(jié)合相關(guān)xxxProperties來綁定相關(guān)的配置
@EnableConfigurationProperties //讓xxxProperties生效加入到容器中
自動(dòng)配置類要能加載需要將自動(dòng)配置類,配置在META-INF/spring.factories中
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,\
模式
我們參照 spring-boot-starter 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)其中沒有代碼:

我們在看它的pom中的依賴中有個(gè) springboot-starter
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
我們再看看 spring-boot-starter 有個(gè) spring-boot-autoconfigure
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-autoconfigure</artifactId>
</dependency>
關(guān)于web的一些自動(dòng)配置都寫在了這里 ,所以我們有總結(jié):
啟動(dòng)器starter只是用來做依賴管理
需要專門寫一個(gè)類似spring-boot-autoconfigure的配置模塊
用的時(shí)候只需要引入啟動(dòng)器starter,就可以使用自動(dòng)配置了
命名規(guī)范
官方命名空間
- 前綴:spring-boot-starter-
- 模式:spring-boot-starter-模塊名
- 舉例:spring-boot-starter-web、spring-boot-starter-jdbc
自定義命名空間
- 后綴:-spring-boot-starter
- 模式:模塊-spring-boot-starter
- 舉例:mybatis-spring-boot-starter
三、自定義starter實(shí)例
我們需要先創(chuàng)建兩個(gè)工程 hello-spring-boot-starter 和 hello-spring-boot-starter-autoconfigurer
1. hello-spring-boot-starter
1.pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.gf</groupId>
<artifactId>hello-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>hello-spring-boot-starter</name>
<!-- 啟動(dòng)器 -->
<dependencies>
<!-- 引入自動(dòng)配置模塊 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.gf</groupId>
<artifactId>hello-spring-boot-starter-autoconfigurer</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
同時(shí)刪除 啟動(dòng)類、resources下的文件,test文件。
2. hello-spring-boot-starter-autoconfigurer
1. pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.gf</groupId>
<artifactId>hello-spring-boot-starter-autoconfigurer</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>hello-spring-boot-starter-autoconfigurer</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!-- 引入spring-boot-starter,所有starter的基本配合 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
2. HelloProperties
package com.gf.service;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "gf.hello")
public class HelloProperties {
private String prefix;
private String suffix;
public String getPrefix() {
return prefix;
}
public void setPrefix(String prefix) {
this.prefix = prefix;
}
public String getSuffix() {
return suffix;
}
public void setSuffix(String suffix) {
this.suffix = suffix;
}
}
3. HelloService
package com.gf.service;
public class HelloService {
HelloProperties helloProperties;
public HelloProperties getHelloProperties() {
return helloProperties;
}
public void setHelloProperties(HelloProperties helloProperties) {
this.helloProperties = helloProperties;
}
public String sayHello(String name ) {
return helloProperties.getPrefix()+ "-" + name + helloProperties.getSuffix();
}
}
4. HelloServiceAutoConfiguration
package com.gf.service;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnWebApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnWebApplication //web應(yīng)該生效
@EnableConfigurationProperties(HelloProperties.class)
public class HelloServiceAutoConfiguration {
@Autowired
HelloProperties helloProperties;
@Bean
public HelloService helloService() {
HelloService service = new HelloService();
service.setHelloProperties( helloProperties );
return service;
}
}
5. spring.factories
在 resources 下創(chuàng)建文件夾 META-INF 并在 META-INF 下創(chuàng)建文件 spring.factories ,內(nèi)容如下:
# Auto Configure
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
com.gf.service.HelloServiceAutoConfiguration
到這兒,我們的配置自定義的starter就寫完了 ,我們hello-spring-boot-starter-autoconfigurer、hello-spring-boot-starter 安裝成本地jar包。
三、測試自定義starter
我們創(chuàng)建個(gè)項(xiàng)目 hello-spring-boot-starter-test,來測試系我們寫的stater。
1. pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.gf</groupId>
<artifactId>hello-spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>hello-spring-boot-starter-test</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 引入自定義starter -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.gf</groupId>
<artifactId>hello-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
2. HelloController
package com.gf.controller;
import com.gf.service.HelloService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class HelloController {
@Autowired
HelloService helloService;
@GetMapping("/hello/{name}")
public String hello(@PathVariable(value = "name") String name) {
return helloService.sayHello( name + " , " );
}
}
3. application.properties
gf.hello.prefix = hi
gf.hello.suffix = what's up man ?
我運(yùn)行項(xiàng)目訪問 http://127.0.0.1:8080/hello/zhangsan,結(jié)果如下:
hi-zhangsan , what's up man ?