199. Binary Tree Right Side View
Given a binary tree, imagine yourself standing on the right side of it, return the values of the nodes you can see ordered from top to bottom.
For example:
Given the following binary tree,
1 <---
/ \
2 3 <---
\ \
5 4 <---
You should return [1, 3, 4].
Credits:
Special thanks to @amrsaqr for adding this problem and creating all test cases.
題解:
輸入一個(gè)二叉樹,從右側(cè)觀察二叉樹,將觀察到的節(jié)點(diǎn)從上到下的順序輸出;
分析題目,能夠看出,如果我們從右側(cè)觀察二叉樹;那么能夠觀察到的節(jié)點(diǎn)一定是該二叉樹每層的最右邊的節(jié)點(diǎn);那么,我們只需要對(duì)二叉樹寬度優(yōu)先搜索的時(shí)候,存入節(jié)點(diǎn)及節(jié)點(diǎn)所在的層數(shù),就不難求出每層最右邊的節(jié)點(diǎn);
二叉樹的寬度優(yōu)先搜索:http://www.itdecent.cn/p/9a0f3e29b479
層次遍歷的時(shí)候如何將節(jié)點(diǎn)和節(jié)點(diǎn)所在層數(shù)同時(shí)存在隊(duì)列(queue)中呢?
我們想到了STL的另一個(gè)容器:對(duì)組(pair);
對(duì)組功能:將一對(duì)值合成一個(gè)值,且這對(duì)值可以是任意數(shù)據(jù)類型;
本題我們要用對(duì)組存儲(chǔ)二叉樹節(jié)點(diǎn)和該節(jié)點(diǎn)所在層數(shù);
所以:pair<TreeNode *, int> p;
兩個(gè)值分別用 pair 的 first 和 second 訪問:
p.first 表示二叉樹節(jié)點(diǎn) root;
p.second : 表示節(jié)點(diǎn)所在層數(shù) level;
初始化一個(gè)pair可以使用構(gòu)造函數(shù),也可以使用std::make_pair函數(shù);
std::make_pair(root, level);
好了,在我們能夠把二叉樹節(jié)點(diǎn)和對(duì)應(yīng)的層數(shù)同時(shí)保存以后,我們就可以愉快地對(duì)二叉樹寬度優(yōu)先搜索,然后搜索過程中存入每一層的最后出現(xiàn)的節(jié)點(diǎn)的值啦;
對(duì)二叉樹寬度優(yōu)先搜索需要借助隊(duì)列實(shí)現(xiàn),隊(duì)列存入每次搜索后得到的二叉樹節(jié)點(diǎn)和節(jié)點(diǎn)層數(shù);所以要將對(duì)數(shù)放入隊(duì)列中進(jìn)行層次遍歷;
所以最終的聲明為:queue<pair<TreeNode *, int>> q;
定義一個(gè)vector數(shù)組(vector<int> node_val)
用它來存儲(chǔ)每層的最右節(jié)點(diǎn)值 node_val [level] ;
level = q.front().second;
能夠發(fā)現(xiàn),我們只需要不斷的更新node_val [level] 的值,就可以得到層次遍歷時(shí),在第 level層中最后搜索到的節(jié)點(diǎn)(最右邊的節(jié)點(diǎn));
層次遍歷結(jié)束后得到的 vector 即為從右側(cè)觀察二叉樹觀察到的從上到下順序輸出的節(jié)點(diǎn);
My Solution(C/C++)
#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;
struct TreeNode {
int val;
TreeNode *left;
TreeNode *right;
TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
};
class Solution {
public:
//vector<pair<int, int>> rightSideView(TreeNode *root) {
vector<int> rightSideView(TreeNode *root) {
queue<pair<TreeNode *, int>> q;
//vector<pair<int, int>> result;
vector<int> node_val;
if (!root) {
return node_val;
}
int level = 0;
q.push(make_pair(root, level));
node_val.push_back(root->val);
while (!q.empty()) {
if (q.front().first->left) {
level += 1;
q.push(make_pair(q.front().first->left, q.front().second + 1));
}
if (q.front().first->right) {
level += 1;
q.push(make_pair(q.front().first->right, q.front().second + 1));
}
if (node_val.size() < q.front().second + 1) {
node_val.push_back(q.front().first->val);
}
if(node_val.size() == q.front().second + 1){
node_val.pop_back();
node_val.push_back(q.front().first->val);
}
//result.push_back(make_pair(q.front().first->val, q.front().second));
q.pop();
}
return node_val;
//return result;
}
};
int main() {
TreeNode a(5);
TreeNode b(4);
TreeNode c(8);
TreeNode d(11);
TreeNode e(13);
TreeNode f(4);
TreeNode g(7);
TreeNode h(2);
TreeNode i(5);
TreeNode j(1);
a.left = &b;
b.left = &d;
d.left = &g;
d.right = &h;
a.right = &c;
c.left = &e;
c.right = &f;
f.left = &i;
f.right = &j;
Solution s;
//vector<pair<int, int>> result;
//result = s.rightSideView(&a);
vector<int> result;
result = s.rightSideView(&a);
for (int i = 0; i < result.size(); i++) {
printf("%d->", result[i]);
}
return 0;
}
結(jié)果
5->8->4->1->
My Solution(Python)
import queue
# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode(object):
# def __init__(self, x):
# self.val = x
# self.left = None
# self.right = None
class Solution(object):
def rightSideView(self, root):
"""
:type root: TreeNode
:rtype: List[int]
"""
if not root:
return []
Q = queue.Queue()
level = 0
val = []
Q.put([root, level])
while not Q.empty():
root, level = Q.get()
if root.left:
Q.put([root.left, level + 1])
if root.right:
Q.put([root.right, level + 1])
val.append(root.val)
val[level] = root.val
return val[:level + 1]