八月讀完了刻意練習(xí),總體感覺這是一個邏輯嚴(yán)密,運用大量事例反復(fù)論證刻意練習(xí)可行性和有效性的報告。讀后的體會有三點:一條邏輯線、一個road map ,一點建議。
一條邏輯線
如果要找三個詞來概括全書的邏輯框架的話,我會選Adaptability、DP(Deliberate Practice)和MR(Mental Representation)。簡而言之,正是因為人的身體和大腦具有極強的適應(yīng)性(Adaptability),所以通過刻意練習(xí)可以逐步提高和塑造適應(yīng)能力,進(jìn)而建立起高效的MR。也就是說,Adaptability是DP實現(xiàn)的前提,而MR是DP最終追求的結(jié)果。即Adaptability和MR構(gòu)成了DP的前因后果。這就是全書的邏輯主線。
一個Roadmap
那么DP從始至終到底是如何發(fā)揮作用的?在每一個節(jié)點上應(yīng)該注意什么?在實際實施DP的時候要遵循什么樣的路徑和原則?書中用大量的篇幅舉證了眾多事例,論述了DP的特點等等?;睘楹啠珼P的路線圖如下。簡單記憶為“什么方式”的拼音首字母SMFS(S=skills,M=MR,F(xiàn)=feedback,S=step by step)
首先,學(xué)習(xí)開始時確立skills為導(dǎo)向。The objectives should be skills, not knowledge.即學(xué)習(xí)以實際運用為目的,摒棄“學(xué)知識”的傳統(tǒng)觀念做法,摒棄“學(xué)了自然就會了”的錯誤認(rèn)知,摒棄只學(xué)不用的誤區(qū)。
其次,學(xué)習(xí)過程就是找到高手的MR,仿效高手,不斷練習(xí),及時反饋(feedback),不斷修正。In particular, understand as?much as possible about the mental representations that experts use and develop?similar MR.在仿效的過程中,DP的核心就是有效的反饋,這種反饋在MR的形成中至關(guān)重要。Plenty of repetition and?feedback, together with the regular cycle of try, fail, get feedback, try again,and so on is how we build our mental representations .每一次有效的反饋如同為MR的建立添磚加瓦,在不斷的反饋、改正、失敗,重新嘗試的過程中,MR得到不斷的修正和加固,最后形成出神入化的MR。
最后,循序漸進(jìn)(step by step)。一下子把目標(biāo)定的高大上,有時候會適得其反。分解目標(biāo),大目標(biāo)化小目標(biāo)。小目標(biāo)既要跨出舒適區(qū),to keep them out of their comfort zone but not so far out that they?cannot master that step同時又要兼顧當(dāng)前能力水平,稍高為益。
一點建議
在作者的寫作安排上,我是有一點小疑慮的,就是本書開始對于Purposeful?Practice和Deliberate Practice的區(qū)別交代不是很明晰,以至于在前三章,讀者并不太清楚PP和DP的區(qū)別,甚至?xí)煜?。直到第四章作者才交代了二者的區(qū)別。所以如果在開始稍微提及兩者的區(qū)別(其實說起來也很簡單DP=PP+ informed),個人認(rèn)為會更好。
學(xué)習(xí)體會:初試快速閱讀
在閱讀的過程中,尤其是在本書的后半部分。有時時間不充裕,沒法通篇閱讀,又不想因此落下進(jìn)度,所以嘗試了一下快速閱讀。初次嘗試,經(jīng)驗粗淺。讀章節(jié)頭尾,段落頭尾,特別留意段落中but,while等轉(zhuǎn)折,因為這些轉(zhuǎn)折后邊常常就是作者的觀點。如果文章中出現(xiàn)序數(shù)詞,如first等就要留意收集后面觀點。在今后閱讀中也會進(jìn)一步體會快速閱讀,找到并總結(jié)一些方法。
Summary
How could we reach the peak if we are struck in?three?prevailing myths? The first is the belief that one’s abilities are limited by one’s genes. The second myth holds that we are bound to get better at something if we do it for long enough. And the third myth states that we tryhard enough, we will get better. But above myths usually turn to upset us.
So what is the recipe for improvement or whatis the best way to the peak? The answer lies in?deliberate practice. Anyone can improve,but it requires the right approach. As studies indicate that our body and brainis incredibly?adaptable,it is possible to shape the brain in the ways we desire through deliberate practice.When following the?roadmap of DP. we begin by indentifying our objectives—skills?rather than knowledge . And understand as much as possible about the?mental
representations that experts use and try to develop similar MR. This will involve reaching the skill?step by step,which each step designed to keep usout of comfort?zone but not so far out what we cannot master that step . Then wegradually build our MRs through?feedback, trials and errors.