強行頒布法令：川普的禁令
Lei'ing down the Law: Trump's Ban
政府昨天又遭遇一次尷尬，當夏威夷的法院阻止了他第二次試圖禁止幾個主要穆斯林國家的旅行。
① The administration suffered another embarrassment yesterday when a court in Hawaii blocked its second attempt to restrict travel from several majority-Muslim countries.
原計劃今天開始實施的，修改后的執(zhí)行令是量身制定的來避免法律上的問題，這問題阻撓了第一次的行政令，這個行政令是在一月份宣布的，但在幾個州上訴以后就很快終止了。
② Scheduled to come into force today, the revised executive order was tailored to avoid the legal pitfalls that sank the first mandate, which was announced in January but quickly suspended after several states sued.?
第一次行政令是要禁止所有七個主要穆斯林國家的公民前往美國——包括那些有合法的工作或居住權的公民——第二個版本把伊拉克公民和持有永居簽證或許可的排除在外了
③ While the first ban would have limited travel to America by all citizens of seven majority-Muslim countries—including those with legal permission to live or work in the country—the second version exempted citizens from Iraq and those who hold visas or permission to permanent residency.
這本是要削弱阻撓第一禁令的正當法律程序，修正的版本只適用于美國外面的外國人，他們享有更少的憲法權利。
④ This was supposed to weaken the due-process argument that felled the first ban; the edited version applied only to foreigners outside America, who enjoy fewer constitutional rights.
夏威夷檢察長占據(jù)上風，他的力證是這法令會懷著明顯的意圖歧視穆斯林。
⑤ Hawaii's attorney-general prevailed with the argument that the order would discriminate against Muslims by its intent.
這個州的勝利強調(diào)了明竹黨檢察官可以多有效的阻撓Donald Trump的進程。
⑥ The state's victory emphasises how effectively Democratic attorneys-general can stymie Donald Trump's agenda.
2017年1月27日，特朗普簽署暫停七個穆斯林國家的移民入境以及簽證發(fā)放的行政令。此“禁穆令”一出立即震驚全球，不僅引發(fā)蘋果、谷歌等逾120家公司的抵制、還遭到包括英德在內(nèi)的盟國領導人的反對。此外，伊朗和伊拉克作為報復，聲稱將禁止美國公民入境。隨后，“禁穆令”便開啟了美國國內(nèi)一場聲勢浩大的法庭論戰(zhàn)。
2月3日，西雅圖聯(lián)邦法官 James Robart 暫停實施該禁令，次日司法部緊急申訴，要求立即恢復禁令。2月5日，舊金山聯(lián)邦上訴法院駁回司法部申訴，維持中止實施禁令的聯(lián)邦法官裁定。2月9日，上訴法院聽審法官裁定維持 Robart 的裁定，拒絕恢復禁令執(zhí)行。2月16日，特朗普宣布將撤銷簽署未滿半月的“禁穆令”，準備隨后發(fā)布有關移民的新行政令取而代之。
3月6日，特朗普簽署新版“禁穆令”，針對蘇丹、敘利亞、伊朗、利比亞、索馬里和也門等六個以穆斯林人口為主的國家，為期90天，不同于舊版“禁穆令”的是，旅美禁令名單中剔除了伊拉克。新版禁令同時要求暫停難民接納項目120天，但并沒有無限期禁止敘利亞難民的入境。美國國土安全部稱，和此前部分綠卡人士不得入境不同，新版“禁穆令”不會限制上述六國的綠卡持有者返回美國，而且將允許在老版“禁穆令”簽署日—1月27日以前獲得簽證的人士入境。截至3月14日，已有紐約、華盛頓、加州、馬薩諸塞和夏威夷五個州對新版禁穆令提出起訴。
本篇課程首發(fā)于2017年3月22日
難度系數(shù)：★☆☆☆☆
無用系數(shù)：★★★★☆
Lei'ing down the Law: Trump's Ban
① The administration suffered another embarrassment yesterday when a court in Hawaii blocked its second attempt to restrict travel from several majority-Muslim countries.
② Scheduled to come into force today, the revised executive order was tailored to avoid the legal pitfalls that sank the first mandate, which was announced in January but quickly suspended after several states sued.
③ While the first ban would have limited travel to America by all citizens of seven majority-Muslim countries—including those with legal permission to live or work in the country—the second version exempted citizens from Iraq and those who hold visas or permission to permanent residency.
④ This was supposed to weaken the due-process argument that felled the first ban; the edited version applied only to foreigners outside America, who enjoy fewer constitutional rights.
⑤ Hawaii's attorney-general prevailed with the argument that the order would discriminate against Muslims by its intent.
⑥ The state's victory emphasises how effectively Democratic attorneys-general can stymie Donald Trump's agenda.
▍生詞好句
be tailored to…: 為..……而量身定制
pitfall /?p?tf??l/: n. 陷阱；隱患；問題
mandate /?mande?t/: n. 授權；命令
exempt /?ɡ?z?m(p)t, ?ɡ?z?m(p)t/: vt. 免除
due-process: 正當法律程序
fell /f?l/: vt. 擊倒
intent /?n?t?nt/: n. 意圖
stymie /?st??mi/: vt. 阻礙
