Spring Boot筆記(5)web開發(fā)_2

5)、CRUD-員工列表

實驗要求:

1)、RestfulCRUD:CRUD滿足Rest風(fēng)格;

URI: /資源名稱/資源標(biāo)識 HTTP請求方式區(qū)分對資源CRUD操作

普通CRUD(uri來區(qū)分操作) RestfulCRUD
查詢 getEmp emp---GET
添加 addEmp?xxx emp---POST
修改 updateEmp?id=xxx&xxx=xx emp/{id}---PUT
刪除 deleteEmp?id=1 emp/{id}---DELETE

2)、實驗的請求架構(gòu);

實驗功能 請求URI 請求方式
查詢所有員工 emps GET
查詢某個員工(來到修改頁面) emp/1 GET
來到添加頁面 emp GET
添加員工 emp POST
來到修改頁面(查出員工進行信息回顯) emp/1 GET
修改員工 emp PUT
刪除員工 emp/1 DELETE

3)、員工列表:

thymeleaf公共頁面元素抽取

1、抽取公共片段
<div th:fragment="copy">
&copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</div>

2、引入公共片段
<div th:insert="~{footer :: copy}"></div>
~{templatename::selector}:模板名::選擇器
~{templatename::fragmentname}:模板名::片段名

3、默認(rèn)效果:
insert的公共片段在div標(biāo)簽中
如果使用th:insert等屬性進行引入,可以不用寫~{}:
行內(nèi)寫法可以加上:[[~{}]];[(~{})];

三種引入公共片段的th屬性:

th:insert:將公共片段整個插入到聲明引入的元素中

th:replace:將聲明引入的元素替換為公共片段

th:include:將被引入的片段的內(nèi)容包含進這個標(biāo)簽中

<footer th:fragment="copy">
&copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</footer>

引入方式
<div th:insert="footer :: copy"></div>
<div th:replace="footer :: copy"></div>
<div th:include="footer :: copy"></div>

效果
<div>
    <footer>
    &copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
    </footer>
</div>

<footer>
&copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</footer>

<div>
&copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</div>

引入片段的時候傳入?yún)?shù):


<nav class="col-md-2 d-none d-md-block bg-light sidebar" id="sidebar">
    <div class="sidebar-sticky">
        <ul class="nav flex-column">
            <li class="nav-item">
                <a class="nav-link active"
                   th:class="${activeUri=='main.html'?'nav-link active':'nav-link'}"
                   href="#" th:href="@{/main.html}">
                    <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="feather feather-home">
                        <path d="M3 9l9-7 9 7v11a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2z"></path>
                        <polyline points="9 22 9 12 15 12 15 22"></polyline>
                    </svg>
                    Dashboard <span class="sr-only">(current)</span>
                </a>
            </li>

<!--引入側(cè)邊欄;傳入?yún)?shù)-->
<div th:replace="commons/bar::#sidebar(activeUri='emps')"></div>

6)、CRUD-員工添加

添加頁面

<form>
    <div class="form-group">
        <label>LastName</label>
        <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan">
    </div>
    <div class="form-group">
        <label>Email</label>
        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan@atguigu.com">
    </div>
    <div class="form-group">
        <label>Gender</label><br/>
        <div class="form-check form-check-inline">
            <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender"  value="1">
            <label class="form-check-label">男</label>
        </div>
        <div class="form-check form-check-inline">
            <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender"  value="0">
            <label class="form-check-label">女</label>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="form-group">
        <label>department</label>
        <select class="form-control">
            <option>1</option>
            <option>2</option>
            <option>3</option>
            <option>4</option>
            <option>5</option>
        </select>
    </div>
    <div class="form-group">
        <label>Birth</label>
        <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan">
    </div>
    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">添加</button>
</form>

提交的數(shù)據(jù)格式不對:生日:日期;

2017-12-12;2017/12/12;2017.12.12;

日期的格式化;SpringMVC將頁面提交的值需要轉(zhuǎn)換為指定的類型;

2017-12-12---Date; 類型轉(zhuǎn)換,格式化;

默認(rèn)日期是按照/的方式;

7)、CRUD-員工修改

修改添加二合一表單

<!--需要區(qū)分是員工修改還是添加;-->
<form th:action="@{/emp}" method="post">
    <!--發(fā)送put請求修改員工數(shù)據(jù)-->
    <!--
1、SpringMVC中配置HiddenHttpMethodFilter;(SpringBoot自動配置好的)
2、頁面創(chuàng)建一個post表單
3、創(chuàng)建一個input項,name="_method";值就是我們指定的請求方式
-->
    <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="put" th:if="${emp!=null}"/>
    <input type="hidden" name="id" th:if="${emp!=null}" th:value="${emp.id}">
    <div class="form-group">
        <label>LastName</label>
        <input name="lastName" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan" th:value="${emp!=null}?${emp.lastName}">
    </div>
    <div class="form-group">
        <label>Email</label>
        <input name="email" type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan@atguigu.com" th:value="${emp!=null}?${emp.email}">
    </div>
    <div class="form-group">
        <label>Gender</label><br/>
        <div class="form-check form-check-inline">
            <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender" value="1" th:checked="${emp!=null}?${emp.gender==1}">
            <label class="form-check-label">男</label>
        </div>
        <div class="form-check form-check-inline">
            <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender" value="0" th:checked="${emp!=null}?${emp.gender==0}">
            <label class="form-check-label">女</label>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="form-group">
        <label>department</label>
        <!--提交的是部門的id-->
        <select class="form-control" name="department.id">
            <option th:selected="${emp!=null}?${dept.id == emp.department.id}" th:value="${dept.id}" th:each="dept:${depts}" th:text="${dept.departmentName}">1</option>
        </select>
    </div>
    <div class="form-group">
        <label>Birth</label>
        <input name="birth" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan" th:value="${emp!=null}?${#dates.format(emp.birth, 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm')}">
    </div>
    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" th:text="${emp!=null}?'修改':'添加'">添加</button>
</form>

8)、CRUD-員工刪除

<tr th:each="emp:${emps}">
    <td th:text="${emp.id}"></td>
    <td>[[${emp.lastName}]]</td>
    <td th:text="${emp.email}"></td>
    <td th:text="${emp.gender}==0?'女':'男'"></td>
    <td th:text="${emp.department.departmentName}"></td>
    <td th:text="${#dates.format(emp.birth, 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm')}"></td>
    <td>
        <a class="btn btn-sm btn-primary" th:href="@{/emp/}+${emp.id}">編輯</a>
        <button th:attr="del_uri=@{/emp/}+${emp.id}" class="btn btn-sm btn-danger deleteBtn">刪除</button>
    </td>
</tr>


<script>
    $(".deleteBtn").click(function(){
        //刪除當(dāng)前員工的
        $("#deleteEmpForm").attr("action",$(this).attr("del_uri")).submit();
        return false;
    });
</script>

7、錯誤處理機制

1)、SpringBoot默認(rèn)的錯誤處理機制

默認(rèn)效果:

? 1)、瀏覽器,返回一個默認(rèn)的錯誤頁面

瀏覽器發(fā)送請求的請求頭:


? 2)、如果是其他客戶端,默認(rèn)響應(yīng)一個json數(shù)據(jù)


?

原理:

? 可以參照ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration;錯誤處理的自動配置;

給容器中添加了以下組件

? 1、DefaultErrorAttributes:

幫我們在頁面共享信息;
@Override
    public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes,
            boolean includeStackTrace) {
        Map<String, Object> errorAttributes = new LinkedHashMap<String, Object>();
        errorAttributes.put("timestamp", new Date());
        addStatus(errorAttributes, requestAttributes);
        addErrorDetails(errorAttributes, requestAttributes, includeStackTrace);
        addPath(errorAttributes, requestAttributes);
        return errorAttributes;
    }

? 2、BasicErrorController:處理默認(rèn)/error請求

@Controller
@RequestMapping("${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}")
public class BasicErrorController extends AbstractErrorController {
    
    @RequestMapping(produces = "text/html")//產(chǎn)生html類型的數(shù)據(jù);瀏覽器發(fā)送的請求來到這個方法處理
    public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request,
            HttpServletResponse response) {
        HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
        Map<String, Object> model = Collections.unmodifiableMap(getErrorAttributes(
                request, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML)));
        response.setStatus(status.value());
        
        //去哪個頁面作為錯誤頁面;包含頁面地址和頁面內(nèi)容
        ModelAndView modelAndView = resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model);
        return (modelAndView == null ? new ModelAndView("error", model) : modelAndView);
    }

    @RequestMapping
    @ResponseBody    //產(chǎn)生json數(shù)據(jù),其他客戶端來到這個方法處理;
    public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> error(HttpServletRequest request) {
        Map<String, Object> body = getErrorAttributes(request,
                isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.ALL));
        HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
        return new ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>>(body, status);
    }

? 3、ErrorPageCustomizer:

    @Value("${error.path:/error}")
    private String path = "/error";  系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)錯誤以后來到error請求進行處理;(web.xml注冊的錯誤頁面規(guī)則)

? 4、DefaultErrorViewResolver:

@Override
    public ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request, HttpStatus status,
            Map<String, Object> model) {
        ModelAndView modelAndView = resolve(String.valueOf(status), model);
        if (modelAndView == null && SERIES_VIEWS.containsKey(status.series())) {
            modelAndView = resolve(SERIES_VIEWS.get(status.series()), model);
        }
        return modelAndView;
    }

    private ModelAndView resolve(String viewName, Map<String, Object> model) {
        //默認(rèn)SpringBoot可以去找到一個頁面?  error/404
        String errorViewName = "error/" + viewName;
        
        //模板引擎可以解析這個頁面地址就用模板引擎解析
        TemplateAvailabilityProvider provider = this.templateAvailabilityProviders
                .getProvider(errorViewName, this.applicationContext);
        if (provider != null) {
            //模板引擎可用的情況下返回到errorViewName指定的視圖地址
            return new ModelAndView(errorViewName, model);
        }
        //模板引擎不可用,就在靜態(tài)資源文件夾下找errorViewName對應(yīng)的頁面   error/404.html
        return resolveResource(errorViewName, model);
    }

? 步驟:

? 一但系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)4xx或者5xx之類的錯誤;ErrorPageCustomizer就會生效(定制錯誤的響應(yīng)規(guī)則);就會來到/error請求;就會被BasicErrorController處理;

? 1)響應(yīng)頁面;去哪個頁面是由DefaultErrorViewResolver解析得到的;

protected ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request,
      HttpServletResponse response, HttpStatus status, Map<String, Object> model) {
    //所有的ErrorViewResolver得到ModelAndView
   for (ErrorViewResolver resolver : this.errorViewResolvers) {
      ModelAndView modelAndView = resolver.resolveErrorView(request, status, model);
      if (modelAndView != null) {
         return modelAndView;
      }
   }
   return null;
}

2)、如果定制錯誤響應(yīng):

1)、如何定制錯誤的頁面;

? 1)、有模板引擎的情況下;error/狀態(tài)碼; 【將錯誤頁面命名為 錯誤狀態(tài)碼.html 放在模板引擎文件夾里面的 error文件夾下】,發(fā)生此狀態(tài)碼的錯誤就會來到 對應(yīng)的頁面;

? 我們可以使用4xx和5xx作為錯誤頁面的文件名來匹配這種類型的所有錯誤,精確優(yōu)先(優(yōu)先尋找精確的狀態(tài)碼.html);

? 頁面能獲取的信息;

? timestamp:時間戳

? status:狀態(tài)碼

? error:錯誤提示

? exception:異常對象

? message:異常消息

? errors:JSR303數(shù)據(jù)校驗的錯誤都在這里

? 2)、沒有模板引擎(模板引擎找不到這個錯誤頁面),靜態(tài)資源文件夾下找;

? 3)、以上都沒有錯誤頁面,就是默認(rèn)來到SpringBoot默認(rèn)的錯誤提示頁面;

2)、如何定制錯誤的json數(shù)據(jù);

? 1)、自定義異常處理&返回定制json數(shù)據(jù);

@ControllerAdvice
public class MyExceptionHandler {

    @ResponseBody
    @ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class)
    public Map<String,Object> handleException(Exception e){
        Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("code","user.notexist");
        map.put("message",e.getMessage());
        return map;
    }
}
//沒有自適應(yīng)效果...

? 2)、轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到/error進行自適應(yīng)響應(yīng)效果處理

 @ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class)
    public String handleException(Exception e, HttpServletRequest request){
        Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
        //傳入我們自己的錯誤狀態(tài)碼  4xx 5xx,否則就不會進入定制錯誤頁面的解析流程
        /**
         * Integer statusCode = (Integer) request
         .getAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code");
         */
        request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code",500);
        map.put("code","user.notexist");
        map.put("message",e.getMessage());
        //轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到/error
        return "forward:/error";
    }

3)、將我們的定制數(shù)據(jù)攜帶出去;

出現(xiàn)錯誤以后,會來到/error請求,會被BasicErrorController處理,響應(yīng)出去可以獲取的數(shù)據(jù)是由getErrorAttributes得到的(是AbstractErrorController(ErrorController)規(guī)定的方法);

? 1、完全來編寫一個ErrorController的實現(xiàn)類【或者是編寫AbstractErrorController的子類】,放在容器中;

? 2、頁面上能用的數(shù)據(jù),或者是json返回能用的數(shù)據(jù)都是通過errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes得到;

? 容器中DefaultErrorAttributes.getErrorAttributes();默認(rèn)進行數(shù)據(jù)處理的;

自定義ErrorAttributes

//給容器中加入我們自己定義的ErrorAttributes
@Component
public class MyErrorAttributes extends DefaultErrorAttributes {

    @Override
    public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes, boolean includeStackTrace) {
        Map<String, Object> map = super.getErrorAttributes(requestAttributes, includeStackTrace);
        map.put("company","atguigu");
        return map;
    }
}

最終的效果:響應(yīng)是自適應(yīng)的,可以通過定制ErrorAttributes改變需要返回的內(nèi)容,

[圖片上傳失敗...(image-3811a3-1564912542536)]

8、配置嵌入式Servlet容器

SpringBoot默認(rèn)使用Tomcat作為嵌入式的Servlet容器;


問題?

1)、如何定制和修改Servlet容器的相關(guān)配置;

1、修改和server有關(guān)的配置(ServerProperties【也是EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer】);

server.port=8081
server.context-path=/crud

server.tomcat.uri-encoding=UTF-8

//通用的Servlet容器設(shè)置
server.xxx
//Tomcat的設(shè)置
server.tomcat.xxx

2、編寫一個EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer:嵌入式的Servlet容器的定制器;來修改Servlet容器的配置

@Bean  //一定要將這個定制器加入到容器中
public EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer embeddedServletContainerCustomizer(){
    return new EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer() {

        //定制嵌入式的Servlet容器相關(guān)的規(guī)則
        @Override
        public void customize(ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer container) {
            container.setPort(8083);
        }
    };
}

2)、注冊Servlet三大組件【Servlet、Filter、Listener】

由于SpringBoot默認(rèn)是以jar包的方式啟動嵌入式的Servlet容器來啟動SpringBoot的web應(yīng)用,沒有web.xml文件。

注冊三大組件用以下方式

ServletRegistrationBean

//注冊三大組件
@Bean
public ServletRegistrationBean myServlet(){
    ServletRegistrationBean registrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean(new MyServlet(),"/myServlet");
    return registrationBean;
}

FilterRegistrationBean

@Bean
public FilterRegistrationBean myFilter(){
    FilterRegistrationBean registrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean();
    registrationBean.setFilter(new MyFilter());
    registrationBean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/hello","/myServlet"));
    return registrationBean;
}

ServletListenerRegistrationBean

@Bean
public ServletListenerRegistrationBean myListener(){
    ServletListenerRegistrationBean<MyListener> registrationBean = new ServletListenerRegistrationBean<>(new MyListener());
    return registrationBean;
}

SpringBoot幫我們自動SpringMVC的時候,自動的注冊SpringMVC的前端控制器;DIspatcherServlet;

DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration中:

@Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME)
@ConditionalOnBean(value = DispatcherServlet.class, name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME)
public ServletRegistrationBean dispatcherServletRegistration(
      DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet) {
   ServletRegistrationBean registration = new ServletRegistrationBean(
         dispatcherServlet, this.serverProperties.getServletMapping());
    //默認(rèn)攔截: /  所有請求;包靜態(tài)資源,但是不攔截jsp請求;   /*會攔截jsp
    //可以通過server.servletPath來修改SpringMVC前端控制器默認(rèn)攔截的請求路徑
    
   registration.setName(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME);
   registration.setLoadOnStartup(
         this.webMvcProperties.getServlet().getLoadOnStartup());
   if (this.multipartConfig != null) {
      registration.setMultipartConfig(this.multipartConfig);
   }
   return registration;
}

2)、SpringBoot能不能支持其他的Servlet容器;

3)、替換為其他嵌入式Servlet容器

默認(rèn)支持:

Tomcat(默認(rèn)使用)

<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
   引入web模塊默認(rèn)就是使用嵌入式的Tomcat作為Servlet容器;
</dependency>

Jetty

<!-- 引入web模塊 -->
<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
   <exclusions>
      <exclusion>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      </exclusion>
   </exclusions>
</dependency>

<!--引入其他的Servlet容器-->
<dependency>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
</dependency>

Undertow

<!-- 引入web模塊 -->
<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
   <exclusions>
      <exclusion>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      </exclusion>
   </exclusions>
</dependency>

<!--引入其他的Servlet容器-->
<dependency>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-undertow</artifactId>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
</dependency>

4)、嵌入式Servlet容器自動配置原理;

EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration:嵌入式的Servlet容器自動配置?

@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnWebApplication
@Import(BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar.class)
//導(dǎo)入BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar:Spring注解版;給容器中導(dǎo)入一些組件
//導(dǎo)入了EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor:
//后置處理器:bean初始化前后(創(chuàng)建完對象,還沒賦值賦值)執(zhí)行初始化工作
public class EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration {
    
    @Configuration
    @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Tomcat.class })//判斷當(dāng)前是否引入了Tomcat依賴;
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)//判斷當(dāng)前容器沒有用戶自己定義EmbeddedServletContainerFactory:嵌入式的Servlet容器工廠;作用:創(chuàng)建嵌入式的Servlet容器
    public static class EmbeddedTomcat {

        @Bean
        public TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory tomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
            return new TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
        }

    }
    
    /**
     * Nested configuration if Jetty is being used.
     */
    @Configuration
    @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Server.class, Loader.class,
            WebAppContext.class })
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
    public static class EmbeddedJetty {

        @Bean
        public JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory jettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
            return new JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
        }

    }

    /**
     * Nested configuration if Undertow is being used.
     */
    @Configuration
    @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Undertow.class, SslClientAuthMode.class })
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
    public static class EmbeddedUndertow {

        @Bean
        public UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory undertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
            return new UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
        }

    }

1)、EmbeddedServletContainerFactory(嵌入式Servlet容器工廠)

public interface EmbeddedServletContainerFactory {

   //獲取嵌入式的Servlet容器
   EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer(
         ServletContextInitializer... initializers);

}

2)、EmbeddedServletContainer:(嵌入式的Servlet容器)

3)、以TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory為例

@Override
public EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer(
      ServletContextInitializer... initializers) {
    //創(chuàng)建一個Tomcat
   Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
    
    //配置Tomcat的基本環(huán)節(jié)
   File baseDir = (this.baseDirectory != null ? this.baseDirectory
         : createTempDir("tomcat"));
   tomcat.setBaseDir(baseDir.getAbsolutePath());
   Connector connector = new Connector(this.protocol);
   tomcat.getService().addConnector(connector);
   customizeConnector(connector);
   tomcat.setConnector(connector);
   tomcat.getHost().setAutoDeploy(false);
   configureEngine(tomcat.getEngine());
   for (Connector additionalConnector : this.additionalTomcatConnectors) {
      tomcat.getService().addConnector(additionalConnector);
   }
   prepareContext(tomcat.getHost(), initializers);
    
    //將配置好的Tomcat傳入進去,返回一個EmbeddedServletContainer;并且啟動Tomcat服務(wù)器
   return getTomcatEmbeddedServletContainer(tomcat);
}

4)、我們對嵌入式容器的配置修改是怎么生效?

ServerProperties、EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer

EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer:定制器幫我們修改了Servlet容器的配置?

怎么修改的原理?

5)、容器中導(dǎo)入了EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor

//初始化之前
@Override
public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName)
      throws BeansException {
    //如果當(dāng)前初始化的是一個ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer類型的組件
   if (bean instanceof ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) {
       //
      postProcessBeforeInitialization((ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) bean);
   }
   return bean;
}

private void postProcessBeforeInitialization(
            ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer bean) {
    //獲取所有的定制器,調(diào)用每一個定制器的customize方法來給Servlet容器進行屬性賦值;
    for (EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer customizer : getCustomizers()) {
        customizer.customize(bean);
    }
}

private Collection<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer> getCustomizers() {
    if (this.customizers == null) {
        // Look up does not include the parent context
        this.customizers = new ArrayList<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer>(
            this.beanFactory
            //從容器中獲取所有這葛類型的組件:EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer
            //定制Servlet容器,給容器中可以添加一個EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer類型的組件
            .getBeansOfType(EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer.class,
                            false, false)
            .values());
        Collections.sort(this.customizers, AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.INSTANCE);
        this.customizers = Collections.unmodifiableList(this.customizers);
    }
    return this.customizers;
}

ServerProperties也是定制器

步驟:

1)、SpringBoot根據(jù)導(dǎo)入的依賴情況,給容器中添加相應(yīng)的EmbeddedServletContainerFactory【TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory】

2)、容器中某個組件要創(chuàng)建對象就會驚動后置處理器;EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor;

只要是嵌入式的Servlet容器工廠,后置處理器就工作;

3)、后置處理器,從容器中獲取所有的EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer,調(diào)用定制器的定制方法

5)、嵌入式Servlet容器啟動原理;

什么時候創(chuàng)建嵌入式的Servlet容器工廠?什么時候獲取嵌入式的Servlet容器并啟動Tomcat;

獲取嵌入式的Servlet容器工廠:

1)、SpringBoot應(yīng)用啟動運行run方法

2)、refreshContext(context);SpringBoot刷新IOC容器【創(chuàng)建IOC容器對象,并初始化容器,創(chuàng)建容器中的每一個組件】;如果是web應(yīng)用創(chuàng)建AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext,否則:AnnotationConfigApplicationContext

3)、refresh(context);刷新剛才創(chuàng)建好的ioc容器;

public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
   synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
      // Prepare this context for refreshing.
      prepareRefresh();

      // Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.
      ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();

      // Prepare the bean factory for use in this context.
      prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);

      try {
         // Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.
         postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);

         // Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.
         invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);

         // Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.
         registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);

         // Initialize message source for this context.
         initMessageSource();

         // Initialize event multicaster for this context.
         initApplicationEventMulticaster();

         // Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.
         onRefresh();

         // Check for listener beans and register them.
         registerListeners();

         // Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
         finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);

         // Last step: publish corresponding event.
         finishRefresh();
      }

      catch (BeansException ex) {
         if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
            logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - " +
                  "cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex);
         }

         // Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources.
         destroyBeans();

         // Reset 'active' flag.
         cancelRefresh(ex);

         // Propagate exception to caller.
         throw ex;
      }

      finally {
         // Reset common introspection caches in Spring's core, since we
         // might not ever need metadata for singleton beans anymore...
         resetCommonCaches();
      }
   }
}

4)、 onRefresh(); web的ioc容器重寫了onRefresh方法

5)、webioc容器會創(chuàng)建嵌入式的Servlet容器;createEmbeddedServletContainer();

6)、獲取嵌入式的Servlet容器工廠:

EmbeddedServletContainerFactory containerFactory = getEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();

? 從ioc容器中獲取EmbeddedServletContainerFactory 組件;TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory創(chuàng)建對象,后置處理器一看是這個對象,就獲取所有的定制器來先定制Servlet容器的相關(guān)配置;

7)、使用容器工廠獲取嵌入式的Servlet容器:this.embeddedServletContainer = containerFactory .getEmbeddedServletContainer(getSelfInitializer());

8)、嵌入式的Servlet容器創(chuàng)建對象并啟動Servlet容器;

先啟動嵌入式的Servlet容器,再將ioc容器中剩下沒有創(chuàng)建出的對象獲取出來;

==IOC容器啟動創(chuàng)建嵌入式的Servlet容器==

9、使用外置的Servlet容器

嵌入式Servlet容器:應(yīng)用打成可執(zhí)行的jar

? 優(yōu)點:簡單、便攜;

? 缺點:默認(rèn)不支持JSP、優(yōu)化定制比較復(fù)雜(使用定制器【ServerProperties、自定義EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer】,自己編寫嵌入式Servlet容器的創(chuàng)建工廠【EmbeddedServletContainerFactory】);

外置的Servlet容器:外面安裝Tomcat---應(yīng)用war包的方式打包;

步驟

1)、必須創(chuàng)建一個war項目;(利用idea創(chuàng)建好目錄結(jié)構(gòu))

2)、將嵌入式的Tomcat指定為provided;

<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
   <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>

3)、必須編寫一個SpringBootServletInitializer的子類,并調(diào)用configure方法

public class ServletInitializer extends SpringBootServletInitializer {

   @Override
   protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application) {
       //傳入SpringBoot應(yīng)用的主程序
      return application.sources(SpringBoot04WebJspApplication.class);
   }

}

4)、啟動服務(wù)器就可以使用;

原理

jar包:執(zhí)行SpringBoot主類的main方法,啟動ioc容器,創(chuàng)建嵌入式的Servlet容器;

war包:啟動服務(wù)器,服務(wù)器啟動SpringBoot應(yīng)用【SpringBootServletInitializer】,啟動ioc容器;

servlet3.0(Spring注解版):

8.2.4 Shared libraries / runtimes pluggability:

規(guī)則:

? 1)、服務(wù)器啟動(web應(yīng)用啟動)會創(chuàng)建當(dāng)前web應(yīng)用里面每一個jar包里面ServletContainerInitializer實例:

? 2)、ServletContainerInitializer的實現(xiàn)放在jar包的META-INF/services文件夾下,有一個名為javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer的文件,內(nèi)容就是ServletContainerInitializer的實現(xiàn)類的全類名

? 3)、還可以使用@HandlesTypes,在應(yīng)用啟動的時候加載我們感興趣的類;

流程:

1)、啟動Tomcat

2)、org\springframework\spring-web\4.3.14.RELEASE\spring-web-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar!\META-INF\services\javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer:

Spring的web模塊里面有這個文件:org.springframework.web.SpringServletContainerInitializer

3)、SpringServletContainerInitializer將@HandlesTypes(WebApplicationInitializer.class)標(biāo)注的所有這個類型的類都傳入到onStartup方法的Set<Class<?>>;為這些WebApplicationInitializer類型的類創(chuàng)建實例;

4)、每一個WebApplicationInitializer都調(diào)用自己的onStartup;


5)、相當(dāng)于我們的SpringBootServletInitializer的類會被創(chuàng)建對象,并執(zhí)行onStartup方法

6)、SpringBootServletInitializer實例執(zhí)行onStartup的時候會createRootApplicationContext;創(chuàng)建容器

protected WebApplicationContext createRootApplicationContext(
      ServletContext servletContext) {
    //1、創(chuàng)建SpringApplicationBuilder
   SpringApplicationBuilder builder = createSpringApplicationBuilder();
   StandardServletEnvironment environment = new StandardServletEnvironment();
   environment.initPropertySources(servletContext, null);
   builder.environment(environment);
   builder.main(getClass());
   ApplicationContext parent = getExistingRootWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
   if (parent != null) {
      this.logger.info("Root context already created (using as parent).");
      servletContext.setAttribute(
            WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, null);
      builder.initializers(new ParentContextApplicationContextInitializer(parent));
   }
   builder.initializers(
         new ServletContextApplicationContextInitializer(servletContext));
   builder.contextClass(AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext.class);
    
    //調(diào)用configure方法,子類重寫了這個方法,將SpringBoot的主程序類傳入了進來
   builder = configure(builder);
    
    //使用builder創(chuàng)建一個Spring應(yīng)用
   SpringApplication application = builder.build();
   if (application.getSources().isEmpty() && AnnotationUtils
         .findAnnotation(getClass(), Configuration.class) != null) {
      application.getSources().add(getClass());
   }
   Assert.state(!application.getSources().isEmpty(),
         "No SpringApplication sources have been defined. Either override the "
               + "configure method or add an @Configuration annotation");
   // Ensure error pages are registered
   if (this.registerErrorPageFilter) {
      application.getSources().add(ErrorPageFilterConfiguration.class);
   }
    //啟動Spring應(yīng)用
   return run(application);
}

7)、Spring的應(yīng)用就啟動并且創(chuàng)建IOC容器

public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
   StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
   stopWatch.start();
   ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
   FailureAnalyzers analyzers = null;
   configureHeadlessProperty();
   SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
   listeners.starting();
   try {
      ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(
            args);
      ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners,
            applicationArguments);
      Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);
      context = createApplicationContext();
      analyzers = new FailureAnalyzers(context);
      prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments,
            printedBanner);
       
       //刷新IOC容器
      refreshContext(context);
      afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
      listeners.finished(context, null);
      stopWatch.stop();
      if (this.logStartupInfo) {
         new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass)
               .logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
      }
      return context;
   }
   catch (Throwable ex) {
      handleRunFailure(context, listeners, analyzers, ex);
      throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
   }
}

==啟動Servlet容器,再啟動SpringBoot應(yīng)用==

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