版本記錄
| 版本號(hào) | 時(shí)間 |
|---|---|
| V1.0 | 2018.02.27 |
前言
我們做APP發(fā)起網(wǎng)絡(luò)請(qǐng)求,都離不開(kāi)一個(gè)非常有用的框架AFNetworking,可以說(shuō)這個(gè)框架的知名度已經(jīng)超過(guò)了蘋果的底層網(wǎng)絡(luò)請(qǐng)求部分,很多人可能不知道蘋果底層是如何發(fā)起網(wǎng)絡(luò)請(qǐng)求的,但是一定知道
AFNetworking,接下來(lái)幾篇我們就一起詳細(xì)的解析一下這個(gè)框架。
整體了解

首先我們就看一下AFN在GitHub中的地址 —— AFN
下面是AFN的一個(gè)作者

下面看一下框架的基本結(jié)構(gòu)

安裝
安裝有兩種方式CocoaPods和Carthage
- CocoaPods
使用CocoaPods,用下面命令安裝CocoaPods
$ gem install cocoapods
構(gòu)建
AFNetworking 3.0.0+需要CocoaPods 0.39.0+版本
按照下面方式修改Podfile
source 'https://github.com/CocoaPods/Specs.git'
platform :ios, '8.0'
target 'TargetName' do
pod 'AFNetworking', '~> 3.0'
end
運(yùn)行下面代碼,安裝
$ pod install
- Carthage
使用Homebrew以及下面的命令行安裝Carthage
$ brew update
$ brew install carthage
在Cartfile文件中,指定要集成到xcode項(xiàng)目中的AFN版本
github "AFNetworking/AFNetworking" ~> 3.0
運(yùn)行carthage構(gòu)建庫(kù),并將構(gòu)建好的AFNetworking.framework拖動(dòng)到xcode的項(xiàng)目中。
版本需求

詳細(xì)架構(gòu)
下面我們就看一下AFN的詳細(xì)架構(gòu)。
NSURLSession
AFURLSessionManagerAFHTTPSessionManager
Serialization
-
<AFURLRequestSerialization>AFHTTPRequestSerializerAFJSONRequestSerializerAFPropertyListRequestSerializer
-
<AFURLResponseSerialization>AFHTTPResponseSerializerAFJSONResponseSerializerAFXMLParserResponseSerializer-
AFXMLDocumentResponseSerializer(macOS) AFPropertyListResponseSerializerAFImageResponseSerializerAFCompoundResponseSerializer
Additional Functionality
AFSecurityPolicyAFNetworkReachabilityManager
也可以參考下面的圖

使用
1. AFURLSessionManager
AFURLSessionManager基于遵循<NSURLSessionTaskDelegate>,<NSURLSessionDataDelegate>,<NSURLSessionDownloadDelegate>和<NSURLSessionDelegate>的指定NSURLSessionConfiguration對(duì)象創(chuàng)建和管理NSURLSession對(duì)象。
Creating a Download Task - 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)Download Task
NSURLSessionConfiguration *configuration = [NSURLSessionConfiguration defaultSessionConfiguration];
AFURLSessionManager *manager = [[AFURLSessionManager alloc] initWithSessionConfiguration:configuration];
NSURL *URL = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://example.com/download.zip"];
NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:URL];
NSURLSessionDownloadTask *downloadTask = [manager downloadTaskWithRequest:request progress:nil destination:^NSURL *(NSURL *targetPath, NSURLResponse *response) {
NSURL *documentsDirectoryURL = [[NSFileManager defaultManager] URLForDirectory:NSDocumentDirectory inDomain:NSUserDomainMask appropriateForURL:nil create:NO error:nil];
return [documentsDirectoryURL URLByAppendingPathComponent:[response suggestedFilename]];
} completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse *response, NSURL *filePath, NSError *error) {
NSLog(@"File downloaded to: %@", filePath);
}];
[downloadTask resume];
Creating an Upload Task - 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)Upload Task
NSURLSessionConfiguration *configuration = [NSURLSessionConfiguration defaultSessionConfiguration];
AFURLSessionManager *manager = [[AFURLSessionManager alloc] initWithSessionConfiguration:configuration];
NSURL *URL = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://example.com/upload"];
NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:URL];
NSURL *filePath = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:@"file://path/to/image.png"];
NSURLSessionUploadTask *uploadTask = [manager uploadTaskWithRequest:request fromFile:filePath progress:nil completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse *response, id responseObject, NSError *error) {
if (error) {
NSLog(@"Error: %@", error);
} else {
NSLog(@"Success: %@ %@", response, responseObject);
}
}];
[uploadTask resume];
Creating an Upload Task for a Multi-Part Request, with Progress - 為具有進(jìn)度的多部分請(qǐng)求創(chuàng)建上傳任務(wù)
NSMutableURLRequest *request = [[AFHTTPRequestSerializer serializer] multipartFormRequestWithMethod:@"POST" URLString:@"http://example.com/upload" parameters:nil constructingBodyWithBlock:^(id<AFMultipartFormData> formData) {
[formData appendPartWithFileURL:[NSURL fileURLWithPath:@"file://path/to/image.jpg"] name:@"file" fileName:@"filename.jpg" mimeType:@"image/jpeg" error:nil];
} error:nil];
AFURLSessionManager *manager = [[AFURLSessionManager alloc] initWithSessionConfiguration:[NSURLSessionConfiguration defaultSessionConfiguration]];
NSURLSessionUploadTask *uploadTask;
uploadTask = [manager
uploadTaskWithStreamedRequest:request
progress:^(NSProgress * _Nonnull uploadProgress) {
// This is not called back on the main queue.
// You are responsible for dispatching to the main queue for UI updates
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
//Update the progress view
[progressView setProgress:uploadProgress.fractionCompleted];
});
}
completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse * _Nonnull response, id _Nullable responseObject, NSError * _Nullable error) {
if (error) {
NSLog(@"Error: %@", error);
} else {
NSLog(@"%@ %@", response, responseObject);
}
}];
[uploadTask resume];
Creating a Data Task - 創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)任務(wù)
NSURLSessionConfiguration *configuration = [NSURLSessionConfiguration defaultSessionConfiguration];
AFURLSessionManager *manager = [[AFURLSessionManager alloc] initWithSessionConfiguration:configuration];
NSURL *URL = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://httpbin.org/get"];
NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:URL];
NSURLSessionDataTask *dataTask = [manager dataTaskWithRequest:request completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse *response, id responseObject, NSError *error) {
if (error) {
NSLog(@"Error: %@", error);
} else {
NSLog(@"%@ %@", response, responseObject);
}
}];
[dataTask resume];
2. Request Serialization
請(qǐng)求序列化器從URL字符串創(chuàng)建請(qǐng)求,將參數(shù)編碼為查詢字符串或HTTP正文。
NSString *URLString = @"http://example.com";
NSDictionary *parameters = @{@"foo": @"bar", @"baz": @[@1, @2, @3]};
Query String Parameter Encoding - 查詢字符串參數(shù)編碼
[[AFHTTPRequestSerializer serializer] requestWithMethod:@"GET" URLString:URLString parameters:parameters error:nil];
GET http://example.com?foo=bar&baz[]=1&baz[]=2&baz[]=3
URL Form Parameter Encoding - URL表單參數(shù)編碼
[[AFHTTPRequestSerializer serializer] requestWithMethod:@"POST" URLString:URLString parameters:parameters error:nil];
POST http://example.com/
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
foo=bar&baz[]=1&baz[]=2&baz[]=3
JSON Parameter Encoding - JSON參數(shù)編碼
[[AFJSONRequestSerializer serializer] requestWithMethod:@"POST" URLString:URLString parameters:parameters error:nil];
POST http://example.com/
Content-Type: application/json
{"foo": "bar", "baz": [1,2,3]}
3. Network Reachability Manager
AFNetworkReachabilityManager監(jiān)控域的可達(dá)性,以及WWAN和WiFi網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口的地址。
- 不要使用Reachability來(lái)確定是否應(yīng)發(fā)送原始請(qǐng)求。
- 你應(yīng)該嘗試發(fā)送它。
- 您可以使用Reachability來(lái)確定何時(shí)應(yīng)該自動(dòng)重試請(qǐng)求。
- 雖然它可能仍然失敗,但是連接可用的可達(dá)性通知是重試某件事的好時(shí)機(jī)。
- 網(wǎng)絡(luò)可達(dá)性是確定請(qǐng)求失敗原因的有用工具。
- 在網(wǎng)絡(luò)請(qǐng)求失敗后,告訴用戶他們處于離線狀態(tài)比向他們提供更加技術(shù)性但準(zhǔn)確的錯(cuò)誤(如“請(qǐng)求超時(shí)”)要好。
可以參考 WWDC 2012 session 706, "Networking Best Practices.
Shared Network Reachability
[[AFNetworkReachabilityManager sharedManager] setReachabilityStatusChangeBlock:^(AFNetworkReachabilityStatus status) {
NSLog(@"Reachability: %@", AFStringFromNetworkReachabilityStatus(status));
}];
[[AFNetworkReachabilityManager sharedManager] startMonitoring];
4. Security Policy
AFSecurityPolicy通過(guò)安全連接評(píng)估針對(duì)固定的X.509證書(shū)和公鑰的服務(wù)器信任。
將固定的SSL證書(shū)添加到您的應(yīng)用程序有助于防止中間人攻擊和其他漏洞。 強(qiáng)烈建議處理敏感客戶數(shù)據(jù)或財(cái)務(wù)信息的應(yīng)用程序通過(guò)HTTPS連接路由所有通信,并配置啟用SSL pinning。
Allowing Invalid SSL Certificates - 允許無(wú)效的SSL證書(shū)
AFHTTPSessionManager *manager = [AFHTTPSessionManager manager];
manager.securityPolicy.allowInvalidCertificates = YES; // not recommended for production
單元測(cè)試
AFNetworking在Tests子目錄中包含一套單元測(cè)試。 這些測(cè)試可以運(yùn)行,只需在您想測(cè)試的平臺(tái)框架上執(zhí)行測(cè)試操作即可。
后記
本篇作為AFNetworking的介紹篇,內(nèi)容主要來(lái)自GitHub,比較簡(jiǎn)單。后面會(huì)對(duì)源碼進(jìn)行深入分析,感興趣的可以關(guān)注我~~~
