一項(xiàng)新的研究表明：生過孩子的女人比那些沒有生過孩子的女人在生理上更老！
Women who give birth may be biologically "older" than women who don't, a new study suggests.
針對(duì)這項(xiàng)研究，研究人員分析了來自于1556名年齡在22歲到44歲之間的美國女性的血液樣本，這項(xiàng)調(diào)查從1999年持續(xù)到2002年。
For the study, the researchers analyzed information from 1,556 US women ages 20 to 44 who took part in a national survey from 1999 to 2002, which involved giving blood samples.
研究人員看著基因物質(zhì)進(jìn)入女性的細(xì)胞核，尤其是他們的染色體的長(zhǎng)度。這些物質(zhì)就像是染色體末端的帽子一樣，保護(hù)染色體免受傷害。研究表明染色體會(huì)自然變短當(dāng)人們年齡增長(zhǎng)的時(shí)候，但是其結(jié)構(gòu)變短的頻率每個(gè)人有所不同。一個(gè)人的染色體越長(zhǎng)，在假設(shè)上細(xì)胞的分裂次數(shù)更多。因此，染色體被認(rèn)為是生理年齡的標(biāo)志，不過，心理年齡指的是個(gè)人的細(xì)胞年齡而不是個(gè)體的時(shí)間年齡。
The researchers looked at the genetic material inside the women's cells, specifically the length of their telomeres. These are caps on the ends of chromosomes that protect the chromosomes from damage. Telomeres naturally shorten as people age, but the structures don't shorten at the same rate in every person. The longer a person's telomeres are, the more times their cells could hypothetically still divide, research has shown. Thus, telomeres are considered a marker of biological age — that is, the age of a person's cells, rather than the individual's chronological age.
在調(diào)查中，至少生過一個(gè)孩子的女性染色體的長(zhǎng)度平均比沒有生過孩子的女性染色體短4%。這個(gè)結(jié)果是研究人員在考慮了其他可能影響染色體長(zhǎng)度的因素之后得出的，包括女性的時(shí)間年齡、體質(zhì)指數(shù)和抽煙習(xí)慣。
Women in the survey who said they'd given birth to at least one child had telomeres that were about 4 percent shorter, on average, than those of women who'd never given birth. The findings held even after the researchers took into account other factors that could affect telomere length, including the women's chronological age, body mass index and smoking habits.
這些結(jié)果表明生育歷史可能和染色體的縮減相關(guān)，研究人員把這一結(jié)論寫在了丹佛舉行的美國公眾健康協(xié)會(huì)會(huì)議提案中。
These findings suggest that a "history of live birth may be associated with shorter telomeres," the researchers wrote in their abstract, which was presented at the meeting of the American Public Health Association in Denver.
研究人員說，這項(xiàng)研究并不是為了確定女性是否生孩子與染色體縮短之間的關(guān)系背后的原因。但是，科學(xué)家認(rèn)為有一個(gè)原因和染色體的縮短相關(guān)，那就是生孩子會(huì)使壓力水平上升，高壓和染色體的縮短相關(guān)。
The study was not designed to determine the reason behind the link, the researchers said. But one hypothesis is that having children increases stress levels, and high stress has been linked with shorter telomeres, the scientists said
“懷孕、生育和撫養(yǎng)孩子可能會(huì)增加慢性壓力，通過炎癥通道導(dǎo)致染色體長(zhǎng)度的縮短?！泵妨执髮W(xué)環(huán)境和生殖流行病專家教授助理Anna Pollack 說道。然而，因?yàn)檫@項(xiàng)調(diào)查以一個(gè)單一論點(diǎn)及時(shí)實(shí)施了，所以研究人員不能確定在女性生命中生育和染色體縮短哪個(gè)先出現(xiàn)，Pollack 說道。也有可能因?yàn)橐恍┈F(xiàn)在還不確定的原因，那些有著較短染色體的女性比擁有較長(zhǎng)染色體的女性更容易懷孕。
"It is possible that pregnancy, birth and child-rearing can induce chronic stress, leading to shorter telomere length perhaps through an inflammatory pathway," said study researcher Anna Pollack, an assistant professor and environmental and reproductive epidemiologist at George Mason University. However, because the survey was conducted at a single point in time, the researchers cannot determine which came first in the women's lives — giving birth or having shorter telomeres, Pollack said. It's also possible that for some yet-unknown reason, women with shorter telomeres are more likely than women with longer ones to have children, Pollack said.
她認(rèn)為需要進(jìn)行更多的研究對(duì)女性進(jìn)行長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的跟蹤調(diào)查，測(cè)量女性懷孕前、懷孕中、懷孕后的染色體的長(zhǎng)度。
More studies are needed that follow women over time and measure the length of their telomeres before, during and after pregnancy, she said.
觀察染色體在女性懷孕中、懷孕后和孩子撫養(yǎng)過程中的程度變化，以及這些變化和那些未懷孕女性的比較將會(huì)非常有趣。
"It would be interesting to see how telomere length changes during pregnancy, after birth and during the child-rearing years, and how these changes compare to women who do not have children," Pollack said.
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