Can hard work beat intelligence? ?勤奮可以戰(zhàn)勝天分嗎？

Popular Answer：Hard work always beat intelligence. Keeping working hard and you will get all your dreams realized.

公認(rèn)答案：勤奮確實可以打敗天分。只要堅持努力，你的夢想一定都能實現(xiàn)。

Realistic Answer：Intelligence is much superior to hard work. If you keep working hard without knowing the right way, you reach nowhere.

實際答案：天分比勤奮重要多了。如果你一直堅持努力，但方法錯誤，那你怎么努力都不會成功的。

My Explanation：

我的解釋：

Most people have answered that hard work is more important than knowledge.It is not because that is the reality but because we wish to hear this answer.

We wish to hear this answer because we believe that intelligence is unchangeable and we are born with it. Hard work is,however, in our hand as we can always force ourselves to work harder.

We don’t want to listen that intelligence more powerful because we would then feel helpless as hard-work can’t play. Little do we know that there are so many types of intelligences and most of them are simply immeasurable.

很多人都會說勤奮比天分更重要，人們這么說并不是因為這是事實，而是自己希望聽到這樣的回答。

我們希望聽到這樣的答案是因為我們深信天分是根深蒂固的，不為任何事情所轉(zhuǎn)移，我們生來就附帶了。而勤奮和努力，則是掌握在我們自己的手中，我們總是可以通過勤奮來逼自己一把。

What is Intelligence?

智力是什么？

In 1921, a classical symposium was convened by the editors of the Journal of Educational Psychology to discuss three questions

What is intelligence?

How can it be measured best?

What are the next most crucial steps in research?

The seventeen leading researchers participating in the event came up with fourteen different answers.

1921年，教育心理學(xué)雜志舉辦了一個經(jīng)典的座談會，座談會討論了三個問題。

智力是什么？

最有效衡量智力的方法是什么？

下一步的研究重點是什么？

17位頂尖專家參與了此次研究活動，并得到了14個不同的答案。

Sixty-five years later, in the year 1986,another attempt was made to comprehend intelligence by repeating the three questions. Twenty-seven leading international experts gathered to address the issue. But they too failed to arrive at any consensus. The 1986 forum threw up two dozen different definitions of intelligence; the inconsequent results reflecting the frustration of 1921.

65年后也就是1986年，人們又一次嘗試著通過這三個問題解開這個謎團(tuán)。27位頂尖的世界級專家聚集在一起想要解決這一問題，但是他們也沒有達(dá)成共識。1986年的討論會對智力有兩種不同的定義，這次依舊沒有達(dá)成一致又讓人們想起了1921年的那次失敗。

Till date, experts are unsure whether intelligence is a singular ability or a combination of aptitudes. One group of scientists called ‘Lumpers’ view intelligence as a single capacity. There is another category of scientists called ‘Splitters’ who, however, believe that intelligence is divided into many separate mental abilities. For example,Charles Spearman believed that intelligence can be explained only by a pervasive overall mental ability that can be termed as the ‘G Factor’ or the General Intelligence Factor. A majority of experts, however, agree that intelligence involves multiple traits.

直到現(xiàn)在，專家仍然不確定智力究竟是單一能力，還是組合能力。認(rèn)為是一種單一能力的科學(xué)家被稱為“主和派”，另一組科學(xué)家，則認(rèn)為智力可以被分成很多獨立的精神能力，他們被稱作“主分派”。例如，專家Charles Spearman就認(rèn)為智力只能被認(rèn)為是一種普遍的綜合心智能力，專業(yè)術(shù)語為“G 因素”，即“一般智力因素”。而多數(shù)專家則認(rèn)為，智力則牽涉到多個復(fù)雜點。

Robert J Stemberg presented the Triarchic Theory of Intelligence, which divides intelligence into three traits—analytical intelligence, creative intelligence and practical intelligence. Howard Gardner gave the theory of Multiple Intelligences (MI), which divided it into eight different types of intelligences—linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial,bodily- kinaesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intra-personal and naturalist—ability to understand natural and man-made systems.

Robert J Stemberg提出了三元智力理論，該理論將智力分成三個分支——分析力、創(chuàng)造力、和實踐力。Howard Gardner則提出多元智力理論（簡稱MI），該理論則分出了8中智力類型——語言能力、數(shù)理邏輯、空間力、身體動感、音樂、社交能力、自我以及自然主義（即理解自然系統(tǒng)與人造系統(tǒng)的能力）

One group of scientists, headed by JP Guilford, found that the structure of the intellect comprised four contents,five operations, and six processes. In trying to match differing abilities, the group came up with 120 unique combinations of abilities. Guilford later increased the number of abilities to the final 180 factors that were together responsible for intelligence. [1]

以JP Guilford為首的另一組科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，智力結(jié)構(gòu)包含4類內(nèi)容，5個過程，以及6個產(chǎn)物。為了組合出不同的能力，小組得出了120種不同的能力組合，Guilford后來還將這個數(shù)字增加到最終的180種，這180種綜合解釋了什么是智力。

Follow Your Intelligence

跟著天分走。

My younger brother was very poor in academics.He could barely pass any classes without getting supplementary. Everyone thought that he would be a big failure in life. He would have been a sure failure, if he would have chosen to work hard what he was doing instead of pursuing a profession which suited his intelligence. However, he identified that he has ‘social intelligence’ as he understood people accurately and predict their behavior. Instead of choosing to go for higher education, he rather opted out of the race and started his own business. Today he employs hundreds of people and earns millions of rupees every month.

He is not alone in achieving success because of choosing a profession that suited his intelligence.

我的弟弟在學(xué)習(xí)方面非常差，要是沒有補(bǔ)考的話，他幾乎所有的課程都不及格。每個人都認(rèn)為他的人生一定會很失敗。如果當(dāng)初他選擇一直在現(xiàn)在的崗位上勤奮堅持，他的人生確實注定失敗，可是他沒有，而是去追求了自己有天分的職業(yè)。他清晰的認(rèn)識到自己有很強(qiáng)的“社會能力”，就是他可以精準(zhǔn)的理解別人，并預(yù)測到他們的行為。他沒有選擇接受更高的教育，而是選擇退出競爭，開創(chuàng)了自己的事業(yè)?，F(xiàn)在他的企業(yè)有一百多號員工，每個月掙百萬盧比。

他并不是唯一的一個，還有很多人也是選對了與自己天分符合的職業(yè)，而獲得了成功。

Dhirubhai Ambani, just a matriculate who came from a poor family and started out selling bhajias—fried vegetable dumplings over the weekends to pilgrims in Mount Girnar. The same Dhirubhai later founded India’s biggest corporate empire, Reliance Industries that employed thousands, including hundreds of MBAs from top business schools of theworld.

迪路巴依·阿慕巴尼（1932-2002）家境貧寒，僅被大學(xué)錄取，周末在Gimar山賣油炸的蔬菜餡兒水餃給香客。就是他，成立了印度最大的商業(yè)帝國——瑞來斯實業(yè)，員工上千人，其中有好幾百人是來自世界頂級商業(yè)學(xué)校的工商管理學(xué)碩士。

Sunil Bharti Mittal too began with a small bicycle business in Ludhiana, in partnership with his friend. Mittal over time,went on to form Bharti Telecom Limited, which is now the top telecom company inIndia, boasting a turnover of several billion dollars. [2]

Sunil Bharti Mittal也是從盧迪亞納一個小小的自行車公司起家的，他和朋友合伙開了這間公司。不久之后，他自己成立了巴蒂科技有限公司，這間公司現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是印度頂尖的電信公司，營業(yè)額達(dá)到數(shù)十億美元。

Don’t just do hard work.

Work smart by integrating hard work with your intelligence.

When intelligence is combined with hard-work, miracle is created and dreams are realized.

別只盲目努力。

將你的努力和天分相結(jié)合。

當(dāng)兩相結(jié)合在一起時，奇跡會發(fā)生，夢想也終能實現(xiàn)。

Source:

1: Practising Spiritual Intelligence by DrAwdhesh Singh

2: The Secret Red Book of Leadership by DrAwdhesh Singh

最后兩段讓我認(rèn)識了兩位偉大的印度企業(yè)家，通過搜索他們的簡歷，獲益良多。

沒有哪個人的成功是偶然。雖然，大家對成功的定義不一而同，但普世觀念中，金錢和地位確實是成功這個詞語的定義之一。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了自己的才能，并Follow Their?Intelligence，最終成為了世界最具影響力的商人之一。

覺得迷茫的時候，不妨靜下心來想一想自己的優(yōu)勢在哪里，再結(jié)合現(xiàn)有的資源，考慮從哪個角度開始努力，當(dāng)你一天更比一天好的時候，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)，僅僅是比過去小小的進(jìn)步，也是一種成功。

文章來源：https://www.quora.com/Can-hard-work-beat-intelligence/answer/Awdhesh-Singh-1?srid=uP2rl

若有翻譯不當(dāng)之處，敬請各位大神不吝賜教，小女子在此謝過。學(xué)習(xí)交流歡迎簡信。