冰凍星球

第一集

地球上有超過三分之一的地方是冰天雪地Over one third of our planet is frozen,

然而? 北極和南極這兩個被冰雪覆蓋的世界and yet, the icy worlds of the Arctic and Antarctic

對于大多數(shù)人來說? 卻像外星那樣陌生are as alien to most of us as the surface of another planet.

那里有數(shù)不盡的世界之最They are places of superlatives.

兩極冰冠共儲藏有地球上近%的淡水From ice caps that hold nearly % of our planet's fresh water

冰凍森林更跨越了所有經(jīng)度to frozen forests that encircle the entire globe.

那里豐富了我們的想象力These are places that feed our imaginations,

宛如童話故事中所描述的世界places that seem to be borrowed from fairy tales.

冰雪的形成及融化They're dominated and shaped by the ice...

是塑造兩極的主導性力量both by its coming and by its going.

這是地球上僅存的純正荒野This is our planet's last true wilderness

而正當我們開始對其有所了解之時and one that is changing

那里正經(jīng)歷著變遷just as we're beginning to understand it.

在此系列中In this series,

我們將踏遍荒涼之地的每個角落we'll be travelling to all parts of these lonely lands,

包括北極和南極both north and south,

這也許是我們最后一次? 見證那里的奇觀to witness its wonders perhaps for the last time

并探索那些克服了重重困難and to discover some extraordinary examples

才得以生存下來的偉大生命of survival against all the odds,

它們的身影遍及世界各地as can be found anywhere on the planet.

行至地球的盡頭

冰天雪地是兩極永恒的主題The poles are permanently capped with ice.

對于生命Nowhere is colder,

那里的酷寒? 狂風是最嚴苛的挑戰(zhàn)windier or more hostile to life.

我的腳下就是北極點I'm standing at the North Pole -

世界之巔the very top of the Earth.

為何極地地區(qū)如此寒冷Up here, it's easy to see

身臨其境時? 體會更加深刻why the polar regions are so cold.

太陽的直射角度很小? 鮮有陽光照射下來The sun never rises high enough in the sky to warm my back

而即使光線到達了地表and those rays that do strike the surface

大部分也會被這白茫茫的冰雪反射回去are mostly reflected back from this great whiteness.

但最重要的問題是? 這里有半年的時間But the fundamental problem is that there's no sun here at all

完全沒有陽光照射for half the year.

極地冬季的嚴酷? 無與倫比The polar winter is unrivalled in its harshness.

一個夜晚可持續(xù)數(shù)月之久A night that lasts for months.

隨著溫度驟降到零下攝氏度Only the toughest stay, as temperatures plunge

只有最頑強的生命才能存活下來to minus? degrees centigrade.

然而對于生命來說? 最大的挑戰(zhàn)并非寒冷And yet, the greatest challenge to life here is not the cold,

而是劇烈的四季更迭but the extreme swings between the seasons.

當太陽再次升起時When the sun finally returns,

一次翻天覆地的轉(zhuǎn)變開始了an extraordinary transformation begins.

這個冰凍的世界開始融化This frozen world begins to melt away.

極地的春天帶來了一絲短暫的生機The polar spring brings a brief opportunity for life.

到了夏季? 太陽不再落下By summer, the sun no longer sets

全天小時施展著魔力and works its magic for? hours a day.

各個物種展開了一場繁衍的競賽Now it's a race to breed before the sun departs.

到了秋季? 美好消失殆盡? 嚴酷再次襲來By autumn, all but the hardiest abandon the poles

冰雪王國不斷擴張它的領(lǐng)土and the ice extends its grip.

大地與海洋失去生機? 共同進入漫長的極冬Land and sea close down for the long, polar winter,

等待太陽的再次升起until, once again, the sun returns.

時值北極的春季It's spring in the High Arctic

太陽照耀著冰封的無垠海洋and the sun illuminates a giant frozen ocean,

這也是我們旅程的第一站the first stop on our journey.

陸地上最強健的捕食者正在悄然潛行The most powerful land predator is on the prowl.

一只雄性北極熊正在尋覓配偶A male polar bear is searching for a mate.

愿意交配的母熊鳳毛翎角Willing females are few and far between

隨著他的跋涉? 海冰會迅速融化消失and the sea ice on which he travels will soon melt and vanish.

在這廣袤冰凍的荒原上尋找配偶He's running out of time to find a mate

他的時間緊迫in this vast, frozen desert.

遠在十英里之外? 有一只沒有幼仔的母熊Ten miles ahead, a single female without cubs -

這正是公熊所尋覓的對象exactly what the male is seeking.

他似乎很欣賞她的氣息He seems to relish her scent,

即使她仍在數(shù)英里之外even though she's miles away.

這種憧憬? 激動人心This is an exciting prospect.

無疑? 她發(fā)出了正確的信號She's clearly giving off the right signals.

他緊跟她的足印? 生怕遺失她的蹤跡He locks onto her tracks, eager not to lose her trail.

踩著她的足印It's easier to tread

在夯實的雪上前行? 更加省力in the compacted snow of her footprints.

此次覓偶之旅可持續(xù)數(shù)日This pursuit could last for days.

終于? 母熊映入了眼簾The female eventually comes into view.

搜索行動最終宣告結(jié)束The search is finally over.

對于體重僅為其一半的母熊來說For the female, only half his weight,

這必然是一次心驚肉跳的邂逅this must be a nerve-racking encounter.

因為如果公熊愿意? 可將其殺死The male could kill her if he chooses.

但是他另有所圖But he has other intentions...

而她也準備好服從And she is ready and willing.

她將他引上高地She leads him to higher ground.

求愛中的北極熊似乎很注重隱私It seems that courting polar bears prefer privacy,

他們通常會遠離海冰? 移步至山上often leaving the sea ice and heading for the hills

以躲避雄性競爭者窺探的眼光? 免受其擾to avoid the prying eyes of rival males who might disturb them.

很少有人得以見證這一刻Few have witnessed this moment.

對公熊而言For the male,

這是他孤獨生活的一場難得的邂逅his only tender encounter in an otherwise solitary life.

但美景不長But it doesn't last long -

另一位求愛競爭者追隨母熊的氣味而來a rival suitor has also caught the female's scent.

求愛要暫停了? 他必須為權(quán)利而戰(zhàn)Courtship has to be put on hold. He must fight for his rights.

他擊退第一位挑戰(zhàn)者? 雙方都毫發(fā)無傷He sees off this first challenger without injury to either party,

但血腥之戰(zhàn)即將上演but bloodier battles are to come.

盡管受了點輕傷? 但他勝利了Another battle won, though he has been slightly injured.

他迅速回到配偶身邊He hurries back to his mate,

但她好像失去了性趣but now she seems to have lost her enthusiasm.

母北極熊是需要高度呵護的動物Female polar bears are high-maintenance.

無論她走到哪? 他都如影隨形Wherever she goes, he will follow,

在她愿意之時與她交配mating with her when she allows

并一直守護著她and guarding her at all times.

接下來的兩周內(nèi)? 公熊擊敗了多位對手Over the next two weeks, the male sees off many rivals

但他也為戰(zhàn)斗付出了代價but the battles take their toll on him.

他已筋疲力竭He is almost spent,

但他已確保but he has ensured that

不會再有公熊與他的伴侶交配no other bears have mated with his female.

這對伴侶It's time for the couple

分道揚鑣的時候到了to go their separate ways.

九個月之后? 她將獨自產(chǎn)下他的幼崽She will give birth to his cubs, alone, in nine months' time

也許他們將天涯永別and he may never see her again.

他回到了冰凍的海洋He returns to the frozen ocean,

安詳?shù)闹匦麻_始獨居生活no doubt relieved to resume his solitary ways,

時機正正好and just in time.

他腳下的冰不久就要消失The ice beneath his feet will soon be gone.

每到春天? 北冰洋都要經(jīng)歷Each spring, the Arctic Ocean undergoes

一次非凡的轉(zhuǎn)變an extraordinary transformation.

面積如歐洲大小的海冰融化An area of sea ice the size of Europe melts,

冰下富饒的海域重見天日exposing the rich waters beneath.

短尾鹱[短尾水剃鳥]從一萬六千公里外的Short-tailed shearwaters have travelled , miles

澳大利亞飛行至此from Australia to be here.

一千八百萬只遷徙鳥遮蔽了天空 million visitors darken the skies,

地球上最龐大的海鳥群在此聚集the largest gathering of sea birds on the planet.

座頭鯨從赤道一路游來Humpback whales have come all the way from the Equator

在這富饒的極地海洋中覓食to feed in these rich, polar waters.

它們巨碩的尾鰭長達五米Their giant tails are five metres across.

尾部輕輕抬出海面Simply raising them above the surface

就能給予座頭鯨足夠的向下動量gives the whales enough downward momentum

去品嘗海下的磷蝦和青魚to reach the great swarms of krill and herring below.

海鷗跟隨巨鯨的指引捕食The shearwaters follow the giants' lead.

海水為那些在夏天光臨到此的生物For those who can get here, in summer,

提供一場空前絕后的盛宴these waters provide a feast of epic proportions.

但美好的時光轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝But the good times will be very short -

這是極地所有生命所面臨的問題a problem that faces all life in the polar regions.

向南穿越北冰洋Journeying south across the Arctic Ocean,

抵達的第一站是世界第一大島the first land you reach is Greenland,

格陵蘭島[字面義為綠島]the largest island in the world.

與它的名字不同? 格陵蘭島以白色為主Despite its name, Greenland is mostly white,

被一塊碩大的冰原覆蓋covered by a giant ice sheet

它的大小是英國的六倍six times the size of the United Kingdom.

在島中央? 冰層有三千米厚In the middle of the island, the ice is nearly two miles thick.

一個荒涼寂靜的世界It's a bleak, quiet world.

海水融化成的寶石藍湖泊Sapphire-blue melt lakes

表明一個變化正在悄然發(fā)生are the first sign that a dynamic process is underway.

每個湖的形成需要幾天時間Each lake forms in a matter of days,

湖面慢慢擴大? 寬達幾公里expanding until it's miles across

最后開始溢出and starts to overflow.

流水在冰面上開鑿出條條水道The spill water then carves its way through the ice.

蜿蜒在冰雪三角洲上的融水The water courses through an icy delta

正如流淌在冷血巨獸的動脈中血液like blood along the arteries of a cold-blooded monster,

而且只蘇醒中的巨獸a monster that is stirring.

沒有任何征兆And without warning,

水流被憑空出現(xiàn)的天井打斷the water suddenly plunges down an open shaft,

垂直墜入冰原之心falling a vertical mile into the heart of the ice sheet.

融水還有著出人意料的作用This meltwater has a surprising effect -

在冰面與其下巖石床間it lubricates the junction between the ice

起到潤滑的作用and the rock floor beneath,

整個冰原都在移動so the entire ice sheet is now on the move,

順著地勢滑向海洋sliding downhill into the ocean.

雅各布港冰川This, Jakobshavn Isbrae,

是地球上流動最快的冰川is the fastest-flowing glacier on our planet,

移動速度約為米每天moving as much as? metres a day.

冰川所到之處? 一切都被夷為平地As it advances, it destroys everything in its path,

它順勢滑向海洋even cutting its way

即便是格陵蘭島最雄偉的山脈through Greenland's great mountain ranges

也無法阻擋它前行的腳步on its drive downwards towards the sea.

隨著速度的加快When speeded up,

固態(tài)冰川如河水般流淌these solid rivers of ice seem to flow just like liquid rivers.

其巨大沖擊力This is the titanic force

可以切入高山? 夷平陸地that cuts down mountains and levels the surface of continents.

冰川正邁向其長征的終點The ice is now entering the last stage of its descent.

由于速度越來越快As it gains speed,

巨大的冰隙隨之出現(xiàn)? 深至冰川最深處huge crevasses open that extend down to its very core.

臨近大海時It's reached the ocean,

重達百萬噸的冰川and millions of tonnes of ice

失去了巖層支撐have lost the support of their rocky bed.

崩塌已不可避免Something must give.

這些坍塌的冰塊預(yù)示著These icefalls are an ominous sign of what is about to happen...

冰川即將分崩離析a rupture deep within the glacier.

一座巨大冰山就此誕生A colossal iceberg is born.

這一整塊巨冰This single block of ice,

縱橫均可達數(shù)百米many hundreds of metres across,

足以令人類最雄偉的建筑相形見絀would dwarf the biggest of mankind's buildings.

每年? 格陵蘭的冰川Every year, tens of thousands of icebergs

都會孕育數(shù)以萬計的冰山are spawned by Greenland's glaciers,

此外? 隨著氣候不斷變暖and their number is steadily increasing

新生冰山的數(shù)量還在增加as the climate continues to warm.

遍布北冰洋的冰山碎片The break-up of the bergs fills the bays of the Arctic

盡顯大自然的鬼斧神工with exquisite ice sculptures.

同時? 還為海洋帶來了大量冰冷的淡水It also releases great volumes of cold, fresh water into the sea.

格陵蘭的冰川融水Greenland's meltwater

影響到洋流的流向influences the course of the ocean currents,

而這又會對全球氣候構(gòu)成影響which, in turn, has an effect on the weather around the world.

很多人不知道? 北冰洋離人類家園其實很近The Arctic is closer to home than many of us realise.

它涵蓋了三塊大陸的極北區(qū)域It includes the northernmost parts of the three continents

歐洲? 亞洲? 北美? 人類大多居住于此on which most of us live - Europe, Asia and North America.

我們南行之旅遇到的第一片荒原The first bare land we reach on our journey south

就是寸草不生的所謂"凍土帶"is a bleak treeless wilderness known as tundra.

春季? 動物從南部向北遷徙Each spring, animals travel up from the south,

春水融融下豐饒的牧草to be ready for the rich grazing

唱出了生之召喚that will be unveiled by the spring melt.

對馴鹿來說For the caribou,

時機至關(guān)重要the timing is critical.

到來過早便會被暴風雪所吞噬Arrive early and a winter storm could kill you.

到來過晚便無法蓄積足夠的脂肪Delay too long and you may fail to lay down the fat

挨過極地的寒冬needed to survive a polar winter.

繼續(xù)南行Further south still,

靜謐? 頷首? 白雪覆蓋的樹木and stooped, shrouded figures

一掃凍土帶孤寂的陰霾end the flat monotony of the tundra.

這便是林木生長線? 我們首次領(lǐng)略到This is the tree line, the first place on our journey

滋滋暖意? 潺潺流水with sufficient warmth and liquid water

令草木得以生長to enable a tree to grow.

存活于此是如此艱難Surviving here is so crushingly difficult,

幼苗也許需要數(shù)百年光陰that it can take hundreds of years for a seedling

才得以長為低矮的灌木to grow into a stunted shrub.

但是? 即便低矮的樹木But even small trees

也可成為食肉動物的隱蔽所can provide cover for a predator.

加拿大北部的狼群Wolves. These, in northern Canada,

擁有同類中最大的體型? 最強的攻擊力are the largest and most powerful in the world

它們準備獵食了and they are setting out to hunt.

這個狼群達只The pack is? strong,

意味著它們的目標難逃厄運a sign that the prey they are seeking is formidable.

這些野牛較其低緯同類體型更大These bison are even bigger than their southern cousins

是北美洲最大的陸生動物and the largest land animals in North America.

狼與野牛在此代代抗衡For generations, wolves and bison here

于是得以進化have been shaped by their battles with each other,

成為同物種的佼佼者making each the most impressive of its kind.

野牛不會在林中棲息過久The bison will not stay long among the trees.

這里并非安全地帶They're not safe here.

狼群逐漸靠近The wolves are closing in,

可惜在林中伏擊野牛的機會業(yè)已喪失but their chance of ambushing the bison in the woods has passed.

獵物已進入空曠區(qū)域Their prey are now in the open

結(jié)伴而行? 以保安全and grouped together for safety.

狼群若想一擊成功The wolves will need to work as a team

便需要協(xié)作作戰(zhàn)if they are to make a kill.

它們呈圍攻之勢? 企圖擾亂陣腳They circle the herd, trying to unsettle it

進而各個擊破and split it up.

不過野牛角鋒銳利? 相當危險But the bison are armed and dangerous.

如能互為犄角? 便可保持不敗They will be safe as long as they stick together.

狼群讓戰(zhàn)斗升級? 率先挑釁The wolves up their game, harrying the herd,

先對牛群進行騷擾a ploy to trigger a stampede

從而孤立出一個孱弱者and split away one of the smaller ones.

野牛們以幼崽為中心? 組成防御性外圍The bison form a defensive circle around their young,

它們的角朝外horns pointing outwards.

狼群需要找一只野牛作為突破口The wolves need a bison to break rank.

然而形勢發(fā)生了變化? 狼群不得不撤退But the tables are turning and now the wolves have to retreat.

狼群將注意力集中到野牛群的后部The pack focus their attention on the rear of the herd

野牛們開始陷入恐慌and the bison begin to panic.

一只幼年野牛落后了A young bison falls behind.

即使才一歲? 這頭野牛也比狼高大Even this yearling dwarfs the wolves.

拼命奔跑? 牛群的唯一想法就是逃命Running head-down, the herd's only thought is escape.

狼群的幸運時刻到了A stroke of luck for the wolves.

這場殺戮足夠狼群維持幾日的生計The kill will feed the pack for several days.

但是接下來它們又得繼續(xù)獵食了But then they will have to resume the chase.

即便在地球的盡頭? 冰凍的國度中At the frozen ends of our planet,

為了生存而進行的斗爭也不曾緩解the struggle for survival never eases.

林木生長線以南? 冬天更短了South of the tree line, the winters are shorter,

因此樹木長得更快更高so trees grow faster and taller

樹林已現(xiàn)雛形and forests begin to appear.

當來自南方的暖濕氣流As the warm, humid air from the south

遇到北極的冷空氣meets the cold, arctic air,

前者攜帶的水分便凝結(jié)成冰晶和雪花the moisture it carries crystallises and snowflakes

從空中徐徐飄落fall from the sky.

每片雪花都以一?；覊m為中心Each crystal forms around a particle of dust.

且具有六邊對稱性All have a six-fold symmetry

但世界上卻沒有兩片完全相同的雪花but no two have ever been found with exactly the same shape.

雪花的多樣性和復(fù)雜性令人嘆為觀止Their variety and complexity is breathtaking.

每片雪花都將在春天融化Each snowflake is water waiting

化作生命之泉to be released in spring.

因此? 雪是這片寂林For this reason, snow is the lifeblood

賴以生存的命脈of these silent forests

一切生命都以某種方式依賴著它and all that live here depend on it in one way or another.

其中? 以烏林鸮為例Some, like the great grey owl,

它們在春天萬物復(fù)蘇時出現(xiàn)appear in spring for the boom times,

然后像幽靈一樣消失then vanish like phantoms.

另一些? 像它們的獵物旅鼠Others, like their lemming prey,

則整年都待在雪下are here year-round beneath the snow,

以抵御外面的嚴寒insulated from the cold air above.

對于季節(jié)性的訪客和北極的常住民The northern forests are a crossroads

北方的森林就像是個十字路口for seasonal visitors and arctic specialists.

但是卻不僅僅如此But they are so much more than this.

它們組成了針葉林帶? Together, they make up the taiga,

一個綿延不斷的森林地帶an unbroken belt of forest

在地球上延伸了上萬公里that stretches , miles around our planet

包含了地球上/的樹木and contains one third of all the trees on Earth.

我們的北極之旅 從冰凍之海到環(huán)繞它的陸地The taiga forest marks the end of our journey through the Arctic,

也以針葉林的出現(xiàn)為標志而宣告結(jié)束from the frozen ocean down across the lands that surround it.

地球的另一端? 南極The other end of our planet, the Antarctic,

則是截然不同的景象is starkly different.

這片冰凍大陸完全被大海所包圍A frozen continent completely surrounded by ocean.

這里的冰山巨大Icebergs here are so large

度量冰山長度的單位不再是米而是千米that they're measured in miles not metres.

它們是巨浪前行時的唯一障礙They're the only obstacles in the path of giant waves,

那些巨浪圍繞著這片大陸which circle around the continent

不受外界的打擾unchecked by other lands.

這片?？此茋揽岫龥坝縏hese seas may be cold and storm-racked

但其實充滿了生機but they're bursting with life.

沒有鳥類像它們這樣以海為家No bird is more at home in water

它們是最出色的沖浪者and they are masterful surfers.

企鵝只存在于南半球Penguins are found only in the Southern Hemisphere.

它們不會飛? 不過它們也不需要飛翔They can't fly, but they don't need to.

這里并沒有北極熊There are no polar bears here.

這些是金圖企鵝These are Gentoo Penguins.

每年春天? 它們來到岸邊Each spring, they come ashore

產(chǎn)卵并撫養(yǎng)幼崽to lay their eggs and rear their young.

嗷嗷待哺的幼崽對食物的需求如此大Their hungry chicks demand so much seafood

以至于企鵝爸媽都得出去捕魚that both parents have to go fishing.

而捕魚這一行為卻相當危險And fishing can be dangerous.

南極海獅A southern sea lion.

利用自己破浪的速度It uses the speed of a breaking wave

它追趕上金圖企鵝to catch up with the Gentoos.

海獅通常是吃魚的Sea lions normally eat fish,

很適應(yīng)捕捉體態(tài)呈流線型的獵物so he's used to catching streamlined swimmers,

但金圖企鵝but the Gentoos seem

似乎不在他的能力范圍內(nèi)more than his match out at sea.

他得改變策略He must change tactics.

也許在淺水區(qū)更容易Perhaps it will be easier in the shallows.

不? 在水里是抓不住企鵝的But no! It seems penguins are uncatchable in water.

那么在陸地上呢How about on land?

企鵝的翅膀盡管強壯有力? 適宜游泳The penguin's wings, so powerful for swimming,

但在跑步時卻發(fā)揮不了一點作用are of no help when it comes to running.

現(xiàn)在? 顯然海獅獲得了機會Now, surely, the sea lion has a chance.

但在海灘上? 他們兩個都像出水的魚But on the beach, both are like fish out of water.

很少有捕獵者Rarely do hunter and

和被捕者像它們這樣笨拙hunted play their roles with so little skill.

誰也說不準會怎么樣The outcome is anyone's guess.

每年夏天Every summer,

超過四千萬只企鵝涌入南冰洋覓食over? million penguins take to the Southern Ocean to feed.

隨之一起的還有數(shù)千頭鯨魚They're joined by thousands of whales.

絕大部分是小須鯨Minkes are the most numerous.

它們來到這地球上最豐饒的海洋They all come here to harvest the richest ocean on Earth.

繼續(xù)向南Carrying on south,

便能望見冰封大陸的一角we get our first glimpse of the frozen continent.

南方的座頭鯨Southern humpbacks,

從赤道出發(fā)? 長途跋涉四千英里after travelling , miles from the equator,

最終到達南極洲are finally arriving in Antarctica.

長久以來? 這個神秘世界引誘著世人Humans have long felt the lure of this mysterious world,

然而直到一百年前yet it was only a hundred years ago

才有第一批探險家涉足此地that the first explorers walked inland

挑戰(zhàn)地球上的至高點and were confronted by the highest,

這片最干燥? 最寒冷的土地driest and coldest territory on Earth.

每年? 當大陸周圍的浮冰開始融化Every year, the continent is transformed

大陸的形態(tài)也隨之改變as the sea ice that surrounds it begins to disappear.

這種融化使南極洲縮小了一半This melt halves the size of Antarctica.

這是我們地球上It's the most spectacular seasonal change

最壯觀的季節(jié)轉(zhuǎn)換occurring anywhere on our planet.

沐浴著陽光的海豹The remnants of the sea ice

慵懶的躺在浮冰上are occupied by sunbathing seals

它們已在這度過了整個冬季that have been here all winter.

但隨著冰雪融去? 有新客到訪But new arrivals are following the retreating ice edge

它們來此捕食and they have come here to hunt.

虎鯨? 海洋的頂級捕食者Killer whales, the ocean's top predator,

狼群一般的殺手killers are like wolves,

因為它們能獵殺比自己大得多的獵物for they will hunt animals far larger than themselves.

但是如果夠不到But even smaller prey are a problem

再小的獵物也難得手if you can't reach them.

解決方法就是團隊合作The solution is teamwork.

以完美的編隊狀態(tài)行動? 統(tǒng)一擺尾Swimming in perfect formation, they flick their tails in unison

產(chǎn)生一道波浪? 擊裂冰塊and create a wave that cracks the ice.

它們重新聚集? 檢視冰裂的情況They regroup and assess the damage.

還需要一道更大的波浪A more powerful wave is needed.

大浮冰破裂了The ice floe is breaking up.

現(xiàn)在它們可以靠近并清楚地觀察目標Now they are close enough to get a good look at their target.

海豹以蟹為主食? 牙齒鋒利且好斗The seal is a crabeater, sharp-toothed and feisty,

不是它們喜歡的獵物not their favourite.

海中的狼群繼續(xù)尋找更易捕的獵物The wolves of the sea move on in search of easier quarry.

一頭威德爾氏海豹? 那個要好些A Weddell Seal. That's better.

它們更溫順? 更容易捕捉These are more docile and easier to tackle.

虎鯨聚集起來無聲地游動The pod stays close together and travels silently.

這次它們掀起一波更強大的海浪This time, they unleash a far more powerful wave,

并且準確得驚人and with astonishing accuracy.

這些大浪不是為了打破冰塊These big waves are not intended to break the ice,

而是為了把獵物卷入海中but to knock the prey into the water,

它們幾乎不會失手and they rarely fail.

如虎鯨所愿? 海豹掉入海中The seal is now where the killers want it,

但捕獵行動遠未結(jié)束but the hunt is far from over.

避開海豹鋒利牙齒的同時They need to grab their prey by the tail

它們將從后面咬住獵物while avoiding its snapping jaws.

只有這樣? 虎鯨才能Only then will they be able to

把它拖下? 將其淹死pull it down and drown it.

側(cè)擊產(chǎn)生了強烈的水下亂流Sideswipes create violent underwater turbulence,

這是個新策略a new tactic.

產(chǎn)生的氣泡可掩護其他虎鯨Blowing bubbles gives cover for others

沖近海豹的尾部to lunge at the seal's tail.

海豹不知怎么爬上一塊小浮冰Somehow, the seal manages to reach a tiny ice floe.

殺手們要抓它很容易The killers could easily grab it,

但是現(xiàn)在這似乎成了一個游戲but now this seems to have become a game.

海豹的生命取決于冰塊是否打翻The seal's life hangs on a roll of the ice.

然而? 虎鯨再次合力將海豹推入水中Yet again, the pod joins forces to dislodge the seal.

海豹把握到一個逃跑的機會The seal sees a chance to escape.

但是它已經(jīng)精疲力盡? Exhausted, it no longer has the energy

無力逃脫to pull itself to safety

而虎鯨們接踵而至and the killers are moving in.

游戲結(jié)束Game over.

雖然這樣的集體捕獵很少見Although such team hunts are rarely seen,

科學家們相信scientists believe they may be the most

這在自然界中也是最復(fù)雜的情況complex ever documented in the natural world.

一百年前斯科特船長和他的船員們They were first witnessed by Captain Scott and his men

在探索南極洲時? 首次目睹了此景when they came to explore Antarctica? years ago.

繼續(xù)向南航行Journeying further south,

碎冰被永恒不變的冰原取代the fragmenting ice is replaced by a permanent sheet

即使在夏日酷暑中也不會融化that doesn't melt even at the height of summer.

它是許多生物不可逾越的障礙It's a barrier that many creatures find impassable.

即使是強大的小須鯨也不行It repels even powerful minke whales.

如果它們得不到所需的空氣They have to turn back if they can no longer reach the air

就不得不回頭they need to breathe.

在冰下? 生物必須適應(yīng)力極強才能生存Under the ice, life has to be extremely specialised to survive.

鮮有人有機會探索這個極度寂靜的世界Few of us will ever experience this strangely-still world,

到目前為止? 人類對此仍所知寥寥and, as yet, no-one knows much about it.

這些冰制鐘乳石的透明表面The crystalline surface of the ice stalactites

為體內(nèi)充滿了防凍劑的銀魚provides a home for ice fish

提供了棲息之所whose bodies are full of anti-freeze.

水表的冰層保護著居住其下的生物The ceiling of ice shields those living below it

不受冰上極端極地天氣的影響from the violent polar weather that rages above.

這里在百萬年間幾乎沒有過變化Little here has changed for millions of years.

低溫讓這里的動物The cold allows animals to grow

極其緩慢地生長成龐然大物very slowly and become giants.

潮蟲的親戚可以有餐盤那么大A relative of the woodlouse is the size of a dinner plate.

{\an}{\fn方正黑體簡體\fs\b\bord\shad\c&HFFF&}潮蟲:生活在陰暗潮濕之處的小蟲\N一般只有幾厘米長

這個所謂的"海蜘蛛"則有半米長的腿And this so-called "sea spider" has legs that span half a metre.

現(xiàn)在探險家們正在探索著Now explorers are revealing other worlds

隱藏在冰層下的別樣世界that lie hidden beneath the ice on land.

這些煙狀塔是通往地下洞穴網(wǎng)的大門These smoking towers are the gateway to a network of caves.

每個洞穴中都有著地球上絕無僅有Each contains an extraordinary assembly of ice crystals,

非凡的冰晶組合unlike any other on Earth.

與雪花一樣? 世上也沒有兩塊相同的冰晶Like snowflakes, every crystal is unique.

一些比成人還高Some are taller than a man.

一些還能承載生命Others are thought to harbour life,

一些神秘的細菌seeded by strange bacteria

在如此極端條件下仍然繁盛不絕that thrive in these extreme conditions.

這些冰晶的成因就是The breeze that gently sways these crystals

輕柔吹拂著它們的微風is responsible for making them.

這其實是來自于埃里伯斯火山中心的蒸氣It's steam from the molten heart of Mount Erebus,

這是地球上最南端的一座火山the most southerly volcano on our planet.

現(xiàn)在人們覺得? 火山口邊緣的冰洞It's now thought that the ice caves fringing this crater

可能是一些未知生命的家園may even be a home for hitherto-unknown life forms.

從這片位于大陸邊緣的溫暖綠洲開始From this oasis of warmth at the edge of the continent,

我們繼續(xù)朝向內(nèi)陸的旅程? 直到南極點our journey continues inland towards the South Pole.

而第一個巨大的障礙The first great hurdle

就是難以逾越的南極橫貫山脈is the formidable Transantarctic Mountain range.

當年? 斯科特和阿蒙森試圖成為We are following the route taken by Scott and Amundsen

征服南極點的第一人as they struggled to become the first humans

我們將追隨他們的腳步to reach the South Pole.

他們當年只能步行They were travelling on foot

當他們第一眼見到這些山脈時and their first sight of these mountains

一定讓他們十分畏懼must have been daunting indeed.

出現(xiàn)在他們面前的是世界最長山脈In front of them stretched one of the world's longest ranges,

橫跨南極大陸? 綿延近公里spanning , miles from one side of the continent to the other.

這里還刮著地球上速度最快的風The winds up here are the fastest on Earth.

風速可達每小時多公里They reach speeds of? miles an hour.

這座山脈上遺留有狂風肆虐的痕跡An ice-capped mountain bears the scars of the gales,

堅實的冰層被刻蝕出古怪的雕塑bizarre sculptures carved from solid ice.

屈服的不僅僅是堅冰It's not only the ice that yields.

這個被雕出的尖頂原是一座山This sculptured spire is the remnant of a mountain,

被猛烈的風從四面八方侵蝕eroded from all sides by the ferocious elements.

在這后面則是完全出乎意料的地貌Beyond, a wholly unexpected landscape -

干谷the Dry Valleys.

南極洲僅有%的地表未被冰雪覆蓋Only % of Antarctica is free of ice,

而其中絕大部分都在這里and most of that bare rock is here.

干谷的地貌比地球上的其他地方The Dry Valleys are more like the surface of Mars

更接近火星表面than is any other place on Earth.

這里遍布各種非凡的天然雕塑The floor is covered with extraordinary natural sculptures,

而作者就是那股created by the same winds

讓冰雪遠離這片谷地的狂風that help to keep these valleys free of snow.

整片巨石長時間被狂風由內(nèi)而外地侵蝕Over time, entire boulders are weathered from the inside out,

直到只剩下一層外殼until just a shell remains.

在山谷的起點處? 冰雪正在侵入At the head of these valleys, the ice is making a breakthrough.

數(shù)百萬噸的積雪正慢慢地滑入谷中Millions of tons are tumbling in slow motion into the valley.

這些冰塊的大小與摩天大樓相仿These ice blocks are the size of skyscrapers.

這就是當年斯科特和他的同伴 And this is the Beardmore Glacier,

曾神奇地步行穿越過的比爾德莫爾冰川which Scott and his men somehow traversed on foot.

它超過公里長It's over? miles long

是地球上最大的冰川之一and one of the largest glaciers on Earth.

但早期的探險家們無論如何準備But nothing could have prepared those early explorers

也無法與即將遭遇的自然相抗衡for what they were about to encounter.

南極冰蓋? 地球上最為廣闊的冰域The Antarctic ice cap, the largest expanse of ice on the planet.

在某些地方? 其厚度近五公里It's three miles thick in places

這里包含了地球上%的淡水a(chǎn)nd imprisons % of the world's fresh water.

從這里直到一千多公里外的南極點From here to the South Pole? miles away,

除了冰什么都沒有there is nothing but ice.

我現(xiàn)在就在旅程的終點? 南極點I'm at the South Pole at the end of my journey.

雖然正值盛夏? 這里仍冷得刺骨Although it's midsummer, the temperature here

溫度僅有零下度is a bone-chilling? degrees below freezing.

現(xiàn)在距人類首次站在這里It's exactly a hundred years almost to the day

差不多正好有一百年that the first human beings stood right here,

首先是阿蒙森? 接著是斯科特Amundsen followed by Scott.

在那個年代? 到達極點被視為In those days, reaching the poles was regarded as

人類努力與耐力的極限the ultimate in human endeavour and endurance,

也是國家自豪感的來源and a source of great national pride.

今天? 極地則有著十分不同的意義Today, the polar regions have a rather different significance,

因為我們開始認識到? 不管住在哪里because now we've come to understand that what happens here

南北兩極and in the north affects every one of us,

都與我們每個人息息相關(guān)no matter where we live on this planet.

{\fad(,)\fn方正準圓_GBK\pos(,)}{\fs\b\bord\shad}冰天雪地之幕后故事

攝制組碰到的最大挑戰(zhàn)The greatest challenge for the team making Frozen Planet

是拍攝地點之間相距極遠was the extreme remoteness of their locations.

許多鏡頭一拍就是幾個月Many of the shoots lasted months at a time

而且需要許多工作人員協(xié)同工作and needed a number of crews to join forces.

有一個拍攝點就需要這樣浩大的工程One location that would require such siege tactics

它就是埃里伯斯? 南極洲最活躍的火山was Mount Erebus, Antarctica's most active volcano.

這座神奇的火山絕不輕易透露自己的秘密This magical mountain does not give up her secrets easily.

火山的秘密

要完整捕捉到埃里伯斯火山的全部To capture the full story of Mount Erebus from top to bottom

需要四組不同的攝制人員required four different film crews.

洞穴組在海拔近米之處降落The cave team is dropped off at , feet,

以靠近火山口close to the crater.

他們要抵御呼嘯的寒風和稀薄的空氣In howling winds and thin oxygen,

目標是找出進入火山的道路their challenge is to find a way into the volcano itself.

他們要探索未知They are venturing into the unknown.

地下有一些奇妙的冰洞Somewhere below are spectacular ice caves,

因火山蒸汽的熱量融化而成melted out by volcanic steam.

組員安全深入地下Getting the team safely underground

讓導演查登·亨特爾放心不少is a relief for director Chadden Hunter.

太好了? 下面暖和多了? 上面冷極了Excellent, it's much warmer down here, it's freezing up there.

零下度Minus .

和他一起的是攝像師嘉文·瑟斯頓With him is cameraman Gavin Thurston.

你會忘記自己在哪里You sort of forget being in here,

其實是在一座火山里you are actually inside a volcano.

我們的上面和下面是翻滾的巖漿You know, above us and below us, there's bubbling lava

這里都被蒸汽滲透了and you've got all these gases seeping up through here,

正是蒸汽弄出了這些洞穴which is how these caves are made,

所以這里二氧化碳的含量更高so there's also increased carbon dioxide in here.

越深入洞穴As the cave team head deeper,

危險的火山蒸汽讓人的呼吸變得困難dangerous volcanic gases make breathing difficult.

時間緊迫The clock is ticking.

他們沒有多少時間去找水晶洞They will not have long to find the caves of crystals.

在地面上? 航空組Above ground, the aerial team

正在努力攀上埃里伯斯山峰is pushing for the summit of Erebus.

節(jié)目制片人瓦內(nèi)莎·波洛維茲在前座指揮Series producer Vanessa Berlowitz directs from the front seat,

空中攝像師邁克爾·凱勒姆while aerial cameraman Michael Kelem

操作掛在機頭的攝像機controls the camera attached to the nose.

我們要升到差不多米We're going to be around , feet,

保羅·莫非飛行員

這是這部直升機的極限on the performance limits of this aircraft.

一旦天氣變糟Any bad weather comes in up there

那就慘了? 真的and you're pretty much screwed, really,

我們必須馬上下山y(tǒng)ou've got to get off the mountain fast.

高度到米以上? 飛行員就必須Above , feet, the pilot must breathe oxygen

通過鼻腔里的塑料管進行呼吸through a plastic tube in his nostrils.

想要靠近火山口? 狀況不容樂觀Approaching the crater, conditions do not look good.

今天? 埃里伯斯不斷噴出蒸汽Today, Erebus is belching out steam and gases,

讓飛機極度危險making flying extremely risky.

高空空氣非常稀薄? 因此直升機不能懸停Up here, the air is so thin, the helicopter can't hover

只能不斷移動and must keep moving.

這是高空拍攝所能達到的極限This is aerial filming at its most extreme.

他們努力想要抓到最清晰的視角They struggle to get a clear view.

我們要上升到米We're just coming up to , feet,

你可以直接看到熔巖湖you can actually look right into the lava lake.

看起來真棒? 邁克? 就停在這個位置Oh, that's looking really good, Mike, just hold that there.

攝像機捕捉到了罕見的熔漿鏡頭The cameraman captures a rare shot of the molten lava,

但是畫面馬上又模糊了but it's soon obscured again.

火山喜怒無常The volcano is temperamental.

攝制組抓拍到了極罕見的The team have seized a rare opportunity

熔漿鏡頭to see into its molten heart,

但現(xiàn)在他們必須安全撤退but now they must descend to safety.

地表天氣風云變幻的同時As the weather closes in above,

洞穴組在地下有了進展the cave team are making progress below.

今天是圣誕節(jié)? 組員穿得很應(yīng)景It's Christmas Day and the crew are dressed for the occasion.

要小心我的背Just watch my back on these icicles,

我可不想碰斷這些冰柱I don't want to snap that top one off.

這些冰柱有多堅硬How strong are these pillars of ice?

大概有五...It's about... that round about five...

所以我擠過去也不會弄斷它是嗎So if I squeeze past, it's not going to snap it?

嘉文向科學家再次做了確認Gavin is reassured by advice from the scientist.

嘉文? 小心啊Ohhh! Gavin!

抱歉I'm sorry.

太糟了? 斷口能夠完美接上? 快瞧That's terrible. Oh, look, it fits perfectly, look. Look at that.

幸好這些晶柱是由冰水凝結(jié)而成Fortunately, these crystals are made of frozen water

能在幾周內(nèi)變?yōu)樵瓲頰nd can grow back in weeks.

這些美麗無暇? 晶瑩剔透的冰柱盡收眼底You've got these beautiful, clear, glass-like pillars

在它旁邊的是無比精致的...and right next to it, this really delicate...

瞧這些冰絲多細啊Look how thin that filament is there.

隨著洞穴探險隊往更深處走去As the cave team explore deeper,

他們都能發(fā)現(xiàn)比前一個冰室each chamber reveals ice crystals

更奇形怪狀? 蔚為壯觀的冰晶體more strange and spectacular than the last.

隊員們沒人能想到? 一個南極冰山No-one on the team imagined a single Antarctic mountain

竟藏著如此多的奇景could house so many wonders.

埃里伯斯火山山腳下Down at the foot of Mount Erebus,

第三支隊伍? 潛水隊a third crew, the dive team,

打算探秘位于凍結(jié)海平面下的plan to explore the volcano's lower slopes,

火山低坡帶which extend beneath the frozen sea.

水下攝影師休·米勒是其中一員On board is underwater camera man Hugh Miller.

問題是我們并不知道冰層下面是什么The problem is, we don't actually know what's under the ice here.

誰知道呢? 就當作是探險吧So who knows, it's a bit of an adventure.

舊時的工具仍然是最好用的Old-fashioned tools still work best.

先是用鑿子鑿開一個缺口First, a hand chisel to create an opening,

接著用鋸子把洞口擴大then a saw to widen the hole.

在地球上最寒冷的海域里面潛水Ice-diving in the coldest waters on the planet

應(yīng)當是件慎之又慎的事情should be taken extremely seriously.

這次潛水充滿著很多因素This dive's going to be a lot of things

但溫暖顯然排除在這個名單之外and warm is not on that list.

絕緣潛水衣只夠讓他們Insulated suits will keep

在冰海里待六十分鐘them alive under the ice for only? minutes.

直升機離開后就沒有犯錯的余地了Once the helicopter departs, there's no margin for error.

潛水隊開始探秘埃里伯斯火山的低坡帶The dive team begin to explore the lower slopes of Erebus,

揭開一個人類知之甚少的世界的面紗discovering a hidden world rarely seen by humans.

在火山腳海濱處游動的是虎鯨Patrolling the icy shores of the volcano are killer whales,

它們活躍在地球的最南端the most southerly in the world.

在上面追蹤它們的是虎鯨考察隊Tracking them from above is the orca team.

他們乘坐直升機? 趕在鯨群的前面They need a helicopter to get ahead of the whales

降落在脆弱的冰面上and to land them on the fragile sea ice.

攝影師杰米·麥弗遜必須謹慎選擇降落點Camera man Jamie McPherson must pick his spot carefully.

他的目標是在不打擾到虎鯨群的前提下His aim is to get the cameras

盡可能讓攝像頭as close to the killer whales

近距離捕捉到鯨群as possible without disturbing them.

他用一個膠卷照相機捕捉鯨群的慢鏡頭He uses a film camera to capture the action in slow motion.

虎鯨群就在他旁邊游動And the orcas come right by him.

就算在極寒的天氣Even in the extreme cold,

膠卷照相機還是表現(xiàn)得穩(wěn)定可靠a film camera proves to be rugged and reliable...

當然是在有足夠膠卷的前提下provided there's enough film in the camera.

-這卷膠片用完了? -不是吧- End of the run.? - No!

我拍到了那頭虎鯨冒出水面I've got him coming out,

只是沒拍到它潛下去I just didn't get him going back in.

好吧All right!

在海冰下面Below the sea ice,

潛水隊搭建了一個水下工作室the dive team is setting up an underwater studio.

利用一系列的防水光源和慢速攝像機Using a range of waterproof lights and time-lapse cameras,

他們希望捕捉到they hope to capture the growth of

奇異的水下冰層的生長bizarre underwater ice formations.

在接下來的幾周Over the coming weeks,

潛水隊會潛水超過一百次the dive team would go below the ice over? times

去拍攝神秘莫測的to film the extraordinary secret world

埃里伯斯火山低坡帶on the lower flanks of Mount Erebus.

在冰面上? 虎鯨科考隊改變了目標On top of the ice, the orca team has repositioned.

他們的新目標是拍攝鯨群的水下活動Their new goal is to get underwater shots of the whales.

他們不敢潛入水下和虎鯨群同游They don't dare to get in the water with orcas.

用竿綁定的攝像機是更好的選擇Attaching a camera to a pole is a safer option,

只要不會擋到鯨群的前進路線provided the whales aren't put off by it.

沒人知道接下去會發(fā)生什么No-one is prepared for what happens next.

告訴她你剛剛看到的Tell her what you just saw.

整個鯨群都來到了這里The entire pod arrives.

虎鯨與人對峙Eyeball to eyeball,

這大概是與鯨群最親密的接觸了this is about as close to killer whales as it's possible to get.

用多支隊伍和不同攝像機By using multiple crews and cameras,

《冰凍星球》攝制組詳細記述了the Frozen Planet team have been able to

埃里伯斯火山的全貌capture the full Erebus story,

從火山口的熔巖from the fire at its crater

到沿著冰蓋邊緣游動的鯨群down to the whales that patrol its frozen shores.

感受鯨魚在我面前呼吸? 太榮幸了It's quite a privilege to feel whale breath on your face.