前言
運(yùn)行時(shí)權(quán)限在這里就不介紹了。具體的可以移駕官方文檔，或看其他博客，這篇文章只會(huì)教你如何使用動(dòng)態(tài)權(quán)限。
文章目錄:
一、危險(xiǎn)權(quán)限列表
二、官方運(yùn)行時(shí)權(quán)限示例
三、運(yùn)行時(shí)權(quán)限封裝
一、危險(xiǎn)權(quán)限列表
在這邊給出官方地址：正常權(quán)限和危險(xiǎn)權(quán)限
表 1. 危險(xiǎn)權(quán)限和權(quán)限組。
二、動(dòng)態(tài)權(quán)限申請(qǐng)官方示例
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private MainActivity thisActivity;
private final int MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS = 1024;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
thisActivity = this;
if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
//開始檢查權(quán)限
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(thisActivity, Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS)
!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
// 判斷是否拒絕過權(quán)限
if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(thisActivity,
Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS)) {
//向用戶解釋 為什么要權(quán)限，然后再次嘗試權(quán)限請(qǐng)求
} else {
//權(quán)限框第一次彈出，不需要解釋，直接請(qǐng)求(當(dāng)然，解釋解釋更好!)
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(thisActivity,
new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS},
MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS);
}
} else {
//執(zhí)行此權(quán)限該做的事情
Toast.makeText(thisActivity, "權(quán)限授權(quán)處：1", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
} else {
//執(zhí)行此權(quán)限該做的事情
Toast.makeText(thisActivity, "權(quán)限授權(quán)處：1", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
switch (requestCode) {
case MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS: {
// If request is cancelled, the result arrays are empty.
if (grantResults.length > 0
&& grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
//執(zhí)行此權(quán)限該做的事情
Toast.makeText(thisActivity, "權(quán)限授權(quán)處：2", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} else {
//權(quán)限被拒絕了
}
return;
}
// 其他權(quán)限的鍵值
default:
}
}
}
注:即使獲得權(quán)限也不要過度依賴它，因?yàn)橛脩艨赡苁褂闷渌澜脵?quán)限，調(diào)用沒有權(quán)限代碼會(huì)拋出SecurityException異常
三 、運(yùn)行時(shí)權(quán)限封裝
public class PermissionUtil {
public static final int REQUEST_CODE_REQUEST_PERMISSION = 1027;
private static final String PACKAGE_URL_SCHEME = "package:";
private static final int REQUEST_CODE_REQUEST_SETTING = 1028;
public interface PermissionListener {
void allGranted(); //申請(qǐng)的權(quán)限已全部被允許;
}
public static class PermissionTool {
private PermissionListener mListener;
public PermissionTool(PermissionListener listener) {
mListener = listener;
}
public void checkAndRequestPermission(Activity activity, String... needPermissions) {
boolean isAllGranted = true;
for (String needPermission : needPermissions) {
if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(activity, needPermission)
!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
isAllGranted = false;
}
Log.d("state", ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(activity, needPermission) + "");
}
if (isAllGranted) {
mListener.allGranted();
} else {
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity, needPermissions, REQUEST_CODE_REQUEST_PERMISSION);
}
}
public void onRequestPermissionResult(final Activity activity,
int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
if (requestCode == REQUEST_CODE_REQUEST_PERMISSION) {
boolean allGrant = true;
for (int i = 0; i < grantResults.length; i++) {
if (grantResults[i] != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
allGrant = false;
}
Log.d("PermissionTool", "onRequestPermissionResult(): " + grantResults[i] + "permission" + permissions[i]);
}
if (allGrant) {
mListener.allGranted();
} else {
Toast.makeText(activity, "部分所需權(quán)限未開啟，將影響功能正常使用，請(qǐng)開啟權(quán)限！", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
startAppSettings(activity);
}
}
}
public void startAppSettings(Activity activity) {
Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS);
intent.setData(Uri.parse(PACKAGE_URL_SCHEME + activity.getPackageName()));
activity.startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_CODE_REQUEST_SETTING);
}
}
}
使用實(shí)例：
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private PermissionUtil.PermissionTool permissionTool;
private String[] requestPermissions = new String[]{
Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH,
Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN,
Manifest.permission.INTERNET,
Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION,
Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
};
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
permissionTool = new PermissionUtil.PermissionTool(new PermissionUtil.PermissionListener() {
@Override
public void allGranted() {
initView();
}
});
permissionTool.checkAndRequestPermission(MainActivity.this, requestPermissions);
} else {
initView();
}
}
private void initView() {
//在這里做界面初始化
}
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
permissionTool.onRequestPermissionResult(this, requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
}
}
附錄：權(quán)限-小知識(shí)點(diǎn).
硬件權(quán)限檢查
<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.camera" android:required="false" />
如果聲明 android:required="false",說明允許您的應(yīng)用安裝在沒有該功能的設(shè)備上。不過運(yùn)行的時(shí)候必須調(diào)用PackageManager.hasSystemFeature()方法檢查是否有此硬件。
Activity權(quán)限檢查
在標(biāo)簽上使用android:permission屬性，開啟該Activity需要使用權(quán)限，如果沒有權(quán)限則拋出SecurityException異常
Service 權(quán)限檢查
在標(biāo)簽上使用android:permission屬性，開啟該Service 需要使用權(quán)限，如果沒有權(quán)限則拋出SecurityException異常
Broadcast權(quán)限檢查
發(fā)送廣播的時(shí)候附帶權(quán)限，在接收該廣播的時(shí)候也需要相應(yīng)權(quán)限才能接收，在標(biāo)簽上使用android:permission屬性，接收該Broadcast使用權(quán)限，如果沒有權(quán)限則接收不到廣播
本文有不當(dāng)之處還望多指出，更多權(quán)限相關(guān)請(qǐng)移步官網(wǎng)：
