Main.java

package test;

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        GameModel.getInstance();
        System.out.println(GameModel.getInstance().objects);
    }
}

GameModel.java

package test;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class GameModel {

    List<Tank> objects = new ArrayList<Tank>();
    private  static GameModel INSTANCE = new GameModel();

    private GameModel() {
       new Tank();
   }

    public static GameModel getInstance() {
        return INSTANCE;
    }

    public void add(Tank t) {

        this.objects.add(t);
    }
}

Tank.java

package test;

import java.awt.*;

public class Tank {

    public Tank() {
        GameModel.getInstance().add(this);

    }
}

運行Main.main() 報錯：

/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk-12.jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java -javaagent:/Applications/IntelliJ IDEA CE.app/Contents/lib/idea_rt.jar=52752:/Applications/IntelliJ IDEA CE.app/Contents/bin -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath /Library/Java/www/DesignPatterns/game_tank/out/production/game_tank test.Main
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError
    at test.Main.main(Main.java:6)
Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException
    at test.Tank.<init>(Tank.java:8)
    at test.GameModel.init(GameModel.java:20)
    at test.GameModel.<init>(GameModel.java:16)
    at test.GameModel.<clinit>(GameModel.java:9)
    ... 1 more

Process finished with exit code 1

報錯分析：
GameModel.getInstance()
--》 return INSTANCE;
--》 private static GameModel INSTANCE = new GameModel();
--》
private GameModel() {
new Tank();
}
--》執(zhí)行Tank的構(gòu)造方法
--》 GameModel.getInstance().add(this);
--》 此時使用add()報錯： 此時GameModel并未完成實例化操作、Tank的構(gòu)造方法中拿不到一個GameModel實例、因此報空指針

解決方案：
將GameModel初始化邏輯移出構(gòu)造方法、放置靜態(tài)代碼塊、即先實例化成功--》new Tank() --> Tank此時可以拿到GameModel實例 --》 bug解決

GameModel.java
改動前：

public class GameModel {

    private GameModel() {
       new Tank();
   }

}

改動后：

public class GameModel {

    static {
        new Tank();
    }

    private GameModel() {}
}