馬賽人
馬賽人是東非的一個土著族群。他們生活在肯尼亞南部和坦桑尼亞北部的大裂谷。雖然是土著族群，但他們也有豐富和多樣的文化，并且有自己沿襲多年的宗法，族里重要的事情都由族內(nèi)年長的男性做決定。其代表性的行為，是對即將成年的男孩和女孩進行割禮的傳統(tǒng)儀式，這是傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代社會的典型區(qū)別。雖然女性割禮儀式和童婚都是已經(jīng)立法禁止的行為，但這些做法仍時有發(fā)生在馬賽部落。
這兒，
有一個不向命運低頭的馬賽人。
她說，
I had a dream where all the girls in my village could go to school.
我有一個夢想，我村里的所有女孩都可以上學。
她叫Kakenya Ntaiya,她創(chuàng)辦了一個女子學校。
For thousands of families in Kenya, seven cows are more valuable than a girl’s future.
對于肯尼亞成千上萬的家庭來說，7頭母牛比一個女孩的未來更有價值。
kakenya Ntaiya在遠處的一個小村莊造了一棟建筑，而這棟建筑可能會改變一切。
?
There's a group of people in Kenya. People cross oceans to go see them. These people are tall. They jump high. They wear red. And they kill lions.
在肯尼亞有一群人。人們跨越海洋去看他們。這些人高。他們跳得高。他們穿著紅色的衣服。他們獵殺獅子。
You might be wondering, who are these people? These are the Maasais. And you know what's cool? I'm actually one of them.
你可能會想，這些人是誰?這些是馬賽人。你知道什么是酷嗎?我實際上是其中之一。
The Maasais, the boys are brought up to be warriors. The girls are brought up to be mothers.
馬賽人，男孩們被培養(yǎng)成為戰(zhàn)士。這些女孩長大后都是母親。
When I was five years old, I found out that I was engaged to be married as soon as I reached puberty. My mother, my grandmother, my aunties, they constantly reminded me that your husband just passed by. Cool, yeah?
當我五歲的時候，我發(fā)現(xiàn)我在進入青春期的時候就已經(jīng)訂婚了。我的母親，我的祖母，我的阿姨們，他們經(jīng)常提醒我，你的丈夫剛剛過去。很酷,是嗎?
?
And everything I had to do from that moment was to prepare me to be a perfect woman at age 12.
從那一刻起，我所要做的一切就是讓我在12歲時成為一個完美的女人。
My day started at 5 in the morning, milking the cows, sweeping the house, cooking for my siblings, collecting water, firewood.I did everything that I needed to do to become a perfect wife.
我每天早上五點起床，擠牛奶，打掃屋子，為我的兄弟姐妹做飯，收集水，木柴。為了成為一個完美的妻子，我做了所有我需要做的事情。
I went to school not because the Maasais' women or girls were going to school.It's because my mother was denied an education,and she constantly reminded me and my siblings thatshe never wanted us to live the life she was living.
我上學不是因為馬賽人的女人或女孩上學。這是因為我的母親被剝奪了受教育的機會，她不斷地提醒我和我的兄弟姐妹們，她從來不想讓我們過她的生活。
Why did she say that? My father worked as a policeman in the city. He came home once a year. We didn't see him for sometimes even two years. And whenever he came home, it was a different case.
她為什么這么說?我父親在城里當警察。他一年回家一次。我們有時甚至連兩年都沒見到他。每次他回家的時候，情況就不同了。
My mother worked hard in the farm to grow crops so that we can eat. She reared the cows and the goats so that she can care for us.
我母親在農(nóng)場辛勤工作，種莊稼，讓我們有東西可以吃。她養(yǎng)了奶牛和山羊以便能照顧我們。
But when my father came, he would sell the cows, he would sell the products we had, and he went and drank with his friends in the bars.
但當我父親來的時候，他會賣牛，他會賣我們的東西然后他和他的朋友一起去酒吧喝酒。
Because my mother was a woman, she was not allowed to own any property, and by default,everything in my family anyway belongs to my father, so he had the right. And if my mother ever questioned him, he beat her, abused her, and really it was dificult.
因為我母親是一個女人，她不允許擁有任何財產(chǎn)，而在默認情況下，我的家庭里所有的東西都屬于我父親，所以他有權(quán)利。曾經(jīng)如果我母親問他，他會打她，虐待她，這真的很困難。
When I went to school, I had a dream. I wanted to become a teacher.Teachers looked nice. They wear nice dresses, high-heeled shoes. I found out later that they are uncomfortable, but I admired it.
當我上學的時候，我有一個夢想。我想成為一名教師。老師看起來不錯。他們穿漂亮的衣服，穿高跟鞋。后來我發(fā)現(xiàn)跟鞋并不舒服，但我很欣賞。
But most of all,the teacher was just writing on the board -- not hard work,that's what I thought, compared to what I was doing in the farm.So I wanted to become a teacher.
但最重要的是，老師只是在黑板上寫字——不是辛苦的工作，這是我所想的，與我在農(nóng)場里做的相比。所以我想成為一名教師。
I worked hard in school, but when I was in eighth grade, it was a determining factor. In our tradition, there is a ceremony that girls have to undergo to become women, and it's a rite of passage to womanhood.
我在學校學習很努力，但是當我八年級的時候，有一個決定性的因素。在我們的傳統(tǒng)習俗中，女孩必須經(jīng)歷一場儀式才能成為女人，這是女人的必經(jīng)之路。
And then I was just finishing my eighth grade, and that was a transition for me to go to high school. This was the crossroad.Once I go through this tradition, I was going to become a wife.Well, my dream of becoming a teacher will not come to pass.
然后我完成了我的八年級，這是我上高中的過渡。這是十字路口。一旦我經(jīng)歷了這個傳統(tǒng)，我就會成為一個妻子。那我夢想成為一名教師的夢想就不會實現(xiàn)。
So I talked -- I had to come up with a plan to figure these things out.
所以我想了想，我必須想出一個計劃來解決這些問題。
?I talked to my father.I did something that most girls have never done.
我和我父親說，我做了很多女孩從未做過的事。
I told my father, "I will only go through this ceremony if you let me go back to school.
我說:“如果你讓我回到學校，我只會參加這個儀式?！?/p>
The reason why, if I ran away, my father will have a stigma, people will be calling him the father of that girl who didn't go through the ceremony.
“如果我跑了，我父親就會有污名，人們會把他稱為那個沒有參加婚禮的女孩的父親?！?/p>
It was a shameful thing for him to carry the rest of his life.
對他來說，這是一件可恥的事情。
So he figured out. "Well," he said, "okay, you'll go to school after the ceremony
所以他想清楚了。他說，“好吧，儀式結(jié)束后你就去上學?！?/p>
I did. The ceremony happened. It's a whole week long of excitement. It's a ceremony. People are enjoying it.?And the day before the actual ceremony happens, we were dancing, having excitement, and through all the night we did not sleep.
我做到了。儀式舉行了。這是整整一個星期的激動。這是一個儀式。人們對于此很享受。在真正的儀式開始前的一天，我們在跳舞，興奮不已，整個晚上我們都沒有睡覺。
The actual day came, and we walked out of the house that we were dancing in. Yes, we danced and danced. We walked out to the courtyard, and there were a bunch of people waiting. They were all in a circle. And as we danced and danced, and we approached this circle of women, men, women, children, everybody was there.?There was a woman sitting in the middle of it, and this woman was waiting to hold us.
真正的儀式來臨了。我們走出了跳舞的房子。是的，我們一直在跳舞。我們走到院子里，有一群人在等著。他們都在一個圈子里。隨著我們一直的跳舞，我們靠近了這些女人，男人，女人，孩子，每個人都在那里。有一個女人坐在中間，這個女人正等著我們。
I was the first. There were my sisters and a couple of other girls, and as I approached her, she looked at me, and I sat down. And I sat down, and I opened my legs. As I opened my leg, another woman came, and this woman was carrying a knife. And as she carried the knife, she walked toward me and she held the clitoris, and she cut it off.
我是第一個.另外還有我的姐妹和其他幾個女孩，當我走近她時，她看著我，我坐下來。我坐下來，張開雙腿。當我打開我的腿時，另一個女人來了，這個女人手里拿著一把刀。當她拿著那把刀時，她向我走來，她抓住了陰蒂，她把它割掉了。
As you can imagine, I bled. I bled. After bleeding for a while, I fainted thereafter. It's something that so many girls -- I'm lucky, I never died -- but many die.
你可以想象，我流血了。我流血了。在流了一段時間之后，我暈倒了。有那么多女孩都經(jīng)歷了這件事情——我很幸運，我沒有死——但很多人都死了。
It's practiced, it's no anesthesia, it's a rusty old knife, and it was difficult.
這是一場實踐，沒有麻醉，一把生銹的舊刀，很困難。
I was lucky because one, also, my mom did something that most women don't do. Three days later, after everybody has left the home, my mom went and brought a nurse. We were taken care of.
我很幸運，因為我媽媽做了一件大多數(shù)女人都不做的事。三天后，在每個人都離開家后，我媽媽帶了一名護士回來。我們被照顧著。
Three weeks later, I was healed, and I was back in high school. I was so determined to be a teacher now so that I could make a difference in my family.
三周后，我痊愈了，我又回到了高中。我下定決心要成為一名教師，這樣我就能在家庭中有所作為。
Well, while I was in high school, something happened. I met a young gentleman from our village who had been to the University of Oregon.
當我上高中的時候，發(fā)生了一件事。我遇到一位來自我們村的年輕先生，他曾到過俄勒岡大學。
This man was wearing a white t-shirt, jeans, camera, white sneakers -- and I'm talking about white sneakers. There is something about clothes, I think, and shoes. They were sneakers, and this is in a village that doesn't even have paved roads. It was quite attractive.
這個人穿著白色的t恤，牛仔褲，照相機，白色運動鞋——我說的是白色運動鞋。我覺得這些衣服和鞋子很特別。他們是運動鞋耶，而這是一個連路都沒有鋪的小村子，所以他非常吸引人。
I told him, "Well, I want to go to where you are," because this man looked very happy, and I admired that.
我告訴他，“好吧，我想去你的地方?！币驗檫@個男人看起來很開心，我很欽佩他。
And he told me, "Well, what do you mean, you want to go? Don't you have a husband waiting for you?"
他告訴我，“你說什么，你想去?”難道你沒有一個丈夫在等著你嗎?”
And I told him, "Don't worry about that part. Just tell me how to get there."
我告訴他，“別擔心那部分。告訴我怎么去那兒?！?/p>
This gentleman, he helped me. While I was in high school also, my dad was sick. He got a stroke, and he was really, really sick, so he really couldn't tell me what to do next.
這位先生，他幫助了我。當我還在上高中的時候，我爸爸病了。他中風了，他病得很厲害，所以他真的不能告訴我下一步要做什么。
But the problem is, my father is not the only father I have. Everybody who is my dad's age, male in the community, is my father by default -- my uncles, all of them -- and they dictate what my future is.
但問題是，我父親不是我唯一的父親。每個人跟我父親同齡的，在社區(qū)里的男性，是我父親的默認——我的叔叔，他們所有人——他們決定了我的未來。
So the news came, I applied to school and I was accepted to Randolph-Macon Woman's College in Lynchburg, Virginia, and I couldn't come without the support of the village, because I needed to raise money to buy the air ticket.
我申請了學校，我被弗吉尼亞州林奇堡的馬夫-馬肯女子學院錄取了，但是沒有村子的支持，我去不了，因為我需要籌錢買機票。
I got a scholarship but I needed to get myself here. But I needed the support of the village, and here again, when the men heard, and the people heard that a woman had gotten an opportunity to go to school, they said, "What a lost opportunity. This should have been given to a boy. We can't do this."
我得到了獎學金，但我要想法子去到那里。我需要村里的支持，當男人聽到以后，當人們聽到一個女人有機會去上學的時候，他們說，“多么浪費的一個機會啊。這應該是給一個男孩的。我們不能這么做?！?/p>
So I went back and I had to go back to the tradition. There's a belief among our people that morning brings good news. So I had to come up with something to do with the morning, because there's good news in the morning.
所以我只好回去，我不得不回到傳統(tǒng)。在我們的人民中有一種信念，那就是早晨會帶來好消息。所以我必須想想在早上能做什么，因為早上有好消息。
And in the village also, there is one chief, an elder, who if he says yes, everybody will follow him. So I went to him very early in the morning, as the sun rose. The first thing he sees when he opens his door is, it's me.
在這個村子里，有一個酋長，一個長者，如果他答應了，每個人都會跟著他。所以我一大早就去找他，太陽升起來了，當他打開門的時候，他看到的第一個人就是我。
"My child, what are you doing here?"
“我的孩子，你在這兒干什么?”
"Well, Dad, I need help. Can you support me to go to America? " I promised him that I would be the best girl, I will come back, anything they wanted after that, I will do it for them.
“爸爸，我需要幫助?！蹦隳苤С治胰ッ绹鴨?“我向他保證，我會是最好的女孩，我會回來的，他們想要的任何東西，我都會為他們做?！?/p>
He said, "Well, but I can't do it alone. " He gave me a list of another 15 men that I went -- 16 more men -- every single morning I went and visited them. They all came together. The village, the women, the men, everybody came together to support me to come to get an education.
他說，“好吧，但我不能單獨做這件事情?！八o了我另外15個男人的名單——之后又加了16個男人——每天早上我去拜訪他們?！庇幸惶焖麄兙墼谝黄稹４謇?，女人，男人，每個人都來支持我來接受教育。
I arrived in America. As you can imagine, what did I find? I found snow! I found Wal-Marts, vacuum cleaners, and lots of food in the cafeteria. I was in a land of plenty.
我抵達美國。你可以想象，我發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么?我發(fā)現(xiàn)雪!我找到了沃爾瑪、吸塵器和食堂里的很多食物。我在一個富饒的土地上。
I enjoyed myself, but during that moment while I was here, I discovered a lot of things. I learned that that ceremony that I went through when I was 13 years old, it was called female genital mutilation. I learned that it was against the law in Kenya.
我很享受，在我在這里的那一刻，我發(fā)現(xiàn)了很多東西。我了解到我13歲時經(jīng)歷的那個儀式，它被稱為女性生殖器切割。我知道這在肯尼亞是違法的。
I learned that I did not have to trade part of my body to get an education. I had a right. And as we speak right now, three million girls in Africa are at risk of going through this mutilation.
我了解到，我不需要用身體的一部分來換取教育。我有權(quán)利。此時此刻，在非洲有300萬女孩面臨著這種被切割的危險。
I learned that my mom had a right to own property. I learned that she did not have to be abused because she is a woman. Those things made me angry. I wanted to do something.
我知道我媽媽有權(quán)擁有自己的財產(chǎn)。我知道她不需要因為她是一個女人被虐待。這一切讓我很生氣。我想做點什么。
As I went back, every time I went,I found that my neighbors' girls were getting married. They were getting mutilated.
每次我回去，我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的鄰居的女兒們都結(jié)婚了。他們被切割了。
And here, after I graduated from here, I worked at the U.N. , I went back to school to get my graduate work, the constant cry of these girls was in my face. I had to do something.
我從這里畢業(yè)后，我在聯(lián)合國工作。我回到學校，想要得到我的畢業(yè)工作，我常常想到這些女孩不斷的哭叫聲。我必須做點什么。
As I went back, I started talking to the men, to the village, and mothers, and I said, "I want to give back the way I had promised you that I would come back and help you. What do you need?"
當我回去的時候，我開始和男人、村莊和母親交談，我說，“我想要回報我曾經(jīng)向你承諾過的，我會回來幫助你的?！蹦阈枰裁磫?”
As I spoke to the women, they told me, "You know what we need? We really need a school for girls. " Because there had not been any school for girls.
當我和這些女人交談時，她們告訴我:“你知道我們需要什么嗎?”我們真的需要一所女子學校。因為從未有一所提供給女生的學校。
And the reason they wanted the school for girls is because when a girl is raped when she's walking to school, the mother is blamed for that. If she got pregnant before she got married, the mother is blamed for that, and she's punished. She's beaten. They said, "We wanted to put our girls in a safe place."
他們想要女子學校的原因是，如果一個女孩在上學時被強奸，母親因此受到責備。如果她在結(jié)婚前懷孕，母親就會受到責備，她會受到懲罰。她會被毒打。他們說，“我們想把我們的女孩放在一個安全的地方?！?/p>
As we moved, and I went to talk to the fathers, the fathers, of course, you can imagine what they said: "We want a school for boys."
我去和父親們談，當然，你們可以想象他們說的:“我們想要一所男孩的學校?！?/p>
And I said, "Well, there are a couple of men from my village who have been out and they have gotten an education. Why can't they build a school for boys, and I'll build a school for girls? " That made sense.?And they agreed.
我說，“從我們村里有好幾個男人出去了，他們接受了教育。為什么他們不能為男孩建一所學校，而我要為女孩子們建一所學校呢?“這是有道理的，他們同意了。
And I told them, I wanted them to show me a sign of commitment. And they did. They donated land where we built the girls' school. We have.
我告訴他們，我要他們展現(xiàn)承擔責任的精神他們做到了。他們捐贈了我們建造女子學校的土地。我們有了這所學校。
I want you to meet one of the girls in that school. Angeline came to apply for the school, and she did not meet any criteria that we had. She's an orphan. Yes, we could have taken her for that. But she was older. She was 12 years old, and we were taking girls who were in fourth grade.
我想讓你見見那所學校里的一個女孩。Angeline來申請學校，她沒有達到我們的任何標準。她是一個孤兒。是的，我們可以因此錄取她。但她有點大了，她12歲，我們帶的是四年級的女孩。
Angeline had been moving from one place -- because she's an orphan, she has no mother, she has no father -- moving from one grandmother's house to another one, from aunties to aunties. She had no stability in her life.
Angeline從一個地方搬出來——因為她是一個孤兒，她沒有母親，她沒有父親——從一個祖母的房子搬到另一個阿姨家姑姑家。她的生活沒有穩(wěn)定。
And I looked at her, I remember that day, and I saw something beyond what I was seeing in Angeline. And yes, she was older to be in fourth grade. We gave her the opportunity to come to the class.
我看著她，我記得那天，我看到了超越Angeline本身的東西。是的，她比四年級大一點。我們給了她機會來到教室。
Five months later, that is Angeline. A transformation had begun in her life. Angeline wants to be a pilot so she can fly around the world and make a difference.
這是五個月后的Angeline。她的生活發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)變。Angeline想成為一名飛躍世界的飛行員，這樣她就可以在世界各地飛行，并做出改變。
She was not the top student when we took her. Now she's the best student, not just in our school, but in the entire division that we are in.
當我們帶她去的時候，她并不是最優(yōu)秀的學生。現(xiàn)在她是最好的學生，不僅在我們學校，而且在我們所有的地區(qū)也是最優(yōu)秀的。
That's Sharon. That's five years later.
這是sharon,這是五年后。
That's Evelyn. Five months later, that is the difference that we are making.
這是Evelyn。五個月后，這使我們的成果。
As a new dawn is happening in my school, a new beginning is happening. As we speak right now, 125 girls will never be mutilated. One hundred twenty-five girls will not be married when they're 12 years old. One hundred twenty-five girls are creating and achieving their dreams.
我們學校迎來了一個新黎明，，引來了新的開始。此時此刻，125個女孩永遠不會被切割。125個女孩不會在在12歲的時候就結(jié)婚。一百二十五名女孩正在創(chuàng)造和實現(xiàn)她們的夢想。
This is the thing that we are doing, giving them opportunities where they can rise. As we speak right now, women are not being beaten because of the revolutions we've started in our community.
這是我們正在做的事情，給他們機會，讓他們能夠站起來。此時此刻，婦女不會被虐打，因為我們的社區(qū)開始革命了。
I want to challenge you today. You are listening to me because you are here, very optimistic. You are somebody who is so passionate. You are somebody who wants to see a better world. You are somebody who wants to see that war ends, no poverty.
我今天想挑戰(zhàn)你們。因為們非常樂觀，所以你們出現(xiàn)在這里聽我說。你們有如此的熱情，你們想看到一個更美好的世界。你們想看到戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束，貧窮消失。
You are somebody who wants to make a difference. You are somebody who wants to make our tomorrow better. I want to challenge you today that to be the first, because people will follow you. Be the first. People will follow you. Be bold. Stand up. Be fearless. Be confident. Move out, because as you change your world, as you change your community, as we believe that we are impacting one girl, one family, one village, one country at a time.?We are making a difference.
你們想有所作為，你們想讓明天更美好。我想挑戰(zhàn)你們?nèi)プ鲆粋€走在前端的人，因為人們會追隨你。做第一個走在前面的人，人們會跟隨你。勇敢些，擔責任，不畏懼，有信心。走出去，因為當你改變了你的世界，當i改變了你的社區(qū)，當我們相信我們一次影響一個女孩兒，一個家庭，一個村莊，一個國家，我們就能發(fā)揮作用。
So if you change your world, you are going to change your community, you are going to change your country, and think about that. If you do that, and I do that, aren't we going to create a better future for our children, for your children, for our grandchildren? And we will live in a very peaceful world. Thank you very much.
因此，如果你想改變你的世界，你就會改變你的社區(qū)，就會改變你的社區(qū)，想一想吧。如果你這樣做，我這樣做，我們不是在為我們的后代，你們的后代創(chuàng)造一個更美好的未來嗎？我們將會住在一個非常和平的世界。謝謝大家。
其實我收集這篇文章不是呼吁大家去改變世界，不是每個人都有能力可以為社會做點什么，但是肯定能為自己做點什么。kakenya Ntaiya出生在那樣一個不公平的環(huán)境里，她在那里幾乎沒有地位，幾乎所有的女性都沒有地位，她們一出生就已經(jīng)被安排好了人生，可是Kakenya Ntaiya不服，她開始談判開始去找酋長，開始在每個清晨去找有多一次的16個男人，然后她看到了沃爾瑪看到了吸塵器，她出現(xiàn)在了一個富饒的土地上，她改變了自己的人生。你不一定能改變世界，但你一定能改變你自己。
