python Django(三)
Django單表操作-MySQL
1、創(chuàng)建應(yīng)用
1.1、添加應(yīng)用
py manage.py startapp empmanager
1.2、修改配置
修改settings.py文件的INSTALLED_APPS配置項(xiàng)
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'studentmanager', # 注冊(cè)自己的應(yīng)用
'empmanager', # 注冊(cè)自己的應(yīng)用
]
1.3、配置MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫信息
DATABASES = {
'default': {
# 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
# 'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3',
# 配置MySQL信息
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
'NAME': 'python_db', # 要操作的數(shù)據(jù)庫
'USER': 'root', # 連接用戶名
'PASSWORD': 'root', # 密碼
'HOST': 'localhost', # 指定數(shù)據(jù)庫所在ip地址
'PORT': 3306, # 數(shù)據(jù)庫端口
}
1.4、安裝PyMySQL
1、pip install pymysql
2、pycharm工具安裝
然后在當(dāng)前應(yīng)用下的init文件下配置,告訴 Django 使用 pymysql 模塊連接 mysql 數(shù)據(jù)庫。
import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()
2、生成數(shù)據(jù)表
2.1、創(chuàng)建模型
# 員工模型
class Django_Employee(models.Model):
db_table = 'Django_Employee' # 生成數(shù)據(jù)庫員工表名
# id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) # id 會(huì)自動(dòng)創(chuàng)建,可以手動(dòng)寫入
name = models.CharField(max_length=30) # 字符串
sex = models.CharField(max_length=2,default='男') # 性別
salary = models.DecimalField(max_digits=8,decimal_places=2) # 薪資
birth = models.DateField() # 日期類型
isDep = models.ForeignKey('Django_Department',on_delete=models.CASCADE) # 屬于哪個(gè)部門
# 部門模型
class Django_Department(models.Model):
db_table = 'Django_Department' # 生成數(shù)據(jù)庫部門表名
name = models.CharField(max_length=30)
2.2、生成遷移文件
根據(jù)模型類型生成sql語句。
py manage.py makemigrations
生成的遷移文件就在migrations文件夾下
operations = [
migrations.CreateModel(
name='Django_Department',
fields=[
('id', models.AutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')),
('name', models.CharField(max_length=30)),
],
),
migrations.CreateModel(
name='Django_Employee',
fields=[
('id', models.AutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')),
('name', models.CharField(max_length=30)),
('sex', models.CharField(default='男', max_length=2)),
('salary', models.DecimalField(decimal_places=2, max_digits=8)),
('birth', models.DateField()),
('isDep', models.ForeignKey(on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to='empmanager.django_department')),
]
2.3、執(zhí)行遷移
執(zhí)行sql語句生成數(shù)據(jù)表。
py manage.py migrate
使用MySQL可視化工具查看生成的表。
3、數(shù)據(jù)操作
配置應(yīng)用路由
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from django.conf.urls import url,include
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('stu/',include('studentmanager.urls')), # 配置studentmanager的urls
path('emp/',include('empmanager.urls')), # 配置studentmanager的urls
]
在應(yīng)用下創(chuàng)建urls.py并配置增刪改查路由
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.urls import path
from empmanager import views
urlpatterns = [
# 通過url設(shè)置url路由配置項(xiàng)
path('list', views.index), # 顯示所有
path('save', views.save), # 添加
path('delete', views.delete), # 刪除
path('update', views.update) # 修改
]
3.1、數(shù)據(jù)添加
# 添加員工信息
@csrf_exempt
def save(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
name = request.POST.get('name')
sex = request.POST.get('sex')
salary = request.POST.get('salary')
birth = request.POST.get('birth')
depid = request.POST.get('depid')
department = Django_Department(
id = depid
)
employee = Django_Employee(
name = name,
sex = sex,
salary = salary,
birth = birth,
)
employee.isDep = department
employee.save()
return index(request)
3.2、數(shù)據(jù)修改
# 修改學(xué)生信息
def update(request):
if request.method == "GET":
id = request.GET.get('id')
emp = Django_Employee.objects.get(id=id)
deps = Django_Department.objects.all()
return render(request,'empmanager/edit.html',{
'emp': emp,
'deps':deps
})
3.3、刪除刪除
# 刪除員工信息
def delete(request):
if request.method == 'GET':
id = request.GET.get('id')
stu = Django_Employee.objects.filter(id = id)
stu.delete()
return index(request)
3.4、簡(jiǎn)單數(shù)據(jù)查詢
def index(request):
emps = Django_Employee.objects.all()
return render(request,'empmanager/emps.html',{'data':emps})
3.5、核心頁面
修改頁面
<div>
<form action="/emp/save" method="Post">
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="{% csrf_token %}"/>
<input type="hidden" name="id" value="{{emp.id}}"/><br>
<input type="text" name="name" value = "{{emp.name}}"/><br>
<input type="text" name="sex" value = "{{emp.sex}}"/><br>
<input type="text" name="salary" value = "{{emp.salary}}"/><br>
<input type="text" name="birth" value = "{{emp.birth|date:'Y-m-d'}}"/><br>
<select name="depid">
{% for item in deps%}
{%if emp.isDep.id == item.id%}
<option value="{{item.id}}" selected>{{item.name}}</option>
{% else %}
<option value="{{item.id}}">{{item.name}}</option>
{% endif%}
{% endfor %}
</select><br>
<input type="submit" value="修改" />
</form>
</div>
顯示添加頁面
<div>
<form action="/emp/save" method="Post">
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="{% csrf_token %}"/>
<input type="text" name="name" placeholder="用戶名"/><br>
<input type="text" name="sex" placeholder="性別"/><br>
<input type="text" name="salary" placeholder="薪資"/><br>
<input type="text" name="birth" placeholder="生日"/><br>
<select name="depid">
{% for item in deps%}
<option value="{{item.id}}">{{item.name}}</option>
{% endfor %}
</select>
<input type="submit" value="添加" />
</form>
</div>
<div>
<table>
{% for row in emps %}
<tr>
<td>{{ row.name }}</td>
<td>{{ row.sex }}</td>
<td>{{ row.salary }}</td>
<td>{{ row.birth }}</td>
<td>
<a href="/emp/delete?id={{row.id}}">刪除</a>
<a href="/emp/update?id={{row.id}}">修改</a>
</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</table>
</div>
