方法一、docker pull mysql

查找Docker Hub上的mysql鏡像

runoob@runoob:/mysql$ docker search mysql
NAME                     DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql                    MySQL is a widely used, open-source relati...   2529      [OK]       
mysql/mysql-server       Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Crea...   161                  [OK]
centurylink/mysql        Image containing mysql. Optimized to be li...   45                   [OK]
sameersbn/mysql                                                          36                   [OK]
google/mysql             MySQL server for Google Compute Engine          16                   [OK]
appcontainers/mysql      Centos/Debian Based Customizable MySQL Con...   8                    [OK]
marvambass/mysql         MySQL Server based on Ubuntu 14.04              6                    [OK]
drupaldocker/mysql       MySQL for Drupal                                2                    [OK]
azukiapp/mysql           Docker image to run MySQL by Azuki - http:...   2                    [OK]
...

這里我們拉取官方的鏡像,標簽為5.6

runoob@runoob:~/mysql$ docker pull mysql:5.6

等待下載完成后，我們就可以在本地鏡像列表里查到REPOSITORY為mysql,標簽為5.6的鏡像。

runoob@runoob:~/mysql$ docker images |grep mysql
mysql               5.6                 2c0964ec182a        3 weeks ago         329 MB

方法二、通過 Dockerfile構(gòu)建

創(chuàng)建Dockerfile
首先，創(chuàng)建目錄mysql,用于存放后面的相關(guān)東西。

runoob@runoob:~$ mkdir -p ~/mysql/data ~/mysql/logs ~/mysql/conf

data目錄將映射為mysql容器配置的數(shù)據(jù)文件存放路徑
logs目錄將映射為mysql容器的日志目錄
conf目錄里的配置文件將映射為mysql容器的配置文件
進入創(chuàng)建的mysql目錄，創(chuàng)建Dockerfile

FROM debian:jessie

# add our user and group first to make sure their IDs get assigned consistently, regardless of whatever dependencies get added
RUN groupadd -r mysql && useradd -r -g mysql mysql

# add gosu for easy step-down from root
ENV GOSU_VERSION 1.7
RUN set -x \
    && apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends ca-certificates wget && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \
    && wget -O /usr/local/bin/gosu "https://github.com/tianon/gosu/releases/download/$GOSU_VERSION/gosu-$(dpkg --print-architecture)" \
    && wget -O /usr/local/bin/gosu.asc "https://github.com/tianon/gosu/releases/download/$GOSU_VERSION/gosu-$(dpkg --print-architecture).asc" \
    && export GNUPGHOME="$(mktemp -d)" \
    && gpg --keyserver ha.pool.sks-keyservers.net --recv-keys B42F6819007F00F88E364FD4036A9C25BF357DD4 \
    && gpg --batch --verify /usr/local/bin/gosu.asc /usr/local/bin/gosu \
    && rm -r "$GNUPGHOME" /usr/local/bin/gosu.asc \
    && chmod +x /usr/local/bin/gosu \
    && gosu nobody true \
    && apt-get purge -y --auto-remove ca-certificates wget

RUN mkdir /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d

# FATAL ERROR: please install the following Perl modules before executing /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db:
# File::Basename
# File::Copy
# Sys::Hostname
# Data::Dumper
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y perl pwgen --no-install-recommends && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

# gpg: key 5072E1F5: public key "MySQL Release Engineering <mysql-build@oss.oracle.com>" imported
RUN apt-key adv --keyserver ha.pool.sks-keyservers.net --recv-keys A4A9406876FCBD3C456770C88C718D3B5072E1F5

ENV MYSQL_MAJOR 5.6
ENV MYSQL_VERSION 5.6.31-1debian8

RUN echo "deb http://repo.mysql.com/apt/debian/ jessie mysql-${MYSQL_MAJOR}" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mysql.list

# the "/var/lib/mysql" stuff here is because the mysql-server postinst doesn't have an explicit way to disable the mysql_install_db codepath besides having a database already "configured" (ie, stuff in /var/lib/mysql/mysql)
# also, we set debconf keys to make APT a little quieter
RUN { \
        echo mysql-community-server mysql-community-server/data-dir select ''; \
        echo mysql-community-server mysql-community-server/root-pass password ''; \
        echo mysql-community-server mysql-community-server/re-root-pass password ''; \
        echo mysql-community-server mysql-community-server/remove-test-db select false; \
    } | debconf-set-selections \
    && apt-get update && apt-get install -y mysql-server="${MYSQL_VERSION}" && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/mysql && mkdir -p /var/lib/mysql /var/run/mysqld \
    && chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql /var/run/mysqld \
# ensure that /var/run/mysqld (used for socket and lock files) is writable regardless of the UID our mysqld instance ends up having at runtime
    && chmod 777 /var/run/mysqld

# comment out a few problematic configuration values
# don't reverse lookup hostnames, they are usually another container
RUN sed -Ei 's/^(bind-address|log)/#&/' /etc/mysql/my.cnf \
    && echo 'skip-host-cache\nskip-name-resolve' | awk '{ print } $1 == "[mysqld]" && c == 0 { c = 1; system("cat") }' /etc/mysql/my.cnf > /tmp/my.cnf \
    && mv /tmp/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf

VOLUME /var/lib/mysql

COPY docker-entrypoint.sh /usr/local/bin/
RUN ln -s usr/local/bin/docker-entrypoint.sh /entrypoint.sh # backwards compat
ENTRYPOINT ["docker-entrypoint.sh"]

EXPOSE 3306
CMD ["mysqld"]

通過Dockerfile創(chuàng)建一個鏡像，替換成你自己的名字

runoob@runoob:~/mysql$ docker build -t mysql .

創(chuàng)建完成后，我們可以在本地的鏡像列表里查找到剛剛創(chuàng)建的鏡像

runoob@runoob:~/mysql$ docker images |grep mysql
mysql               5.6                 2c0964ec182a        3 weeks ago         329 MB

使用mysql鏡像

運行容器

runoob@runoob:~/mysql$ docker run -p 3306:3306 --name mymysql -v $PWD/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v $PWD/logs:/logs -v $PWD/data:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql:5.6
21cb89213c93d805c5bacf1028a0da7b5c5852761ba81327e6b99bb3ea89930e
runoob@runoob:~/mysql$ 

命令說明：

• -p 3306:3306：將容器的 3306 端口映射到主機的 3306 端口。
• -v -v $PWD/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d：將主機當前目錄下的 conf/my.cnf 掛載到容器的 /etc/mysql/my.cnf。
• -v $PWD/logs:/logs：將主機當前目錄下的 logs 目錄掛載到容器的 /logs。
• -v $PWD/data:/var/lib/mysql ：將主機當前目錄下的data目錄掛載到容器的 /var/lib/mysql 。
• -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456：初始化 root 用戶的密碼。

查看容器啟動情況

runoob@runoob:~/mysql$ docker ps 
CONTAINER ID    IMAGE         COMMAND                  ...  PORTS                    NAMES
21cb89213c93    mysql:5.6    "docker-entrypoint.sh"    ...  0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp   mymysql

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2 篇筆記 寫筆記

1. Brian
   最新官方MySQL(5.7.19)的docker鏡像在創(chuàng)建時映射的配置文件目錄有所不同，在此記錄并分享給大家：
   官方原文：
   The MySQL startup configuration is specified in the file /etc/mysql/my.cnf, and that file in turn includes any files found in the /etc/mysql/conf.d directory that end with .cnf. Settings in files in this directory will augment and/or override settings in /etc/mysql/my.cnf. If you want to use a customized MySQL configuration, you can create your alternative configuration file in a directory on the host machine and then mount that directory location as /etc/mysql/conf.d inside the mysql container.
   大概意思是說：
   MySQL(5.7.19)的默認配置文件是 /etc/mysql/my.cnf 文件。如果想要自定義配置，建議向 /etc/mysql/conf.d 目錄中創(chuàng)建 .cnf 文件。新建的文件可以任意起名，只要保證后綴名是 cnf 即可。新建的文件中的配置項可以覆蓋 /etc/mysql/my.cnf 中的配置項。
   具體操作：
   首先需要創(chuàng)建將要映射到容器中的目錄以及.cnf文件，然后再創(chuàng)建容器

# pwd
    /opt
    # mkdir -p docker_v/mysql/conf
    # cd docker_v/mysql/conf
    # touch my.cnf
    # docker run -p 3306:3306 --name mysql -v /opt/docker_v/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d imageID
4ec4f56455ea2d6d7251a05b7f308e314051fdad2c26bf3d0f27a9b0c0a71414

命令說明：
* -p 3306:3306：將容器的3306端口映射到主機的3306端口
* -v /opt/docker_v/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d：將主機/opt/docker_v/mysql/conf目錄掛載到容器的/etc/mysql/conf.d
* -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456：初始化root用戶的密碼
* -d: 后臺運行容器，并返回容器ID
* **imageID: **mysql鏡像ID
查看容器運行情況

# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID IMAGE          COMMAND          ... PORTS                    NAMES
    4ec4f56455ea c73c7527c03a  "docker-entrypoint.sh" ... 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp   mysql

2. liaozesong
   參考地址
   docker 安裝 mysql 8 版本

# docker 中下載 mysql
    docker pull mysql
    #啟動
    docker run --name mysql -p 3306:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=Lzslov123! -d mysql
    #進入容器
    docker exec -it mysql bash
    #登錄mysql
    mysql -u root -p
    ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Lzslov123!';
    #添加遠程登錄用戶
    CREATE USER 'liaozesong'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'Lzslov123!';
    GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'liaozesong'@'%';

參考地址