分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞(Ving)和過去分詞(p.p.)

注意：現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞不代表時(shí)態(tài)，例：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行式 => am/are/is + Ving(現(xiàn)在分詞),am/are/is代表現(xiàn)在,Ving代表進(jìn)行；過去進(jìn)行式 => was/were + Ving(現(xiàn)在分詞),was/were

一、現(xiàn)在分詞

1.表動(dòng)作進(jìn)行，例：The girl is talking with Joe (女孩正在與喬交談)

2.表主動(dòng)，例：The girl having long hair is Mary (長發(fā)女孩是瑪麗)

二、過去分詞

過去分詞分為規(guī)則變化，例：walk-walked-walked；不規(guī)則變化，例：bite-bit-bitten

1.表動(dòng)作完成，例：David has just used the pen (大衛(wèi)剛剛使用了鋼筆)

2.表被動(dòng)，例：1. This is the pen used by David (這是大衛(wèi)用過的筆)

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?2. The pen was used by David (筆曾被大衛(wèi)使用過)

三、現(xiàn)在分詞的形容詞用法

1.現(xiàn)在分詞+名詞 (現(xiàn)在分詞只有一個(gè)字的時(shí)候放名詞前面)，例：

1. Don't wake the sleeping baby (別吵醒熟睡的寶寶)

2. The rising sun is very beautiful (日出非常美麗)

2.名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞+修飾語，例：

1. I saw a man working in the garden (我看到一個(gè)人在花園里工作)

2. I saw a girl playing the piano on the stage (我看到一個(gè)女孩在舞臺上彈鋼琴)

3. I saw a child sleeping on the grass (我看到一個(gè)孩子睡在草地上)

3.名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞+修飾語 => 當(dāng)主詞、受詞、補(bǔ)語

當(dāng)主詞：例：1. The woman sitting in the middle is Bob's mother (坐在中間的女士是Bob的母親)

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 2. Some of the people waiting for the bus became angry (等公交中的有些人變得很生氣)

當(dāng)受詞：例： 1. I know the boy running in the park (我認(rèn)識在公園跑步的男孩)

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?2. Do you have any friends living in Japan? (你有住在日本的朋友嗎?)

當(dāng)補(bǔ)語：例：1. The subway is the railway running under the ground (地鐵是在地下行駛的鐵路)

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 2. A nurse is a person taking care of sick people (護(hù)士是照顧病人的人)

四、過去分詞的形容詞用法

1.過去分詞+名詞 (過去分詞只有一個(gè)字的時(shí)候放名詞前面)，例：

1. I found the lost pen (我找到了丟失的鋼筆)

2. She bought a used car (她買了一輛二手車)

2.名詞+過去分詞+修飾語，例：

1. This is a picture painted about 200 years ago (這是一幅大約 200 年前的畫作)

2. We have some story books written in easy English (我們有一些用簡單英語編寫的故事書)

3.名詞+過去分詞+修飾語 => 當(dāng)主詞、受詞、補(bǔ)語

當(dāng)主詞：例：The language spoken in America is English (美國說的語言是英語)

當(dāng)受詞：例： I looked at a lot of picture taken in Kenting (我看了許多在墾丁拍的照片)

當(dāng)補(bǔ)語：例： This is a dress made for her (這是為她做的洋裝)

五、分詞的其他用法

1. S+V+現(xiàn)在分詞(當(dāng)補(bǔ)語)

a. keep+現(xiàn)在分詞：表示動(dòng)作的持續(xù)或重復(fù)

例：1. He kept standing for three hours (他一直站了三個(gè)小時(shí))

? ? ? ?2. The dog kept barking all night (那只狗整晚叫個(gè)不停)

b. come(stand,sit等)+現(xiàn)在分詞表示兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行

例：1. The children came running to meet us (孩子們跑來迎接我們)

? ? ? ?2. Jack stood looking at monkeys (Jack站著看猴子)

2. S+V+O+現(xiàn)在分詞(當(dāng)受詞補(bǔ)語)?

V => hear, see, feel, keep leave(留在什么樣的狀態(tài)之下)

例：1. I saw her crossing the road (我看見她在過馬路)

? ? ? ?2. Don't leave her waiting outside in the rain (不要讓她在外面淋雨等待)

3. S+V+O+過去分詞(當(dāng)受詞補(bǔ)語)?

V => make,have,let等 (使役動(dòng)詞)

例：1. I could not make myself understood in English (我無法用英語表達(dá)自己的意思)

? ? ? ?2. She heard her name called (她聽到有人叫她的名字)

? ? ? ?3. I had my hair cut (我剪了頭發(fā))