課前想一想
1.你覺得針對癌癥的篩查是必要的嗎?
2.“過度診斷”到底會造成多么嚴重的后果?
3.“副作用”應(yīng)該用哪個詞組來表達?
詞匯裝備庫
1.brood/bru:d/(v.)憂思,擔擾
2.frankly/fraenkli/(adv.)坦率地,坦誠地
3.statin/'staetn/(n.)他汀類藥物,抑制素(可降低血液中的膽固醇含量)
4.troublesome/'trablsem/(adj.)討厭的;麻煩的,棘手的
5.gruesome/'gru:som/(adj.)(通常用來描述死亡或者傷害)令人厭惡的,恐怖的,可怕的
6.dire/'darer/(adj.)嚴重的;危急的;很壞的
7.reassuring/ri:e'furin/(adj.)令人感到寬慰的;使人安心的;使人放心的
8.mortality/mo:r'taeleti/(n.)死亡數(shù)量,死亡率
the mortality rate死亡率
9.reduction/ri'dakjn/(n.)減少;減??;降低
10.skeptical/'skeptikl/(adj.)懷疑的,持懷疑態(tài)度的(英式英語中寫作sceptical)
*后面常跟介詞of/about
I am quite skeptical of your love.我很懷疑你對我的愛。
詞句兵工廠
So, has the test given me a warning in time, or has it just created unnecessary anxiety?
這個檢查是及時地給我了一個警告,還是只給我?guī)砹瞬槐匾慕箲]呢?
Note:
1.warning/wo:rnin/(n.)警告;告誡;提醒
2. in time及時*與on time的區(qū)別:兩個短語都有按時、準時的意思,in time一般表示動作在時
門間段內(nèi)或提前發(fā)生,而on time則強調(diào)準時、按時。
When he was hungry, I sent the bread to him in time.他餓時,我及時送了面包給他。
The train came in on time.火車準時進站。
3.unnecessary/An'neseseri/(adj.)不必要的;多余的
unnecessary expense 不必要的花費
We need to save money and cut out all unnecessar expenses.
我們需要省錢,削減所有不必要的開支。
4.anxiety/aen'zareti/(n.)焦慮,不安,擔心
Waiting for exam results is a time of great anxiety. 等待考試結(jié)果是一個非常焦慮的時刻。
Her daughter is a source of considerable anxiety.她的女兒總讓她很放心不下。
詞句兵工廠
Lovely, breathe away, well done.不錯,呼氣,很好。
Note:
1.lovely/'lavli/(adj.)快樂的;友善的;漂亮的(n.)美人,漂亮的東西
*相當于That's great/Cool/Brilliant/Ex-cellent/Awesome
2.breathe/bri:/(v.)呼吸
*注意區(qū)分:breath是名詞,表示呼吸的空氣,氣息
breathe away呼氣(相當于exhale)
breathe in吸氣(相當于inhale)
3.well done做得好,干得漂亮
Well done and congratulations! 干得漂亮,恭喜你!
-Daddy!I came second in history.-爸爸!我歷史考了第二名。
-Well done,sweetheart! -太棒了,我的寶貝兒!
詞句兵工廠
When a suspected cancer is discovered by screening, it will be confirmed by studying a biopsy,a sample of tissue taken from the patient.
如果篩查出疑似腫瘤,則需做活檢加以確認,會從病人身上取出組織樣本。
Note:
1.suspected/se'spektid/(adj.)有嫌疑的,疑似......的
He was taken to hospital after a suspected heart attack.他疑似心臟病發(fā)作,被送進了醫(yī)院。
2.screening/'skri:nin/(n.)測試;檢查;檢驗(后面通常跟介詞for)
screening for cervical cancer 對宮頸癌的篩查
3.confirm/ken'f3:rm/(v.)確認,確定;證實*后面可直接加something或that從句
Has everyone confirmed (that) she's coming? 大家都確認她要來了嗎?
4.biopsy/'bara:psi/(n.)活組織檢查(簡稱“活檢”,指從患者體內(nèi)取出病變組織,進行病理學檢查的技術(shù))
5.sample/'saempl/(n.)樣品;樣本
6.tissue/tru:/(n.)紙巾;(動物或植物的細胞)組織,人體組織
muscle tissue肌肉組織
fat tissue脂肪組織
詞句兵工廠
Many men receive surgery that is not only unnecessary, but has devastating side effects.
很多男性接受了不僅不必要,反而極具毀滅性副作用的手術(shù)。
Note:
1.receive/rr'si:v/(v.)得到;收到;受到
2.surgery/'s3:rdgeri/(n.)外科手術(shù)
receive/have/undergo surgery接受手術(shù)
The patient had/underwent surgery on his heart. 這位病人接受了心臟外科手術(shù)。
3.devastating/'devestertin/ (adj.)毀滅性的,破壞性極大的
devastating consequences/effects 極其嚴重的后果
Pesticides have had a devastating effect on the environment.
殺蟲劑對環(huán)境造成了毀滅性的影響。
4.side effect 副作用
Does this drug have any side effects? 這種藥有什么副作用嗎?
語法輕知識
反義疑問句的用法
The usage of disjunctive questions
Marker sentence :
Blimey, that's dire, isn't it? 天啊,這很可怕,是不是?
反義疑問句是由一個陳述句和一個附加在后面的疑問句組成,附加的疑問句是對陳述句所說的事實提出疑問,一般是用來證實某個事實或觀點。
1.陳述部分主、謂語是l am...時,反意疑問句用aren't I或ain't I
I'm as clever as him, aren't I/ain't I?我和他一樣聰明,不是嗎?
2.當陳述部分含有few,little,never,not,no one, nothing等含有否定意義的詞時,其反意疑問句需用肯定結(jié)構(gòu)
They never went to school late, did they?他們上學從沒遲到過,是不是?
3.當陳述部分含I think/believe/suppose等結(jié)構(gòu)時,其反意疑問句須與從句的主、謂語保持一致
I don't believe that he will come to comfort me , will he ? 我相信他不會來安慰我,是嗎?
4.陳述部分是there be句型時,其反意疑問句中要用there
There is a cafeteria at the conor, isn't there?轉(zhuǎn)角處有個咖啡廳,不是嗎?
5.祈使句后一般加上will you或won't you 構(gòu)成反意疑問句,用will you多表示“請求”,用won't you多表示提醒對方注意。
Look at your book, will you/won't you?看你的書,好嗎?
6.當陳述部分含有情態(tài)動詞must時,有兩種情況:
(1)如果must表示“一定;必須”,反意疑問句須用mustn't或needn't
(2)當must表示推測,意義為“一定是;必定”,反意疑問句需根據(jù)must后的動詞原形選用相應(yīng)的形式。
She must study hard in high school mustn't she ?她在高中必須努力學習,不是嗎?
He must be a detective, isn't he?也肯定是個偵探,不是嗎?
實戰(zhàn)練兵場
(2014年考研英語閱讀理解Text1)
Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.
But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each day's events.
60. The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be ___.
[A] quite trustworthy? [B] somewhat contradictory? [C] very illuminating? [D] rather superficial
解析:
superficial指僅在表面的,表層的;膚淺的,淺顯的選段中第一段的意思是:該項目最終所
發(fā)現(xiàn)的原因大都是新聞報道中的事實錯誤,拼寫或語法錯誤,以及許多關(guān)于讀者到底想讀些什么令人撓頭的困惑。第二段開頭的But表示轉(zhuǎn)折,后面才是表達的重點。But the sources of dis-
trust go way deeper這句話是關(guān)鍵句,表示不信任的根源其實是更深層次的四個選項中,A選項quite trustworthy表示非??尚诺?;B選項somewhat contradictory表示有點矛盾的;C選項very
illuminating指非常有啟發(fā)性的;D選項rather superficial,指相當膚淺的。只有D選項可以對應(yīng)第二段的go way deeper。
【答案】D
文化加油站
Internal organs of the human body
1.Heart心臟
2.Lungs肺
3.Stomach胃
4.Liver肝
5.Bladder膀胱
6.Intestines腸
7.Appendix
9.Vein靜脈
10.Artery動脈
主題打包盒
1.距離摩斯利的心臟掃描已經(jīng)過去了兩個星期,他對掃描儀發(fā)現(xiàn)的斑塊一直有些擔心。于是,他去拜訪了一名心血管影像的專家,馬克·德威克醫(yī)生。德威克醫(yī)生的話讓摩斯利感到安心。醫(yī)生說
很多像摩斯利這樣年紀的人都有這種斑塊,但大多數(shù)都不會有事。
2.這次親身經(jīng)歷令摩斯利認為,對于已有心臟病的人或者高危人群來說,心臟掃描可能是有效的。但沒有癥狀的人在檢查前要好好思考:它會給你更有用的信息嗎?它值得讓你承受可能帶來的焦
慮嗎?
3.除了心臟病以外,癌癥也十分可怕。那么,針對癌癥的體檢有用嗎?盡管英國的乳腺癌篩查計劃避免了大約1200名女性死于乳腺癌,但最大的問題是,活檢無法完全區(qū)別有侵襲性的腫瘤和永遠
不會給患者帶來影響的腫瘤。這就導致了過度診斷。過度診斷造成的過度治療是沒有必要的,也給許多人帶來了嚴重的傷害。

