最近公司要上線HTTPS,需要把之前的HTTP訪問強(qiáng)制跳轉(zhuǎn)到HTTPS。
Nginx安裝注意事項(xiàng)
安裝的時(shí)候需要注意加上 --with-http_ssl_module,因?yàn)閔ttp_ssl_module不屬于Nginx的基本模塊。
1.配置
./configure
--user=www
--group=www
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx
--with-http_stub_status_module
--with-http_ssl_module
2.編譯安裝
make && make install
配置SSL證書
如下兩個(gè)證書文件
ssl.crt
ssl.key
配置存放路徑為/usr/local/nginx/cert/
server {
listen 443;
server_name dev.wangsl.com;
root /var/www/XXX/public;
ssl on;
ssl_certificate /usr/local/nginx/cert/ssl.crt;
ssl_certificate_key /usr/local/nginx/cert/ssl.key;
ssl_session_timeout 5m;
ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5; //或者是ssl_ciphers ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
access_log /var/www/vhosts/www.wangsl.com/logs/clickstream_ssl.log main;
error_log /var/www/vhosts/www.wangsl.com/logs/clickstream_error_ssl.log;
if ($remote_addr !~ ^(124.165.97.144|133.110.186.128|133.110.186.88)) { //對(duì)訪問的來源ip做白名單限制
rewrite ^.*$ /maintence.php last;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
#include fastcgi_params;
include fastcgi.conf;
}
}
Http訪問強(qiáng)制跳轉(zhuǎn)到Https的幾種方式:
一、采用nginx的rewrite方法
1) 下面是將所有的http請(qǐng)求通過rewrite重寫到https上。
例如將所有的dev.wangsl.com域名的http訪問強(qiáng)制跳轉(zhuǎn)到https。
下面配置均可以實(shí)現(xiàn):
配置1:
server {
listen 80;
server_name dev.wangsl.com;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;
rewrite ^(.*)$ https://$host$1 permanent; //這是ngixn早前的寫法,現(xiàn)在還可以使用。
location ~ / {
root /var/www/html/8080;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}
================================================================
上面的跳轉(zhuǎn)配置rewrite ^(.*)$ https://$host$1 permanent;
也可以改為下面
rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://dev.wangsl.com/$1 permanent;
或者
rewrite ^ http://dev.wangsl.com$request_uri? permanent;
================================================================
配置2:
server {
listen 80;
server_name dev.wangsl.com;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;
return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri; //這是nginx最新支持的寫法
location ~ / {
root /var/www/html/8080;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}
配置3:這種方式適用于多域名的時(shí)候,即訪問wangsl.com的http也會(huì)強(qiáng)制跳轉(zhuǎn)到https://dev.wangsl.com上面
server {
listen 80;
server_name dev.wangsl.com wangsl.com *.wangsl.com;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;
if ($host ~* "^wangsl.com$") {
rewrite ^/(.*)$ https://dev.wangsl.com/ permanent;
}
location ~ / {
root /var/www/html/8080;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}
配置4:下面是最簡(jiǎn)單的一種配置
server {
listen 80;
server_name dev.wangsl.com;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;
if ($host = "dev.wangsl.com") {
rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://dev.wangsl.com permanent;
}
location ~ / {
root /var/www/html/8080;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}
二、采用nginx的497狀態(tài)碼
497 - normal request was sent to HTTPS
解釋:當(dāng)網(wǎng)站只允許https訪問時(shí),當(dāng)用http訪問時(shí)nginx會(huì)報(bào)出497錯(cuò)誤碼
思路:
利用error_page命令將497狀態(tài)碼的鏈接重定向到https://dev.wangsl.com這個(gè)域名上
配置實(shí)例:
如下訪問dev.wangsl.com或者wangsl.com的http都會(huì)被強(qiáng)制跳轉(zhuǎn)到https
server {
listen 80;
server_name dev.wangsl.com wangsl.com *.wangsl.com;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;
error_page 497 https://$host$uri?$args;
location ~ / {
root /var/www/html/8080;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}
也可以將80和443的配置放在一起:
server {
listen 127.0.0.1:443; #ssl端口
listen 127.0.0.1:80; #用戶習(xí)慣用http訪問,加上80,后面通過497狀態(tài)碼讓它自動(dòng)跳到443端口
server_name dev.wangsl.com;
#為一個(gè)server{......}開啟ssl支持
ssl on;
#指定PEM格式的證書文件
ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/wangsl.pem;
#指定PEM格式的私鑰文件
ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/wangsl.key;
#讓http請(qǐng)求重定向到https請(qǐng)求
error_page 497 https://$host$uri?$args;
location ~ / {
root /var/www/html/8080;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}
三、利用meta的刷新作用將http跳轉(zhuǎn)到https
上述的方法均會(huì)耗費(fèi)服務(wù)器的資源,可以借鑒百度使用的方法:巧妙的利用meta的刷新作用,將http跳轉(zhuǎn)到https
可以基于http://dev.wangsl.com的虛擬主機(jī)路徑下寫一個(gè)index.html,內(nèi)容就是http向https的跳轉(zhuǎn)
將下面的內(nèi)容追加到index.html首頁文件內(nèi)
[root@localhost ~]# cat /var/www/html/8080/index.html
<html>
<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="0;url=https://dev.wangsl.com/">
</html>
[root@localhost ~]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name dev.wangsl.com wangsl.com *.wangsl.com;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;
#將404的頁面重定向到https的首頁
error_page 404 https://dev.wangsl.com/;
location ~ / {
root /var/www/html/8080;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}
四、通過proxy_redirec方式
解決辦法:
# re-write redirects to http as to https, example: /home
proxy_redirect http:// https://;