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The vivid hues showcase soil composition and ancient volcanic history
生動(dòng)的色調(diào)展示了土壤成分和古老的火山歷史
An image of Earth's Moon taken by the Galileo spacecraft. The image shows the left side of the Moon. The surface is a mosaic of vivid colors ranging from blue, red, orange, pink, and light green.
The false-color mosaic shows how features on the Moon differ from each other because of its meteoric impacts and volcanic past. (NASA/JPL)
August 6, 2021
1989 年 10 月 18 日，美國宇航局發(fā)射了伽利略軌道飛行器。在研究木星及其眾多衛(wèi)星的途中，該軌道飛行器在 24 億英里的太空之旅中取得了許多值得注意的發(fā)現(xiàn)，最終于 1995 年 12 月 7 日到達(dá)木星系統(tǒng)。 從1990 年用紅外線對(duì)金星云進(jìn)行成像到捕捉地球最接近的宇宙伙伴月球的北部地區(qū)，伽利略留下了令人印象深刻的遺產(chǎn)。
On October 18, 1989, NASA launched the Galileo orbiter spacecraft. On its way to study Jupiter and its many moons, the orbiter made numerous notable discoveries along the 2.4-billion-mile journey through space before finally reaching the Jovian system in December 7, 1995. From imaging Venus's clouds in infrared in 1990 to snapping the northern regions of Earth's closest cosmic companion, the moon, Galileo left behind an impressive legacy.
據(jù)Mashable India 的新聞工作人員報(bào)道，伽利略的圖像繼續(xù)引起公眾的關(guān)注，包括分享到NASA 的 Instagram 頁面的令人驚嘆的假彩色馬賽克圖像，該圖像在本周不到 24 小時(shí)內(nèi)獲得了近 250 萬個(gè)贊。這張照片最初是在 1996 年發(fā)布的。
Galileo’s images continue to capture public attention, including a stunning, false-color mosaic image shared to NASA’s Instagram page that collected nearly 2.5 million likes in less than 24 hours this week, reports Mashable India's news staff. The photo was initially released in 1996.
美國宇航局根據(jù)伽利略在 1992 年 12 月 7 日飛越月球時(shí)拍攝的 53 張照片構(gòu)建了幾張假彩色馬賽克圖像。照片中的各種顏色引人注目，有助于研究人員了解月球的表面成分和火山歷史，美國宇航局解釋說在一份聲明中。
NASA constructed several false-color mosaic images from a series of 53 photos Galileo took while zooming past the moon on December 7, 1992. The various colors in the pictures are striking and aid researchers in understanding the moon's surface composition and volcanic past, NASA explains in a statement.
月球上的火山活動(dòng)發(fā)生在3 到 40 億年前，但月球的火山活動(dòng)與地球上看到的有很大不同。在月球上，火山活動(dòng)受地表高度和地殼厚度控制。大多數(shù)火山活動(dòng)發(fā)生在月球表面的撞擊坑內(nèi)。
Volcanism on the moon occurred 3 to 4 billion years ago, but the moon’s volcanic activity was very different from what is seen on Earth. On the moon, volcanism is controlled by surface elevation and crustal thickness. Most volcanic activity occurred inside impact craters on the moon's surface.
伽利略的成像系統(tǒng)使用三個(gè)光譜濾波器拍攝了生動(dòng)的圖像。假彩色馬賽克突出了月球的各種地質(zhì)特征，例如隕石撞擊和過去的火山遺跡。根據(jù)美國宇航局的 Instagram帖子，圍繞著圖像底部的橙色橢圓形Mare Cirsium撞擊盆地，明亮的粉紅色到紅色區(qū)域代表月球高地。月球上的高地由斜長巖組成，這是一種富含鈣的白色巖石，當(dāng)月球熔融物質(zhì)以較慢的速度冷卻時(shí)形成。
Galileo's imaging system took the vibrant images using three spectral filters. The false-color mosaic highlights the moon’s various geologic features, such as meteoric impacts and what’s left of its volcanic past. Surrounding the orange oval-shaped Mare Cirsium impact basin towards the bottom of the image, the bright pink to reddish areas represent lunar highlands, according to NASA's Instagram post. Highlands on the moon consist of anorthosite, a calcium-rich white rock that forms when molten lunar material cools at a slower rate.
圖像中藍(lán)色到橙色的陰影表示玄武巖熔巖流動(dòng)的區(qū)域。例如，位于 Mare Cirsium 左側(cè)的深藍(lán)色斑點(diǎn)代表稱為Mare Tranquillatis的特征。該地區(qū)也被稱為寧靜海，是阿波羅 11 號(hào)在月球任務(wù)期間著陸的地方，也是第一個(gè)人類在月球上的腳印所在的地方。Mare Tranquillatis 曾被認(rèn)為是月球上海洋的殘余物，它是一片光滑的平原，由 39 億年前在一次巨大撞擊后形成的玄武巖熔巖組成。撞擊造成的隕石坑裂縫使玄武巖溢出到盆地中，形成了從地球上可見的黑點(diǎn)。
The blue to orange shades in the images indicate areas where basaltic lava flowed. For example, a dark blue spot located left of Mare Cirsium represents a feature called Mare Tranquillatis. The area, also known as the Sea of Tranquility, is where Apollo 11 landed during the lunar missions and where the first human footprints on the moon reside. Once thought to be a remanent of an ocean on the Moon, the Mare Tranquillatis is a smooth plain consisting of basaltic lavas that formed 3.9 billion years ago after an enormous impact. The crack in the crater from the impact allowed basalts to spill into the basin, creating the dark spots visible from Earth.
深藍(lán)色區(qū)域比其上方的綠色和橙色區(qū)域富含鈦。根據(jù)美國宇航局的 Instagram 帖子，淺藍(lán)色到淺綠色的稀薄礦物質(zhì)或土壤是最近小行星或隕石撞擊的結(jié)果。在圖像中，年輕的隕石坑有藍(lán)色射線從它們延伸出來。
The dark blue area is richer in titanium than the green and orange areas above it. Thin minerals or soils seen in light blue to light green colors are a result of recent asteroid or meteorite impacts, per NASA's Instagram post. In the image, younger craters have blue rays extending from them.
伽利略任務(wù)于 2003 年 9 月 23 日結(jié)束，當(dāng)時(shí)它墜入木星的大氣層，以防止撞擊木星衛(wèi)星歐羅巴。據(jù)Mashable India報(bào)道，目前，2011 年發(fā)射的朱諾號(hào)航天器正在圍繞這顆氣態(tài)巨行星運(yùn)行，以幫助研究人員了解太陽系的起源。
The Galileo mission ended on September 23, 2003, when it plunged into Jupiter's atmosphere to prevent impacting the Jovian moon Europa. Currently, the Juno spacecraft launched in 2011 is orbiting the gas giant to help researchers understand the solar system's origins, reports Mashable India.
