Skin in the game
中譯本名為《非對(duì)稱(chēng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)：風(fēng)險(xiǎn)共擔(dān)，應(yīng)對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中的不確定性》
by Nassim Nicholas Taleb [納西姆? 尼古拉斯? 塔勒布]
建議閱讀分：8/10
閱讀日期: 2019.6
這本書(shū)是塔勒布的Incerto-- 不確定性 五部曲的第五部。
其他兩部比較有名的有 黑天鵝 和 反脆弱 。萬(wàn)維綱老師曾在【精英日課】中介紹過(guò)這本書(shū)，個(gè)人更喜歡他的翻譯，覺(jué)得《利益攸關(guān)》更加貼切主題，雖然“風(fēng)險(xiǎn)共擔(dān)”這個(gè)翻譯不能說(shuō)錯(cuò)，但總覺(jué)得有些生硬。
怎樣區(qū)別他人的意見(jiàn)和建議？怎樣做決定？怎樣看待人生？怎樣認(rèn)識(shí)問(wèn)題、對(duì)待問(wèn)題、解決問(wèn)題？怎樣看待員工與雇主的關(guān)系？在投資中怎樣做決策？等一些列利益攸關(guān)的問(wèn)題做出了詳細(xì)的描述。
Part 1. 被再次總結(jié)了的
The Golden Rule v.s. The Silver Rule 黃金法則對(duì)白銀法則
The golden rule, wants you to treat others the way you would like them to treat you.
The more robust Silver Rule says,
Don't treat others the way you would like not them to treat you.
(白銀法則的意思不就是我們常說(shuō)的 己所不欲勿施于人 嗎？！
為什么白銀法則要更robust？)
- Universal behavior is great on paper, disastrous in practice.
Fat Tony's motto
Start by being nice to every person you meet. But if someone tries to exercise power over you, exercise power over him.
(以其人之道還其人之身。)You do not want to win an argument. You want to win.
Those who talk should do and only those who do should talk.
Soul in the game
- If you do not take risks for your opinion, you are nothing.
(人們?cè)谏钪袃A向于給別人一些意見(jiàn)、建議，甚至去分享一些自己認(rèn)為很不錯(cuò)的idea，殊不知：
- 對(duì)于我們大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)這個(gè)世界你能想到的idea，其中99.99%別人早已想到并且做了，至少有人在做。也許你會(huì)問(wèn)：“我怎么沒(méi)有看到有人在做？”，答案有兩個(gè)，一是這個(gè)點(diǎn)子別人嘗試后要么失敗要么發(fā)現(xiàn)并沒(méi)有價(jià)值，二是可能你根本沒(méi)有花時(shí)間去了解或研究，只是自己認(rèn)為好就隨口給了其他人意見(jiàn)。所以，idea并不稀缺，稀缺的是執(zhí)行力和skin in the game。
- 好點(diǎn)子常有，好建議很多，問(wèn)題是誰(shuí)來(lái)執(zhí)行？誰(shuí)又要為此承擔(dān)后果？)
The most effective, shame-free policy is maximal transparency, even transparency of intentions.
Another Fat Tony's wisdom
action without talk supersedes talk without action.
- Bureaucracy is a construction by which a person is conveniently separated from the consequences of his or her actions.
（大公司的CEO與小企業(yè)主的根本區(qū)別是，公司好的時(shí)候兩者都有錢(qián)賺，公司失敗的時(shí)候，前者最多是丟掉工資（現(xiàn)實(shí)中大部分的情況是照樣拿分紅），后者是承擔(dān)一切嚴(yán)重后果。）
Best dressed business plan
- Most big recent successes were started by people with skin and soul in the game and grew organically…… funding was not the prime source of creation, you don't create a firm by creating a firm, nor do you do science by doing science.
Part 2. 人生中可執(zhí)行的價(jià)值觀
Do not spoil what you have by desiring what you have not; remember that what you now have was once among the things you only hoped for.
(有些不快樂(lè)的根源不就是因?yàn)闆](méi)完沒(méi)了的欲望么？中文是博大精深的，如果用一個(gè)詞概括上面這句話的意思，應(yīng)該是“喜新厭舊”這四個(gè)字吧？那么這里可不可以引用佛學(xué)的 Tanha這一個(gè)詞就概括呢？)Beware of the person who gives advice, telling you that a certain action on your part is 'good for you', while it is also good for him, while the harm to you doesn't directly affect him.
（有些人給你的建議，說(shuō)是為你好，實(shí)質(zhì)上卻是為了ta自己，而你是要為這個(gè)行動(dòng)所帶來(lái)的負(fù)面影響承擔(dān)后果的人。辨明真的朋友或是合作伙伴，很多時(shí)候還得事兒上看。）The abrasions of your skin guide your learning and discovery. - what Greeks called pathemata mathemata -- guide your learning through pain.
（learning by doing的代價(jià)。問(wèn)題一般分3類(lèi)，單純問(wèn)題、兩難問(wèn)題、棘手問(wèn)題，對(duì)于棘手問(wèn)題，沒(méi)有先例和終極答案，沒(méi)有對(duì)錯(cuò)，也沒(méi)有試錯(cuò)練習(xí)，大到解決全球變暖問(wèn)題，小到孩子上什么學(xué)校會(huì)怎樣影響孩子今后的人生......這些只能承擔(dān)“擦傷皮膚”的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)去做。）You will never fully convince someone that he is wrong; only reality can.
(說(shuō)服他人的唯一有效方式是現(xiàn)實(shí)(的結(jié)果)，“不撞南墻不回頭？”)There is no evolution without skin in the game.
Part 3. 最精彩的
No muscles without strength,
friendship without trust,
opinion without consequence,
change without aesthetics,
age without values,
life without effort,
water without thirst,
food without nourishment,
love without sacrifice,
power without fairness,
facts without rigor,
statistics without logic,
mathematics without proof,
teaching without experience,
politeness without warmth,
values without embodiment,
degrees without erudition,
militarism without fortitude,
progress without civilization,
friendship without investment,
virtue without risk,
probability without ergodicity,
wealth without exposure,
complication without depth,
fluency without content,
decision without asymmetry,
science without skepticism,
religion without tolerance,
and, most of all:
nothing without skin in the game.
