1. 類的加載
在之前了解了dyld 和 objc是如何關(guān)聯(lián)的,本文主要是理解類的相關(guān)信息是如何加載到內(nèi)存的,其中重點(diǎn)關(guān)注的是 map_images和 load_images:
-
map_images
主要是管理文件中和動(dòng)態(tài)庫(kù)中的所有符號(hào),即class protocol selector category等 -
load_images
加載執(zhí)行load方法
其中代碼通過(guò)編譯,讀取到Mach-O可執(zhí)行文件中,再?gòu)?code>Mach-O中讀取到內(nèi)存,如下圖所示:

1.1 map_images:加載鏡像文件到內(nèi)存
在查看源碼之前,這里說(shuō)一下為什么map_images有&,而 load_images沒(méi)有?
-
map_images是引用類型,外界變了,跟著變 -
load_images是值類型
1.1.1 map_images源碼流程
map_images方法的主要作用是將 Mach-O中的類信息加載到內(nèi)存。
- 進(jìn)入
map_images的源碼:
void
map_images(unsigned count, const char * const paths[],
const struct mach_header * const mhdrs[])
{
mutex_locker_t lock(runtimeLock);
return map_images_nolock(count, paths, mhdrs);
}
- 進(jìn)入
map_images_nolock源碼,其關(guān)鍵代碼是_read_images:
void
map_images_nolock(unsigned mhCount, const char * const mhPaths[],
const struct mach_header * const mhdrs[])
{
//...省略
// Find all images with Objective-C metadata.查找所有帶有Objective-C元數(shù)據(jù)的映像
hCount = 0;
// Count classes. Size various table based on the total.計(jì)算類的個(gè)數(shù)
int totalClasses = 0;
int unoptimizedTotalClasses = 0;
//代碼塊:作用域,進(jìn)行局部處理,即局部處理一些事件
{
//...省略
}
//...省略
if (hCount > 0) {
//加載鏡像文件
_read_images(hList, hCount, totalClasses, unoptimizedTotalClasses);
}
firstTime = NO;
// Call image load funcs after everything is set up.一切設(shè)置完成后,調(diào)用鏡像加載功能。
for (auto func : loadImageFuncs) {
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < mhCount; i++) {
func(mhdrs[I]);
}
}
}
-
_read_images源碼實(shí)現(xiàn)
_read_images主要是加載類信息,即類、分類、協(xié)議等,進(jìn)入_read_images源碼實(shí)現(xiàn),主要分為以下幾個(gè)部分:
a.條件控制進(jìn)行的一次加載
b.修復(fù)預(yù)編譯階段的@selector的混亂問(wèn)題
c.錯(cuò)誤混亂的類處理
d.修復(fù)重映射一些沒(méi)有被鏡像文件加載進(jìn)來(lái)的類
e.修復(fù)一些消息
f.當(dāng)類里邊有協(xié)議時(shí),readProtocol讀取協(xié)議
g.修復(fù)沒(méi)有被加載的協(xié)議
h.分類處理
i.類的加載處理
j.沒(méi)有被處理的類,優(yōu)化那些被侵犯的類
a. 條件控制進(jìn)行的一次加載
在doneOnce 流程中通過(guò) NXCreateMapTable創(chuàng)建表,存放類信息,即創(chuàng)建一張類的哈希表gdb_objc_realized_classes,其目的是為了類查找方便,快捷:
if (!doneOnce) {
//...省略
// namedClasses
// Preoptimized classes don't go in this table.
// 4/3 is NXMapTable's load factor
int namedClassesSize =
(isPreoptimized() ? unoptimizedTotalClasses : totalClasses) * 4 / 3;
//創(chuàng)建表(哈希表key-value),目的是查找快
gdb_objc_realized_classes =
NXCreateMapTable(NXStrValueMapPrototype, namedClassesSize);
ts.log("IMAGE TIMES: first time tasks");
}
查看gdb_objc_realized_classes的注釋說(shuō)明,這個(gè)哈希表用于存儲(chǔ)不在共享緩存且已命名類,無(wú)論類是否實(shí)現(xiàn),其容量是類總數(shù)量的 3/4:
// This is a misnomer: gdb_objc_realized_classes is actually a list of
// named classes not in the dyld shared cache, whether realized or not.
//gdb_objc_realized_classes實(shí)際上是不在dyld共享緩存中的已命名類的列表,無(wú)論是否實(shí)現(xiàn)
NXMapTable *gdb_objc_realized_classes; // exported for debuggers in objc-gdb.h
b.修復(fù)預(yù)編譯階段@selector 的混亂問(wèn)題
主要是通過(guò)_getObjc2SelectorRefs拿到 Mach_O中的靜態(tài)段__objc_selrefs,遍歷列表調(diào)用sel_registerNameNoLock,將 SEL 添加到 namedSelector 哈希表中:
// Fix up @selector references 修復(fù)@selector引用
//sel 不是簡(jiǎn)單的字符串,而是帶地址的字符串
static size_t UnfixedSelectors;
{
mutex_locker_t lock(selLock);
for (EACH_HEADER) {
if (hi->hasPreoptimizedSelectors()) continue;
bool isBundle = hi->isBundle();
//通過(guò)_getObjc2SelectorRefs拿到Mach-O中的靜態(tài)段__objc_selrefs
SEL *sels = _getObjc2SelectorRefs(hi, &count);
UnfixedSelectors += count;
for (i = 0; i < count; i++) { //列表遍歷
const char *name = sel_cname(sels[i]);
//注冊(cè)sel操作,即將sel添加到
SEL sel = sel_registerNameNoLock(name, isBundle);
if (sels[i] != sel) {//當(dāng)sel與sels[i]地址不一致時(shí),需要調(diào)整為一致的
sels[i] = sel;
}
}
}
}
- 其中
_getObjc2SelectorRefs的源碼如下,表示獲取Mach-O中的靜態(tài)段__objc_selrefs,可以看到后續(xù)通過(guò)_getObjc2開(kāi)頭的Mach-O靜態(tài)段獲取,都對(duì)應(yīng)不同的section name:
// function name content type section name
GETSECT(_getObjc2SelectorRefs, SEL, "__objc_selrefs");
GETSECT(_getObjc2MessageRefs, message_ref_t, "__objc_msgrefs");
GETSECT(_getObjc2ClassRefs, Class, "__objc_classrefs");
GETSECT(_getObjc2SuperRefs, Class, "__objc_superrefs");
GETSECT(_getObjc2ClassList, classref_t const, "__objc_classlist");
GETSECT(_getObjc2NonlazyClassList, classref_t const, "__objc_nlclslist");
GETSECT(_getObjc2CategoryList, category_t * const, "__objc_catlist");
GETSECT(_getObjc2CategoryList2, category_t * const, "__objc_catlist2");
GETSECT(_getObjc2NonlazyCategoryList, category_t * const, "__objc_nlcatlist");
GETSECT(_getObjc2ProtocolList, protocol_t * const, "__objc_protolist");
GETSECT(_getObjc2ProtocolRefs, protocol_t *, "__objc_protorefs");
GETSECT(getLibobjcInitializers, UnsignedInitializer, "__objc_init_func");
-
sel_registerNameNoLock的源碼路徑如下:sel_registerNameNoLock->__sel_registerName,如下所示:其關(guān)鍵代碼是auto it = namedSelectors.get().insert(name);,即將name插入namedSelectors哈希表:
SEL sel_registerNameNoLock(const char *name, bool copy) {
return __sel_registerName(name, 0, copy); // NO lock, maybe copy
}
??
static SEL __sel_registerName(const char *name, bool shouldLock, bool copy)
{
SEL result = 0;
if (shouldLock) selLock.assertUnlocked();
else selLock.assertLocked();
if (!name) return (SEL)0;
result = search_builtins(name);
if (result) return result;
conditional_mutex_locker_t lock(selLock, shouldLock);
auto it = namedSelectors.get().insert(name);//sel插入表
if (it.second) {
// No match. Insert.
*it.first = (const char *)sel_alloc(name, copy);
}
return (SEL)*it.first;
}
- 其中
selector -> sel并不是簡(jiǎn)單的字符串,是帶地址的字符串
如下所示,sels[i]與sel字符串一致,但是地址不一致,所以需要調(diào)整為一致的。即fix up,可以通過(guò)調(diào)試:
image.jpeg
c.錯(cuò)誤混亂的類的處理
主要是從Mach-O中取出所有的類,再遍歷進(jìn)行處理:
//錯(cuò)誤混亂的類處理
// Discover classes. Fix up unresolved future classes. Mark bundle classes.
bool hasDyldRoots = dyld_shared_cache_some_image_overridden();
//讀取類:readClass
for (EACH_HEADER) {
if (! mustReadClasses(hi, hasDyldRoots)) {
// Image is sufficiently optimized that we need not call readClass()
continue;
}
//從編譯后的類列表中取出所有類,即從Mach-O中獲取靜態(tài)段__objc_classlist,是一個(gè)classref_t類型的指針
classref_t const *classlist = _getObjc2ClassList(hi, &count);
bool headerIsBundle = hi->isBundle();
bool headerIsPreoptimized = hi->hasPreoptimizedClasses();
for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
Class cls = (Class)classlist[i];//此時(shí)獲取的cls只是一個(gè)地址
Class newCls = readClass(cls, headerIsBundle, headerIsPreoptimized); //讀取類,經(jīng)過(guò)這步后,cls獲取的值才是一個(gè)名字
//經(jīng)過(guò)調(diào)試,并未執(zhí)行if里面的流程
//初始化所有懶加載的類需要的內(nèi)存空間,但是懶加載類的數(shù)據(jù)現(xiàn)在是沒(méi)有加載到的,連類都沒(méi)有初始化
if (newCls != cls && newCls) {
// Class was moved but not deleted. Currently this occurs
// only when the new class resolved a future class.
// Non-lazily realize the class below.
//將懶加載的類添加到數(shù)組中
resolvedFutureClasses = (Class *)
realloc(resolvedFutureClasses,
(resolvedFutureClassCount+1) * sizeof(Class));
resolvedFutureClasses[resolvedFutureClassCount++] = newCls;
}
}
}
ts.log("IMAGE TIMES: discover classes");
-
通過(guò)代碼調(diào)試,確定了在沒(méi)有執(zhí)行
readClass方法之前,cls只是一個(gè)地址:
image.jpeg -
執(zhí)行后,
cls是一個(gè)類的名稱
image.jpeg
所以到這步為止,類的信息目前僅存儲(chǔ)了地址 + 名稱。
d.修復(fù)重映射一些沒(méi)有被鏡像文件加載進(jìn)來(lái)的類
主要是將未映射的Class和 Super Class進(jìn)行重映射,其中
-
_getObjc2ClassRefs是獲取Mach-O中的靜態(tài)段__objc_classrefs即類的引用
-_getObjc2SuperRefs是獲取Mach-O中的靜態(tài)段__objc_superrefs即父類的引用 - 通過(guò)注釋可以得知,被
remapClassRef的類都是懶加載的類,所以最初經(jīng)過(guò)調(diào)試時(shí),這部分代碼是沒(méi)有執(zhí)行的
// 修復(fù)重映射一些沒(méi)有被鏡像文件加載進(jìn)來(lái)的類
// Fix up remapped classes 修正重新映射的類
// Class list and nonlazy class list remain unremapped.類列表和非惰性類列表保持未映射
// Class refs and super refs are remapped for message dispatching.類引用和超級(jí)引用將重新映射以進(jìn)行消息分發(fā)
//經(jīng)過(guò)調(diào)試,并未執(zhí)行if里面的流程
//將未映射的Class 和 Super Class重映射,被remap的類都是懶加載的類
if (!noClassesRemapped()) {
for (EACH_HEADER) {
Class *classrefs = _getObjc2ClassRefs(hi, &count);//Mach-O的靜態(tài)段 __objc_classrefs
for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
remapClassRef(&classrefs[I]);
}
// fixme why doesn't test future1 catch the absence of this?
classrefs = _getObjc2SuperRefs(hi, &count);//Mach_O中的靜態(tài)段 __objc_superrefs
for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
remapClassRef(&classrefs[I]);
}
}
}
ts.log("IMAGE TIMES: remap classes");
e.修復(fù)一些消息
主要是通過(guò)_getObjc2MessageRefs 獲取Mach-O的靜態(tài)段 __objc_msgrefs,并遍歷通過(guò)fixupMessageRef將函數(shù)指針進(jìn)行注冊(cè),并fix為新的函數(shù)指針
#if SUPPORT_FIXUP
//5、修復(fù)一些消息
// Fix up old objc_msgSend_fixup call sites
for (EACH_HEADER) {
// _getObjc2MessageRefs 獲取Mach-O的靜態(tài)段 __objc_msgrefs
message_ref_t *refs = _getObjc2MessageRefs(hi, &count);
if (count == 0) continue;
if (PrintVtables) {
_objc_inform("VTABLES: repairing %zu unsupported vtable dispatch "
"call sites in %s", count, hi->fname());
}
//經(jīng)過(guò)調(diào)試,并未執(zhí)行for里面的流程
//遍歷將函數(shù)指針進(jìn)行注冊(cè),并fix為新的函數(shù)指針
for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
fixupMessageRef(refs+i);
}
}
ts.log("IMAGE TIMES: fix up objc_msgSend_fixup");
#endif
f.當(dāng)有協(xié)議時(shí):readProtocol 讀取協(xié)議
// 當(dāng)類里面有協(xié)議時(shí):readProtocol 讀取協(xié)議
// Discover protocols. Fix up protocol refs. 發(fā)現(xiàn)協(xié)議。修正協(xié)議參考
//遍歷所有協(xié)議列表,并且將協(xié)議列表加載到Protocol的哈希表中
for (EACH_HEADER) {
extern objc_class OBJC_CLASS_$_Protocol;
//cls = Protocol類,所有協(xié)議和對(duì)象的結(jié)構(gòu)體都類似,isa都對(duì)應(yīng)Protocol類
Class cls = (Class)&OBJC_CLASS_$_Protocol;
ASSERT(cls);
//獲取protocol哈希表 -- protocol_map
NXMapTable *protocol_map = protocols();
bool isPreoptimized = hi->hasPreoptimizedProtocols();
// Skip reading protocols if this is an image from the shared cache
// and we support roots
// Note, after launch we do need to walk the protocol as the protocol
// in the shared cache is marked with isCanonical() and that may not
// be true if some non-shared cache binary was chosen as the canonical
// definition
if (launchTime && isPreoptimized && cacheSupportsProtocolRoots) {
if (PrintProtocols) {
_objc_inform("PROTOCOLS: Skipping reading protocols in image: %s",
hi->fname());
}
continue;
}
bool isBundle = hi->isBundle();
//通過(guò)_getObjc2ProtocolList 獲取到Mach-O中的靜態(tài)段__objc_protolist協(xié)議列表,
//即從編譯器中讀取并初始化protocol
protocol_t * const *protolist = _getObjc2ProtocolList(hi, &count);
for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
//通過(guò)添加protocol到protocol_map哈希表中
readProtocol(protolist[i], cls, protocol_map,
isPreoptimized, isBundle);
}
}
ts.log("IMAGE TIMES: discover protocols");
- 通過(guò)
NXMapTable *protocol_map = protocols();創(chuàng)建 protocol 哈希表,表的名稱為protocol_map:
/***********************************************************************
* protocols
* Returns the protocol name => protocol map for protocols.
* Locking: runtimeLock must read- or write-locked by the caller
**********************************************************************/
static NXMapTable *protocols(void)
{
static NXMapTable *protocol_map = nil;
runtimeLock.assertLocked();
INIT_ONCE_PTR(protocol_map,
NXCreateMapTable(NXStrValueMapPrototype, 16),
NXFreeMapTable(v) );
return protocol_map;
}
- 通過(guò)
_getObjc2ProtocolList獲取到Mach-O中的靜態(tài)段__objc_protolist協(xié)議列表,即從編譯器中讀取并初始化protocol:
protocol_t * const *protolist = _getObjc2ProtocolList(hi, &count);
- 循環(huán)遍歷協(xié)議列表,通過(guò)
readProtocol方法將協(xié)議添加到protocol_map哈希表中:
readProtocol(protolist[i], cls, protocol_map,
isPreoptimized, isBundle);
G.修復(fù)沒(méi)有被加載的協(xié)議
主要是通過(guò)_getObjc2ProtocolRefs 獲取到Mach-O的靜態(tài)段 __objc_protorefs(與上面??的__objc_protolist并不是同一個(gè)東西),然后遍歷需要修復(fù)的協(xié)議,通過(guò)remapProtocolRef比較當(dāng)前協(xié)議和協(xié)議列表中的同一個(gè)內(nèi)存地址的協(xié)議是否相同,如果不同則替換:
// 修復(fù)沒(méi)有被加載的協(xié)議
// Fix up @protocol references
// Preoptimized images may have the right
// answer already but we don't know for sure.
for (EACH_HEADER) {
// At launch time, we know preoptimized image refs are pointing at the
// shared cache definition of a protocol. We can skip the check on
// launch, but have to visit @protocol refs for shared cache images
// loaded later.
if (launchTime && cacheSupportsProtocolRoots && hi->isPreoptimized())
continue;
//_getObjc2ProtocolRefs 獲取到Mach-O的靜態(tài)段 __objc_protorefs
protocol_t **protolist = _getObjc2ProtocolRefs(hi, &count);
for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {//遍歷
//比較當(dāng)前協(xié)議和協(xié)議列表中的同一個(gè)內(nèi)存地址的協(xié)議是否相同,如果不同則替換
remapProtocolRef(&protolist[i]);//經(jīng)過(guò)代碼調(diào)試,并未執(zhí)行
}
}
ts.log("IMAGE TIMES: fix up @protocol references");
其中remapProtocolRef 的源碼實(shí)現(xiàn)如下:
/***********************************************************************
* remapProtocolRef
* Fix up a protocol ref, in case the protocol referenced has been reallocated.
* Locking: runtimeLock must be read- or write-locked by the caller
**********************************************************************/
static size_t UnfixedProtocolReferences;
static void remapProtocolRef(protocol_t **protoref)
{
runtimeLock.assertLocked();
//獲取協(xié)議列表中統(tǒng)一內(nèi)存地址的協(xié)議
protocol_t *newproto = remapProtocol((protocol_ref_t)*protoref);
if (*protoref != newproto) {//如果當(dāng)前協(xié)議 與 同一內(nèi)存地址協(xié)議不同,則替換
*protoref = newproto;
UnfixedProtocolReferences++;
}
}
H.分類處理
這一步主要是處理分類,需要在分類初始化并且將數(shù)據(jù)加載到類之后才執(zhí)行,對(duì)于運(yùn)行時(shí)出現(xiàn)的分類,將分類的發(fā)現(xiàn)推遲到對(duì)_dyld_objc_notify_register的調(diào)用完成后的第一個(gè)load_images調(diào)用為止
//、分類處理
// Discover categories. Only do this after the initial category 發(fā)現(xiàn)分類
// attachment has been done. For categories present at startup,
// discovery is deferred until the first load_images call after
// the call to _dyld_objc_notify_register completes. rdar://problem/53119145
if (didInitialAttachCategories) {
for (EACH_HEADER) {
load_categories_nolock(hi);
}
}
ts.log("IMAGE TIMES: discover categories");
I.類的加載處理
主要是實(shí)現(xiàn)類的加載處理,實(shí)現(xiàn)非懶加載類(下面會(huì)有介紹):
- 通過(guò)
_getObjc2NonlazyClassList獲取Mach-O的靜態(tài)段__objc_nlclslist非懶加載類表 - 通過(guò)
addClassTableEntry將非懶加載類插入類表,存儲(chǔ)到內(nèi)存,如果已經(jīng)添加就不會(huì)載添加,需要確保整個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)都被添加 - 通過(guò)
realizeClassWithoutSwift實(shí)現(xiàn)當(dāng)前的類,因?yàn)榍懊娴?code>readClass讀取到內(nèi)存的僅僅只有地址+名稱,類的data數(shù)據(jù)并沒(méi)有加載出來(lái)
// Realize non-lazy classes (for +load methods and static instances) 初始化非懶加載類,進(jìn)行rw、ro等操作:realizeClassWithoutSwift
//懶加載類 -- 別人不動(dòng)我,我就不動(dòng)
//實(shí)現(xiàn)非懶加載的類,對(duì)于load方法和靜態(tài)實(shí)例變量
for (EACH_HEADER) {
//通過(guò)_getObjc2NonlazyClassList獲取Mach-O的靜態(tài)段__objc_nlclslist非懶加載類表
classref_t const *classlist =
_getObjc2NonlazyClassList(hi, &count);
for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
Class cls = remapClass(classlist[i]);
if (!cls) continue;
addClassTableEntry(cls);//插入表,但是前面已經(jīng)插入過(guò)了,所以不會(huì)重新插入
if (cls->isSwiftStable()) {
if (cls->swiftMetadataInitializer()) {
_objc_fatal("Swift class %s with a metadata initializer "
"is not allowed to be non-lazy",
cls->nameForLogging());
}
// fixme also disallow relocatable classes
// We can't disallow all Swift classes because of
// classes like Swift.__EmptyArrayStorage
}
//實(shí)現(xiàn)當(dāng)前的類,因?yàn)榍懊鎟eadClass讀取到內(nèi)存的僅僅只有地址+名稱,類的data數(shù)據(jù)并沒(méi)有加載出來(lái)
//實(shí)現(xiàn)所有非懶加載的類(實(shí)例化類對(duì)象的一些信息,例如rw)
realizeClassWithoutSwift(cls, nil);
}
}
J.實(shí)現(xiàn)沒(méi)有被處理的類,優(yōu)化哪些被侵犯的類
// Realize newly-resolved future classes, in case CF manipulates them
if (resolvedFutureClasses) {
for (i = 0; i < resolvedFutureClassCount; i++) {
Class cls = resolvedFutureClasses[I];
if (cls->isSwiftStable()) {
_objc_fatal("Swift class is not allowed to be future");
}
//實(shí)現(xiàn)類
realizeClassWithoutSwift(cls, nil);
cls->setInstancesRequireRawIsaRecursively(false/*inherited*/);
}
free(resolvedFutureClasses);
}
ts.log("IMAGE TIMES: realize future classes");
if (DebugNonFragileIvars) {
//實(shí)現(xiàn)所有類
realizeAllClasses();
}
我們需要重點(diǎn)關(guān)注的是我們需要重點(diǎn)關(guān)注的是readClass以及realizeClassWithoutSwift兩個(gè)方法。
2. readClass & realizeClassWithoutSwift
2.1 readClass 讀取類
readClass 主要是讀取類,在未調(diào)用該方法前,cls 只是一個(gè)地址,執(zhí)行該方法后,cls 是類的名稱,其源碼實(shí)現(xiàn)如下,關(guān)鍵代碼是 addNamedClass 和 addClassTableEntry,源碼實(shí)現(xiàn)如下:
/***********************************************************************
* readClass
* Read a class and metaclass as written by a compiler. 讀取編譯器編寫(xiě)的類和元類
* Returns the new class pointer. This could be: 返回新的類指針,可能是:
* - cls
* - nil (cls has a missing weak-linked superclass)
* - something else (space for this class was reserved by a future class)
*
* Note that all work performed by this function is preflighted by
* mustReadClasses(). Do not change this function without updating that one.
*
* Locking: runtimeLock acquired by map_images or objc_readClassPair
**********************************************************************/
Class readClass(Class cls, bool headerIsBundle, bool headerIsPreoptimized)
{
const char *mangledName = cls->mangledName();//名字
//當(dāng)前類的父類中若有丟失的weak-linked類,則返回nil
if (missingWeakSuperclass(cls)) {
// No superclass (probably weak-linked).
// Disavow any knowledge of this subclass.
if (PrintConnecting) {
_objc_inform("CLASS: IGNORING class '%s' with "
"missing weak-linked superclass",
cls->nameForLogging());
}
addRemappedClass(cls, nil);
cls->superclass = nil;
return nil;
}
cls->fixupBackwardDeployingStableSwift();
//判斷是不是后期要處理的類
//正常情況下,不會(huì)走到popFutureNamedClass,因?yàn)檫@是專門(mén)針對(duì)未來(lái)待處理的類的操作
//通過(guò)斷點(diǎn)調(diào)試,不會(huì)走到if流程里面,因此也不會(huì)對(duì)ro、rw進(jìn)行操作
Class replacing = nil;
if (Class newCls = popFutureNamedClass(mangledName)) {
// This name was previously allocated as a future class.
// Copy objc_class to future class's struct.
// Preserve future's rw data block.
if (newCls->isAnySwift()) {
_objc_fatal("Can't complete future class request for '%s' "
"because the real class is too big.",
cls->nameForLogging());
}
//讀取class的data,設(shè)置ro、rw
//經(jīng)過(guò)調(diào)試,并不會(huì)走到這里
class_rw_t *rw = newCls->data();
const class_ro_t *old_ro = rw->ro();
memcpy(newCls, cls, sizeof(objc_class));
rw->set_ro((class_ro_t *)newCls->data());
newCls->setData(rw);
freeIfMutable((char *)old_ro->name);
free((void *)old_ro);
addRemappedClass(cls, newCls);
replacing = cls;
cls = newCls;
}
//判斷是否類是否已經(jīng)加載到內(nèi)存
if (headerIsPreoptimized && !replacing) {
// class list built in shared cache
// fixme strict assert doesn't work because of duplicates
// ASSERT(cls == getClass(name));
ASSERT(getClassExceptSomeSwift(mangledName));
} else {
addNamedClass(cls, mangledName, replacing);//加載共享緩存中的類
addClassTableEntry(cls);//插入表,即相當(dāng)于從mach-O文件 讀取到 內(nèi)存 中
}
// for future reference: shared cache never contains MH_BUNDLEs
if (headerIsBundle) {
cls->data()->flags |= RO_FROM_BUNDLE;
cls->ISA()->data()->flags |= RO_FROM_BUNDLE;
}
return cls;
}
通過(guò)源碼實(shí)現(xiàn),主要分為以下幾步:
- 通過(guò)
mangledName獲取類的名字,其中mangledName方法的源碼實(shí)現(xiàn)如下:
const char *mangledName() {
// fixme can't assert locks here
ASSERT(this);
if (isRealized() || isFuture()) { //這個(gè)初始化判斷在lookupImp也有類似的
return data()->ro()->name;//如果已經(jīng)實(shí)例化,則從ro中獲取name
} else {
return ((const class_ro_t *)data())->name;//反之,從mach-O的數(shù)據(jù)data中獲取name
}
}
當(dāng)前類的父類中若有丟失的
weak-linked類,則返回nil-
判斷是不是后期需要處理的類,在正常情況下,不會(huì)走到
popFutureNamedClass,因?yàn)檫@是專門(mén)針對(duì)未來(lái)待處理類的操作,也可以通過(guò)斷點(diǎn)調(diào)試,就可以知道不會(huì)走到if 流程里邊,因此也不會(huì)對(duì)ro rw進(jìn)行操作。-
data是mach-o的數(shù)據(jù),并不在class的內(nèi)存中 -
ro的賦值是從mach-o中的data強(qiáng)轉(zhuǎn)賦值的 -
rw里的ro是從ro復(fù)制過(guò)去的
-
通過(guò)
addNamedClass將當(dāng)前類添加到已經(jīng)創(chuàng)建好的gdb_objc_realized_classes哈希表,該表用于存放所有類
/***********************************************************************
* addNamedClass 加載共享緩存中的類 插入表
* Adds name => cls to the named non-meta class map. 將name=> cls添加到命名的非元類映射
* Warns about duplicate class names and keeps the old mapping.
* Locking: runtimeLock must be held by the caller
**********************************************************************/
static void addNamedClass(Class cls, const char *name, Class replacing = nil)
{
runtimeLock.assertLocked();
Class old;
if ((old = getClassExceptSomeSwift(name)) && old != replacing) {
inform_duplicate(name, old, cls);
// getMaybeUnrealizedNonMetaClass uses name lookups.
// Classes not found by name lookup must be in the
// secondary meta->nonmeta table.
addNonMetaClass(cls);
} else {
//添加到gdb_objc_realized_classes哈希表
NXMapInsert(gdb_objc_realized_classes, name, cls);
}
ASSERT(!(cls->data()->flags & RO_META));
// wrong: constructed classes are already realized when they get here
// ASSERT(!cls->isRealized());
}
- 通過(guò)
addClassTableEntry,將初始化的類添加到allocatedClasses表,這個(gè)表在之前介紹dyld 與 objc 的關(guān)聯(lián)中提到過(guò),是在_objc_init中的runtime_init就創(chuàng)建了allocatedClasses表:
/***********************************************************************
* addClassTableEntry 將一個(gè)類添加到所有類的表中
* Add a class to the table of all classes. If addMeta is true,
* automatically adds the metaclass of the class as well.
* Locking: runtimeLock must be held by the caller.
**********************************************************************/
static void
addClassTableEntry(Class cls, bool addMeta = true)
{
runtimeLock.assertLocked();
// This class is allowed to be a known class via the shared cache or via
// data segments, but it is not allowed to be in the dynamic table already.
auto &set = objc::allocatedClasses.get();//開(kāi)辟的類的表,在objc_init中的runtime_init就創(chuàng)建了表
ASSERT(set.find(cls) == set.end());
if (!isKnownClass(cls))
set.insert(cls);
if (addMeta)
// addMeta 默認(rèn)為 true,將元類也添加allocatedClasses哈希表
addClassTableEntry(cls->ISA(), false);
}
注意:其實(shí)
gdb_objc_realized_classes對(duì)allocatedClasses是一種包含關(guān)系,一張是類的總表,一張是已經(jīng)開(kāi)辟了內(nèi)存的類表,
- 如果我們想在
readClass源碼中定位到自定義的類,可以自定義 加 if 判斷
總結(jié):
所以readClass的主要作用就是將Mach-O中的類讀取到內(nèi)存,即插入表中,但是目前的類僅有兩個(gè)信息:地址以及名稱,而mach-o的其中的data 數(shù)據(jù)還沒(méi)有讀取出來(lái)。
2.2 realizeClassWithoutSwift 實(shí)現(xiàn)類
realizeClassWithoutSwift方法中有ro、rw 的相關(guān)操作,這個(gè)方法在消息流程的慢速查找中有所提及,方法路徑為:慢速查找(lookUpImpOrForward) --realizeClassMaybeSwiftAndLeaveLocked -- realizeClassMaybeSwiftMaybeRelock -- realizeClassWithoutSwift(實(shí)現(xiàn)類)
realizeClassWithoutSwift方法主要的作用是實(shí)現(xiàn)類,將類的 data 數(shù)據(jù)加載到內(nèi)存中,主要有以下幾部分操作:
[第一步]:讀取 data 數(shù)據(jù),并設(shè)置ro、rw
[第二步]:遞歸調(diào)用realizeClassWithoutSwift完善繼承鏈
[第三步]:通過(guò)methodizeClass方法化類
[第四步]:attachToClass 加入分類中的方法
[第一步]:讀取 data 數(shù)據(jù)
讀取class 的 data數(shù)據(jù)(此時(shí)的數(shù)據(jù)是從 mach-o文件讀取出來(lái)的),并將其強(qiáng)轉(zhuǎn)為ro,以及rw 初始化和 ro 拷貝一份到 rw 中的 ro
-ro表示 readOnly,只讀,在編譯時(shí)就已經(jīng)確定了內(nèi)存,包含類名稱、方法、協(xié)議和實(shí)例變量的信息,由于是只讀的,所以屬于Clean Memory,而Clean Memory是指加載后不會(huì)發(fā)生更改的內(nèi)存。
-rw 表示readWrite,即可讀可寫(xiě),由于其動(dòng)態(tài)性,可能會(huì)往類中添加屬性、方法、添加協(xié)議,在最新的2020的WWDC的對(duì)內(nèi)存優(yōu)化的說(shuō)明Advancements in the Objective-C runtime - WWDC 2020 - Videos - Apple Developer中,提到rw,其實(shí)在rw 中只有 10%的類真正改變了它們的方法,所以有了rwe,即類的額外信息。對(duì)于那些確實(shí)需要額外信息的類,可以分配 rwe 擴(kuò)展記錄中的一個(gè),并將其劃入類中供其使用。其中rw 就屬于dirty memory,而dirty memory 是指在進(jìn)行運(yùn)行時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生更改的內(nèi)存,類結(jié)構(gòu)一經(jīng)使用就會(huì)變成 dirty memory,因?yàn)檫\(yùn)行時(shí)會(huì)向他寫(xiě)入新數(shù)據(jù),例如創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新的方法緩存,并從類中指向它。
// fixme verify class is not in an un-dlopened part of the shared cache?
//讀取class的data(),以及ro/rw創(chuàng)建
auto ro = (const class_ro_t *)cls->data(); //讀取類結(jié)構(gòu)的bits屬性、//ro -- clean memory,在編譯時(shí)就已經(jīng)確定了內(nèi)存
auto isMeta = ro->flags & RO_META; //判斷元類
if (ro->flags & RO_FUTURE) {
// This was a future class. rw data is already allocated.
// 這是一個(gè)未來(lái)的類,rw 數(shù)據(jù)已經(jīng)開(kāi)辟過(guò)了
rw = cls->data(); //dirty memory 進(jìn)行賦值
ro = cls->data()->ro();
ASSERT(!isMeta);
cls->changeInfo(RW_REALIZED|RW_REALIZING, RW_FUTURE);
} else {
// Normal class. Allocate writeable class data.
// 大多數(shù)的類都會(huì)走這個(gè)方法
rw = objc::zalloc<class_rw_t>(); //申請(qǐng)開(kāi)辟zalloc -- rw
rw->set_ro(ro);//rw中的ro設(shè)置為臨時(shí)變量ro
rw->flags = RW_REALIZED|RW_REALIZING|isMeta;
cls->setData(rw);//將cls的data賦值為rw形式
}
- class_ro_t & class_rw_t
class_ro_t存儲(chǔ)了當(dāng)前類在編譯期就已經(jīng)確定的屬性、方法以及遵循的協(xié)議,里面是沒(méi)有分類的方法的,那些運(yùn)行時(shí)添加的方法將會(huì)存儲(chǔ)在運(yùn)行時(shí)生成的class_rw_t中。
class_rw_t存儲(chǔ)類中的屬性、方法還有協(xié)議等,在運(yùn)行時(shí)生成
在編譯期間,class_ro_t結(jié)構(gòu)體就已經(jīng)確定,oblc_class中bits 的 data 部分存放著該結(jié)構(gòu)體的地址。在運(yùn)行期間,也就是上面的方法中,會(huì)生成class_rw_t結(jié)構(gòu)體,將class_ro_t結(jié)構(gòu)體設(shè)置為 class_rw_t結(jié)構(gòu)體的ro部分,并且更新類的data 部分,換成 class_rw_t結(jié)構(gòu)體的地址:
類實(shí)現(xiàn)之前:

類實(shí)現(xiàn)之后:

此時(shí) rw 還是空的,這里只是對(duì) rw 進(jìn)行了初始化,但是方法、屬性、協(xié)議這些還沒(méi)有被添加上。
[第二步]:遞歸調(diào)用 realizeClassWithoutSwift 完善繼承鏈
遞歸調(diào)用realizeClassWithoutSwift完善繼承鏈,并設(shè)置當(dāng)前類、父類、元類的rw
- 遞歸調(diào)用
realizeClassWithoutSwift設(shè)置父類、元類 - 設(shè)置父類和元類的
isa指向 - 通過(guò)
addSubClass和addRootClass設(shè)置父子的雙向鏈表指向關(guān)系,即父類中可以找到子類,子類中可以找到父類
// Realize superclass and metaclass, if they aren't already.
// This needs to be done after RW_REALIZED is set above, for root classes.
// This needs to be done after class index is chosen, for root metaclasses.
// This assumes that none of those classes have Swift contents,
// or that Swift's initializers have already been called.
// fixme that assumption will be wrong if we add support
// for ObjC subclasses of Swift classes. --
//遞歸調(diào)用realizeClassWithoutSwift完善繼承鏈,并處理當(dāng)前類的父類、元類
//遞歸實(shí)現(xiàn) 設(shè)置當(dāng)前類、父類、元類的 rw,主要目的是確定繼承鏈 (類繼承鏈、元類繼承鏈)
//實(shí)現(xiàn)元類、父類
//當(dāng)isa找到根元類之后,根元類的isa是指向自己的,不會(huì)返回nil從而導(dǎo)致死循環(huán)——remapClass中對(duì)類在表中進(jìn)行查找的操作,如果表中已有該類,則返回一個(gè)空值;如果沒(méi)有則返回當(dāng)前類,這樣保證了類只加載一次并結(jié)束遞歸
supercls = realizeClassWithoutSwift(remapClass(cls->superclass), nil);
metacls = realizeClassWithoutSwift(remapClass(cls->ISA()), nil);
...
// Update superclass and metaclass in case of remapping -- class 是 雙向鏈表結(jié)構(gòu) 即父子關(guān)系都確認(rèn)了
// 將父類和元類給我們的類 分別是isa和父類的對(duì)應(yīng)值
cls->superclass = supercls;
cls->initClassIsa(metacls);
...
// Connect this class to its superclass's subclass lists
//雙向鏈表指向關(guān)系 父類中可以找到子類 子類中也可以找到父類
//通過(guò)addSubclass把當(dāng)前類放到父類的子類列表中去
if (supercls) {
addSubclass(supercls, cls);
} else {
addRootClass(cls);
}
這里有一個(gè)問(wèn)題,realizeClassWithoutSwift遞歸調(diào)用時(shí),isa 找到根元類之后,根元類的isa 指向自己,并不會(huì)返回 nil,所以有了下面的遞歸終止條件,其目的是保證類只加載一次。
- 在
realizeClassWithoutSwift中- 如果類不存在,則返回 nil
- 如果類已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn),則直接返回 cls
static Class realizeClassWithoutSwift(Class cls, Class previously)
{
runtimeLock.assertLocked();
//如果類不存在,則返回nil
if (!cls) return nil;
如果類已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn),則直接返回cls
if (cls->isRealized()) return cls;
ASSERT(cls == remapClass(cls));
...
}
- 在
remapClass方法中,如果cls不存在,則直接返回 nil
/***********************************************************************
* remapClass
* Returns the live class pointer for cls, which may be pointing to
* a class struct that has been reallocated.
* Returns nil if cls is ignored because of weak linking.
* Locking: runtimeLock must be read- or write-locked by the caller
**********************************************************************/
static Class remapClass(Class cls)
{
runtimeLock.assertLocked();
if (!cls) return nil;//如果cls不存在,則返回nil
auto *map = remappedClasses(NO);
if (!map)
return cls;
auto iterator = map->find(cls);
if (iterator == map->end())
return cls;
return std::get<1>(*iterator);
}
[第三步]:通過(guò) methodizeClass方法化類
通過(guò)methodizeClass方法,從ro中讀取方法列表(包括分類中的方法)、屬性列表、協(xié)議列表賦值給rw,并返回cls
// Attach categories 附加類別 -- 疑問(wèn):ro中也有方法列表 rw中也有方法列表,下面這個(gè)方法可以說(shuō)明
//將ro數(shù)據(jù)寫(xiě)入到rw
methodizeClass(cls, previously);
return cls;
其中methodizeClass的源碼實(shí)現(xiàn)如下,主要分為幾部分:
- 將
屬性列表、方法列表、協(xié)議列表等貼到rwe中 - 附加
分類中的方法
static void methodizeClass(Class cls, Class previously)
{
runtimeLock.assertLocked();
bool isMeta = cls->isMetaClass();
auto rw = cls->data(); // 初始化一個(gè)rw
auto ro = rw->ro();
auto rwe = rw->ext();
...
// Install methods and properties that the class implements itself.
//將屬性列表、方法列表、協(xié)議列表等貼到rw中
// 將ro中的方法列表加入到rw中
method_list_t *list = ro->baseMethods();//獲取ro的baseMethods
if (list) {
prepareMethodLists(cls, &list, 1, YES, isBundleClass(cls));//methods進(jìn)行排序
if (rwe) rwe->methods.attachLists(&list, 1);//對(duì)rwe進(jìn)行處理
}
// 加入屬性
property_list_t *proplist = ro->baseProperties;
if (rwe && proplist) {
rwe->properties.attachLists(&proplist, 1);
}
// 加入?yún)f(xié)議
protocol_list_t *protolist = ro->baseProtocols;
if (rwe && protolist) {
rwe->protocols.attachLists(&protolist, 1);
}
// Root classes get bonus method implementations if they don't have
// them already. These apply before category replacements.
if (cls->isRootMetaclass()) {
// root metaclass
addMethod(cls, @selector(initialize), (IMP)&objc_noop_imp, "", NO);
}
// Attach categories.
// 加入分類中的方法
if (previously) {
if (isMeta) {
objc::unattachedCategories.attachToClass(cls, previously,
ATTACH_METACLASS);
} else {
// When a class relocates, categories with class methods
// may be registered on the class itself rather than on
// the metaclass. Tell attachToClass to look for those.
objc::unattachedCategories.attachToClass(cls, previously,
ATTACH_CLASS_AND_METACLASS);
}
}
objc::unattachedCategories.attachToClass(cls, cls,
isMeta ? ATTACH_METACLASS : ATTACH_CLASS);
....
}
方法列表加入rwe的邏輯如下:
- 獲取
ro的baseMethods - 通過(guò)
perpareMethodLists方法排序 - 對(duì)
rwe進(jìn)行處理,即通過(guò)attachList插入
方法如何排序?
在消息流程的慢速查找流程中,方法的查找算法是二分查找算法,說(shuō)明sel-imp是有排序的,那么是如何排序的呢?
- 進(jìn)入
perpareMethodLists的源碼實(shí)現(xiàn),其內(nèi)部是通過(guò)fixupMethodList方法排序的
static void
prepareMethodLists(Class cls, method_list_t **addedLists, int addedCount,
bool baseMethods, bool methodsFromBundle)
{
...
// Add method lists to array.
// Reallocate un-fixed method lists.
// The new methods are PREPENDED to the method list array.
for (int i = 0; i < addedCount; i++) {
method_list_t *mlist = addedLists[I];
ASSERT(mlist);
// Fixup selectors if necessary
if (!mlist->isFixedUp()) {
fixupMethodList(mlist, methodsFromBundle, true/*sort*/);//排序
}
}
...
}
- 進(jìn)入
fixupMethodList源碼,是根據(jù)selector address排序的
static void
fixupMethodList(method_list_t *mlist, bool bundleCopy, bool sort)
{
runtimeLock.assertLocked();
ASSERT(!mlist->isFixedUp());
// fixme lock less in attachMethodLists ?
// dyld3 may have already uniqued, but not sorted, the list
if (!mlist->isUniqued()) {
mutex_locker_t lock(selLock);
// Unique selectors in list.
for (auto& meth : *mlist) {
const char *name = sel_cname(meth.name);
meth.name = sel_registerNameNoLock(name, bundleCopy);
}
}
// Sort by selector address.根據(jù)sel地址排序
if (sort) {
method_t::SortBySELAddress sorter;
std::stable_sort(mlist->begin(), mlist->end(), sorter);
}
// Mark method list as uniqued and sorted
mlist->setFixedUp();
}
[第四步]:attachToClass 加入分類
// 加入分類
// Attach categories.
if (previously) {
if (isMeta) {
objc::unattachedCategories.attachToClass(cls, previously,
ATTACH_METACLASS);
} else {
// When a class relocates, categories with class methods
// may be registered on the class itself rather than on
// the metaclass. Tell attachToClass to look for those.
objc::unattachedCategories.attachToClass(cls, previously,
ATTACH_CLASS_AND_METACLASS);
}
}
objc::unattachedCategories.attachToClass(cls, cls,
isMeta ? ATTACH_METACLASS : ATTACH_CLASS);
主要調(diào)用了unattachedCategories.attachToClass方法,源碼實(shí)現(xiàn)如下:
void attachToClass(Class cls, Class previously, int flags)
{
runtimeLock.assertLocked();
ASSERT((flags & ATTACH_CLASS) ||
(flags & ATTACH_METACLASS) ||
(flags & ATTACH_CLASS_AND_METACLASS));
const char *mangledName = cls->mangledName();
const char *LGPersonName = "LGPerson";
if (strcmp(mangledName, LGPersonName) == 0) {
bool kc_isMeta = cls->isMetaClass();
auto kc_rw = cls->data();
auto kc_ro = kc_rw->ro();
if (!kc_isMeta) {
printf("%s: 這個(gè)是我要研究的 %s \n",__func__,LGPersonName);
}
}
auto &map = get();
auto it = map.find(previously);//找到一個(gè)分類進(jìn)來(lái)一次,即一個(gè)個(gè)加載分類,不要混亂
if (it != map.end()) {//這里會(huì)走進(jìn)來(lái):當(dāng)主類沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)load,分類開(kāi)始加載,迫使主類加載,會(huì)走到if流程里面
category_list &list = it->second;
if (flags & ATTACH_CLASS_AND_METACLASS) {//判斷是否是元類
int otherFlags = flags & ~ATTACH_CLASS_AND_METACLASS;
attachCategories(cls, list.array(), list.count(), otherFlags | ATTACH_CLASS);//實(shí)例方法
attachCategories(cls->ISA(), list.array(), list.count(), otherFlags | ATTACH_METACLASS);//類方法
} else {
//如果不是元類,則只走一次 attachCategories
attachCategories(cls, list.array(), list.count(), flags);
}
map.erase(it);
}
}
因?yàn)?attachToClass中的外部循環(huán)是找到一個(gè)分類就會(huì)進(jìn)到 attachCategories一次,即找一個(gè)就循環(huán)一次。
attachCategories方法中主要是準(zhǔn)備分類的數(shù)據(jù),其源碼實(shí)現(xiàn)如下:
static void
attachCategories(Class cls, const locstamped_category_t *cats_list, uint32_t cats_count,
int flags)
{
if (slowpath(PrintReplacedMethods)) {
printReplacements(cls, cats_list, cats_count);
}
if (slowpath(PrintConnecting)) {
_objc_inform("CLASS: attaching %d categories to%s class '%s'%s",
cats_count, (flags & ATTACH_EXISTING) ? " existing" : "",
cls->nameForLogging(), (flags & ATTACH_METACLASS) ? " (meta)" : "");
}
/*
* Only a few classes have more than 64 categories during launch.
* This uses a little stack, and avoids malloc.
*
* Categories must be added in the proper order, which is back
* to front. To do that with the chunking, we iterate cats_list
* from front to back, build up the local buffers backwards,
* and call attachLists on the chunks. attachLists prepends the
* lists, so the final result is in the expected order.
*/
constexpr uint32_t ATTACH_BUFSIZ = 64;
method_list_t *mlists[ATTACH_BUFSIZ];
property_list_t *proplists[ATTACH_BUFSIZ];
protocol_list_t *protolists[ATTACH_BUFSIZ];
uint32_t mcount = 0;
uint32_t propcount = 0;
uint32_t protocount = 0;
bool fromBundle = NO;
bool isMeta = (flags & ATTACH_METACLASS);
/*
rwe的創(chuàng)建,
那么為什么要在這里進(jìn)行`rwe的初始化`?因?yàn)槲覀儸F(xiàn)在要做一件事:往`本類`中`添加屬性、方法、協(xié)議`等
*/
auto rwe = cls->data()->extAllocIfNeeded();
//mlists 是一個(gè)二維數(shù)組
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < cats_count; i++) {
auto& entry = cats_list[I];
method_list_t *mlist = entry.cat->methodsForMeta(isMeta);
if (mlist) {
if (mcount == ATTACH_BUFSIZ) {//mcount = 0,ATTACH_BUFSIZ= 64,不會(huì)走到if里面的流程
prepareMethodLists(cls, mlists, mcount, NO, fromBundle);//準(zhǔn)備排序
rwe->methods.attachLists(mlists, mcount);
mcount = 0;
}
mlists[ATTACH_BUFSIZ - ++mcount] = mlist;
fromBundle |= entry.hi->isBundle();
}
property_list_t *proplist =
entry.cat->propertiesForMeta(isMeta, entry.hi);
if (proplist) {
if (propcount == ATTACH_BUFSIZ) {
rwe->properties.attachLists(proplists, propcount);
propcount = 0;
}
proplists[ATTACH_BUFSIZ - ++propcount] = proplist;
}
protocol_list_t *protolist = entry.cat->protocolsForMeta(isMeta);
if (protolist) {
if (protocount == ATTACH_BUFSIZ) {
rwe->protocols.attachLists(protolists, protocount);
protocount = 0;
}
protolists[ATTACH_BUFSIZ - ++protocount] = protolist;
}
}
if (mcount > 0) {
prepareMethodLists(cls, mlists + ATTACH_BUFSIZ - mcount, mcount, NO, fromBundle);//排序
rwe->methods.attachLists(mlists + ATTACH_BUFSIZ - mcount, mcount);//mlists + ATTACH_BUFSIZ - mcount 為內(nèi)存平移
if (flags & ATTACH_EXISTING) flushCaches(cls);
}
rwe->properties.attachLists(proplists + ATTACH_BUFSIZ - propcount, propcount);
rwe->protocols.attachLists(protolists + ATTACH_BUFSIZ - protocount, protocount);
}
在 auto rwe = cls->data()->extAllocIfNeeded();是進(jìn)行 rwe 的創(chuàng)建,那么為什么要在這里進(jìn)行rwe 的初始化?因?yàn)槲覀儸F(xiàn)在要做一件事:往本類中添加屬性、方法、協(xié)議等,即對(duì)原來(lái)的clean memory要進(jìn)行處理了:
- 進(jìn)入
extAllocIfNeeded方法的源碼實(shí)現(xiàn),判斷rwe是否存在,如果存在則直接獲取,如果不存在則開(kāi)辟 - 進(jìn)入
extAlloc源碼實(shí)現(xiàn),即對(duì)rwe`` 0 - 1的過(guò)程,在此過(guò)程中,就將本類的data數(shù)據(jù)加載進(jìn)去了
class_rw_ext_t *extAllocIfNeeded() {
auto v = get_ro_or_rwe();
if (fastpath(v.is<class_rw_ext_t *>())) { //判斷rwe是否存在
return v.get<class_rw_ext_t *>();//如果存在,則直接獲取
} else {
return extAlloc(v.get<const class_ro_t *>());//如果不存在則進(jìn)行開(kāi)辟
}
}
??//extAlloc源碼實(shí)現(xiàn)
class_rw_ext_t *
class_rw_t::extAlloc(const class_ro_t *ro, bool deepCopy)
{
runtimeLock.assertLocked();
//此時(shí)只有rw,需要對(duì)rwe進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)添加,即0-1的過(guò)程
auto rwe = objc::zalloc<class_rw_ext_t>();//創(chuàng)建
rwe->version = (ro->flags & RO_META) ? 7 : 0;
method_list_t *list = ro->baseMethods();
if (list) {
if (deepCopy) list = list->duplicate();
rwe->methods.attachLists(&list, 1);
}
// See comments in objc_duplicateClass
// property lists and protocol lists historically
// have not been deep-copied
//
// This is probably wrong and ought to be fixed some day
property_list_t *proplist = ro->baseProperties;
if (proplist) {
rwe->properties.attachLists(&proplist, 1);
}
protocol_list_t *protolist = ro->baseProtocols;
if (protolist) {
rwe->protocols.attachLists(&protolist, 1);
}
set_ro_or_rwe(rwe, ro);
return rwe;
}
總結(jié):本類中需要添加屬性、方法等,所以需要初始化
rwe,rwe的初始化主要涉及:分類、addMethod、addProperty、addprotocol,即對(duì)原始類進(jìn)行修改或者處理時(shí),才會(huì)進(jìn)行rwe的初始化。
attachLists 方法:插入
為什么方法、屬性、協(xié)議都能調(diào)用這個(gè)方法呢?
- 其中方法、屬性繼承于
entsize_list_tt,協(xié)議則是類似entsize_list_tt實(shí)現(xiàn),都是二維數(shù)組
struct method_list_t : entsize_list_tt<method_t, method_list_t, 0x3>
struct property_list_t : entsize_list_tt<property_t, property_list_t, 0>
struct protocol_list_t {
// count is pointer-sized by accident.
uintptr_t count;
protocol_ref_t list[0]; // variable-size
size_t byteSize() const {
return sizeof(*this) + count*sizeof(list[0]);
}
protocol_list_t *duplicate() const {
return (protocol_list_t *)memdup(this, this->byteSize());
}
...
}
-進(jìn)入attachLists方法的源碼實(shí)現(xiàn)
void attachLists(List* const * addedLists, uint32_t addedCount) {
if (addedCount == 0) return;
if (hasArray()) {
// many lists -> many lists
//計(jì)算數(shù)組中舊lists的大小
uint32_t oldCount = array()->count;
//計(jì)算新的容量大小 = 舊數(shù)據(jù)大小+新數(shù)據(jù)大小
uint32_t newCount = oldCount + addedCount;
//根據(jù)新的容量大小,開(kāi)辟一個(gè)數(shù)組,類型是 array_t,通過(guò)array()獲取
setArray((array_t *)realloc(array(), array_t::byteSize(newCount)));
//設(shè)置數(shù)組大小
array()->count = newCount;
//舊的數(shù)據(jù)從 addedCount 數(shù)組下標(biāo)開(kāi)始 存放舊的lists,大小為 舊數(shù)據(jù)大小 * 單個(gè)舊list大小
memmove(array()->lists + addedCount, array()->lists,
oldCount * sizeof(array()->lists[0]));
//新數(shù)據(jù)從數(shù)組 首位置開(kāi)始存儲(chǔ),存放新的lists,大小為 新數(shù)據(jù)大小 * 單個(gè)list大小
memcpy(
array()->lists, addedLists,
addedCount * sizeof(array()->lists[0]));
}
else if (!list && addedCount == 1) {
// 0 lists -> 1 list
list = addedLists[0];//將list加入mlists的第一個(gè)元素,此時(shí)的list是一個(gè)一維數(shù)組
}
else {
// 1 list -> many lists 有了一個(gè)list,有往里加很多l(xiāng)ist
//新的list就是分類,來(lái)自LRU的算法思維,即最近最少使用
//獲取舊的list
List* oldList = list;
uint32_t oldCount = oldList ? 1 : 0;
//計(jì)算容量和 = 舊list個(gè)數(shù)+新lists的個(gè)數(shù)
uint32_t newCount = oldCount + addedCount;
//開(kāi)辟一個(gè)容量和大小的集合,類型是 array_t,即創(chuàng)建一個(gè)數(shù)組,放到array中,通過(guò)array()獲取
setArray((array_t *)malloc(array_t::byteSize(newCount)));
//設(shè)置數(shù)組的大小
array()->count = newCount;
//判斷old是否存在,old肯定是存在的,將舊的list放入到數(shù)組的末尾
if (oldList) array()->lists[addedCount] = oldList;
// memcpy(開(kāi)始位置,放什么,放多大) 是內(nèi)存平移,從數(shù)組起始位置存入新的list
//其中array()->lists 表示首位元素位置
memcpy(array()->lists, addedLists,
addedCount * sizeof(array()->lists[0]));
}
}
從源碼可以得知,插入表主要分為三種情況:
【情況1:多對(duì)多】
如果當(dāng)前調(diào)用attachLists的list_array_tt二維數(shù)組中有多個(gè)一維數(shù)組
- 計(jì)算數(shù)組中舊
lists的大小 - 計(jì)算新的容量大小 = 舊數(shù)據(jù)大小+新數(shù)據(jù)大小
- 根據(jù)新的容量大小,開(kāi)辟一個(gè)數(shù)組,類型是
array_t,通過(guò)array()獲取 - 設(shè)置數(shù)組大小
- 舊的數(shù)據(jù)從
addedCount數(shù)組下標(biāo)開(kāi)始 存放舊的lists,大小為 舊數(shù)據(jù)大小 * 單個(gè)舊list大小,即整段平移,可以簡(jiǎn)單理解為原來(lái)的數(shù)據(jù)移動(dòng)到后面,即指針偏移 - 新數(shù)據(jù)從數(shù)組 首位置開(kāi)始存儲(chǔ),存放新的lists,大小為
新數(shù)據(jù)大小*單個(gè)list大小,可以簡(jiǎn)單理解為越晚加進(jìn)來(lái),越在前面,越在前面,調(diào)用時(shí)則優(yōu)先調(diào)用
【情況2:0對(duì)一】
如果調(diào)用attachLists的list_array_tt二維數(shù)組為空且新增大小數(shù)目為 1
- 直接賦值
addedList的第一個(gè)list
【情況3:一對(duì)多】如果當(dāng)前調(diào)用attachLists的list_array_tt二維數(shù)組只有一個(gè)一維數(shù)組
- 獲取舊的
list - 計(jì)算容量和 = 舊list個(gè)數(shù)+新lists的個(gè)數(shù)
- 開(kāi)辟一個(gè)容量和大小的集合,類型是 array_t,即創(chuàng)建一個(gè)數(shù)組,放到array中,通過(guò)array()獲取
- 設(shè)置數(shù)組的大小
- 判斷
old是否存在,old肯定是存在的,將舊的list放入到數(shù)組的末尾 -
memcpy(開(kāi)始位置,放什么,放多大) 是內(nèi)存平移,從數(shù)組起始位置開(kāi)始存入新的list,其中array()->lists表示首位元素位置
針對(duì)情況3,這里的lists是指分類:
- 這是日常開(kāi)發(fā)中,為什么子類實(shí)現(xiàn)父類方法會(huì)把父類方法覆蓋的原因
- 同理,對(duì)于同名方法,分類方法覆蓋類方法的原因
- 這個(gè)操作來(lái)自一個(gè)算法思維
LRU即最近最少使用,加這個(gè)newlist的目的是由于要使用這個(gè)newlist中的方法,這個(gè)newlist對(duì)于用戶的價(jià)值要高,即優(yōu)先調(diào)用 - 會(huì)來(lái)到1對(duì)多的原因 ,主要是有分類的添加,即舊的元素在后面,新的元素在前面 ,究其根本原因主要是優(yōu)先調(diào)用
category,這也是分類的意義所在。
memmove和memcpy的區(qū)別
- 在不知道需要平移的內(nèi)存大小時(shí),需要
memmove進(jìn)行內(nèi)存平移,保證安全 -
memcpy從原內(nèi)存地址的起始位置開(kāi)始拷貝若干個(gè)字節(jié)到目標(biāo)內(nèi)存地址中,速度快
3. 懶加載類和非懶加載類
我們?cè)?_read_image方法的第九步中提到實(shí)現(xiàn)非加載類,那么什么是非加載類呢?如何將懶加載類變成非懶加載類呢?
注釋中有提到過(guò),如果實(shí)現(xiàn)了自定義類的 +load 方法,那么這個(gè)類就是非懶加載類了。
我們自定義一個(gè) Person 類,實(shí)現(xiàn)+load方法,在第九步中打上我們的斷點(diǎn),可以看到走到斷點(diǎn)中了:

為什么實(shí)現(xiàn)load方法就會(huì)變成非懶加載類了?
因?yàn)?load 會(huì)提前加載(load方法會(huì)在load_images調(diào)用,前提是類存在)
那么不實(shí)現(xiàn)+load 方法,是懶加載類,會(huì)在什么時(shí)候加載呢?
當(dāng)然是在調(diào)用的時(shí)候進(jìn)行加載了,我們?nèi)サ?code>+load 方法的實(shí)現(xiàn),并在 main 中實(shí)例化 person :
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
@autoreleasepool {
Person *person = [[Person alloc] init];
}
return 0;
}
然后在realizeClassWithoutSwift方法處下一個(gè)斷點(diǎn):

執(zhí)行,并通過(guò)bt查看堆棧信息:

從上圖可以看到其本質(zhì)是調(diào)用
alloc方法,走了方法的慢速查找流程,所以才走到了realizeClassWithoutSwift。
所以懶加載類 和 非懶加載類的數(shù)據(jù)加載時(shí)機(jī)如下圖所示:

4.總結(jié)
-
readClass主要是讀取類,即此時(shí)的類僅有地址 + 名稱,還沒(méi)有 data 數(shù)據(jù) -
realizeClassWithoutSwift主要是實(shí)現(xiàn)類,即將類的 data 數(shù)據(jù)讀取到內(nèi)存中-
methodizeClass方法中實(shí)現(xiàn)類中方法(協(xié)議等)的序列化 -
attachCategories方法中實(shí)現(xiàn)類以及分類的數(shù)據(jù)加載
-
綜上所述,類從 Mach-O加載到內(nèi)存的流程圖如下所示:



