1. Another assumption short of legitimacy is the casual relationship claimed between ... and ...

2. Another reasoning error is ...

3. Given that ..., the author made a premature conclusion.

4. Not only does the author fail to ..., but also he fails to ...

5. The arguer assumes that ... . However, no evidence is provided to support this?assumption. We are only informed that ...

6. The arguer fails to consider / acknowledge that ...表示要考慮增加的因素

7. The arguer fails to exclude / rule out / eliminate other possibilities / factors

that ....表示有其他 因素干涉邏輯

8. The arguer fails to establish a causal relationship between the fact that ... and?the assumption / assertion / conclusion that ...

9. The arguer overemphasizes the importance of ...

10. The evidence provided in this argument is not sufficient to validate the?assumption that ....

11.The evidence can not lead to / support the claim / assumption / assertion?that

相關(guān)邏輯詞匯總結(jié)–承上啟下

?In the first place/in the second place/in the third place

?First of all/in addition/finally

?To begin with/furthermore/last but not least

?Most obviously/in addition/finally

?The major problem with this argument is

that…/another problem that undermines the logic of

this argument is that/before I come to my conclusion,

it is necessary to point out another flaw that

undermine the argument.

相關(guān)邏輯詞匯總結(jié)–假設(shè)

?if/even if

?given that/granted that

?only when

?unless

?in that case

?even so

?unless the arguer provides substantial evidence

regarding…, the assumption that… is

unfounded/problematic

相關(guān)邏輯詞匯總結(jié)–推測(cè)

?it is possible that…

?it is equally possible that…

?another possibility is that…

?it is also likely that…

?possibly

?perhaps