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Life is but a dream，人生如夢。

但現(xiàn)代社會(huì)，人生不再是夢，而是戲。

層出不窮的社交軟件到底是拉近了人與人的距離，還是搭起了一個(gè)個(gè)表演舞臺(tái)？

”

Life is but a stream

LAST YEAR ZHAO XINLONG, aged 25, and his wife and baby boy moved from his parents’ farm into a mid-rise apartment in town. It has been a tough adjustment. Luan County is a rustbelt community on the polluted outskirts of the steel city of Tangshan in north-east China. Mr Zhao’s monthly income from driving a taxi has plummeted by more than half in the past couple of years, and he has not found it easy to make friends in his new abode.

Stream ：河流，這里表示流量，或者依托互聯(lián)網(wǎng)來傳遞的視頻之類的。

mid-rise ：中層的。記得上次說東莞說的gleaming low-rise factory嗎？當(dāng)時(shí)我們說low-rise是低層，還說了高層是high-rise。所以mid-rise就是中層。記住，以后遇到高層寫字樓，可以神輕氣淡的說：a high-rise office building，而不要再很low地說a very tall building。

Tough ：艱難。某人很難搞，也可以用tough這個(gè)詞：He is a tough guy。

Rustbelt ：組合詞，rust生銹的，rustbelt就是衰退地區(qū)。

Outskirts ：郊區(qū)，比如kelly lives on the outskirts of Beijing.

monthly income ：月收入

Plummet ：to drop sharply and abruptly?比如prices?plummeted，收入下降income plummeted或者收視率下降：The TV show has plummeted in the ratings.

趙新龍，年齡25，帶著自己的妻子和孩子，從村里搬到了城里。這是一個(gè)痛苦的適應(yīng)過程。灤縣是一個(gè)比較破敗的社區(qū)，在鋼鐵之城唐山城的嚴(yán)重污染的市郊。而在過去兩年，趙新龍靠開出租車賺到的月收入已經(jīng)驟減了一半多，而要在新的住處結(jié)交朋友也并不容易。

讀完第一段，感覺就在講一個(gè)人的故事：大意就是生活很糟糕。搬家了，搬去的地方破敗，收入下降了一半，還沒有朋友，從各個(gè)緯度都在營造一個(gè)非常糟糕的場景。而生活非常非常糟糕的時(shí)候，其實(shí)在暗示：他將要去作出改變了。我們來看看第二段是否會(huì)講改變。

But when he gets online in the evening, he becomes a different person: Zhao Long’er, an entertainer. Using Kuaishou, a Chinese video-sharing and live-streaming app, he broadcasts to a live audience of hundreds, sometimes thousands, of fellow Chinese every night. Taken together, they add up to more than 100,000. Many of them are diaosi, people who mockingly identify themselves as losers in dead-end jobs. Online he can relate to them, telling them stories, dirty jokes, whatever is on his mind.

take together和add up可以同義替換，都表示“加起來”。

mockingly identify themselves as ：自嘲。比如：he mockingly identifies himself as 屌絲。他自嘲自己是屌絲。

Dead-end ：死胡同，dead-end job無前途的工作。

Relate ：與……相關(guān)。這個(gè)詞特別特別好。比如，常常我們在電視上有人緊握著親人留給自己的東西，即使丟掉生命也不愿意丟掉東西，就是因?yàn)槟莻€(gè)東西可以讓他feel related to someone。

dirty jokes ：黃段子。我們平常說的段子一般都是笑話jokes。

但是，一上網(wǎng)，他就變了，變成了一個(gè)娛樂大眾的表演者（用今天的話說就是個(gè)網(wǎng)紅），網(wǎng)名叫趙龍兒。每天晚上，他都用一個(gè)叫做快手的視頻分享和直播app，來向上千有時(shí)候上萬的中國同胞直播。

快手，大家聽過嗎？很多人聽過斗魚，聽過映客，但是沒聽過快手，介紹一下快手的來頭：快手的受眾是三四線城市和農(nóng)村人，上面各種人都屬于那種可以直播活吃一頭牛的類型，目前受眾已經(jīng)4億了。1個(gè)星期前，騰訊投資了快手3.5億美金。在我大清華東門附近有一個(gè)high-rise office building named 快手。對(duì)，沒錯(cuò)人家有一棟樓！而且是high-rise office building 哦！

創(chuàng)始人叫宿華，農(nóng)民市場做的這么好，這人肯定很low吧？然而，這位大哥，畢業(yè)于前面我提到的那個(gè)大學(xué)，清華，以前在我大Google工作的。所以非但不low，還很高大上。

繼續(xù)往下，下一句講趙龍兒的粉絲數(shù)量了，加起來有10萬那么多。其中許多人都是屌絲，就是自嘲自己沒什么前途的人。在線啊，他就可以跟粉絲互動(dòng)啦，講故事，黃段子，想到啥說啥。

第一段將趙先生生活特別艱難，收入減半，第二段一上來就告訴我們美好的事情發(fā)生了，但是這美好的事情美好到什么程度沒有說啊，一般不得和艱難的生活對(duì)比對(duì)比讓我們吃瓜群眾更加直觀的體會(huì)一下嘛，期待第三段可以把美好的程度再說清楚明白一些。

Occasionally advertisers pay him small sums to put commercials out over his stream, including things like weight loss products and “gold” jewellery from

Vietnam. Most of his followers are also from north-east China. They chat with him online and sometimes give him digital stickers representing things like a beer that fans buy online and can be converted into cash. The individual amounts are usually small, but they add up. Live-streaming his life earns Mr Zhao about $850 a month, twice as much as his day job.

Occasionally ：偶爾; 偶然; 有時(shí)候; We all overindulge occasionally. 我們偶爾都會(huì)放縱一下自己。

small sums ：一些小錢。例句：John,?the?well-known?millionaire,?was?very?mean?about?small?sums?of?money.約翰，眾所周知百萬富翁，對(duì)于小錢非常吝嗇的。

Commercials ：商業(yè)廣告。

The?idea?that?we?can?be?whatever?we?want?has?become?the?stuff?of?television commercials.

每個(gè)人皆無所不能，這一理念已經(jīng)成為電視廣告的精髓。

從詞源的角度來看，commercial 強(qiáng)調(diào)廣告的商業(yè)屬性，是一種明確的利益交換，用金錢換取知名度。而 advertisement 的本意更強(qiáng)調(diào)其傳播屬性，指廣而告之、宣布、發(fā)布等。

Followers ：粉絲，follow在社交領(lǐng)域，意思是關(guān)注。比如 “我關(guān)注的大咖們”可以直接說：big shots I follow。比如你可以說：李笑來 is a big shot I follow！笑來是我關(guān)注的大咖

偶爾廣告商會(huì)付些小錢把廣告放在他的直播上，比如減肥產(chǎn)品和越南“金”珠寶。大多數(shù)他的粉絲也來自中國東北。粉絲和他在線聊天，并且給他象征啤酒的虛擬貼紙，這些虛擬貼紙可以兌換成現(xiàn)金。單個(gè)金額很小，但是累加起來還可以。趙新龍的直播能掙850美元一個(gè)月。這差不多是他每天工作收入的2倍。

果然，不出所料，第三段特別明白的告訴我們，美好的事情，美好到什么程度呢，帶來的收入是專職工作的兩倍。到此，第一部分結(jié)束，一個(gè)趙龍兒的故事，必須要上升到千千萬萬個(gè)趙龍兒的層面嘛，也就是該上升到行業(yè)層面了

Twinkle, twinkle, little stars

The internet has amplified people’s interest in the world’s biggest stars, helping their fans feel a little closer to them, thanks to social media. But it has also made it possible for anybody to become a little star in their own corner of the universe, connecting intimately with subsets of fans. In much of the rest of the world the most popular of these are teen idols on YouTube, Instagram and Snapchat. Most people over 25 would struggle to name a YouTube star other than possibly Pew Die Pie, a Swedish gamer with a global following of more than 50m.

Twinkle, twinkle, little stars ：一閃一閃亮晶晶

feel closer to… = feel related to sb寫作時(shí)可以同義替換，都表示“感覺接近了……”。

their own corner of the universe ：茫茫宇宙中屬于他們自己的角落

connecting intimately ：連接更加緊密。

with subsets of fans ：和各種粉絲。

teen idols ：青少年偶像

網(wǎng)絡(luò)放大了人們對(duì)于大明星的追逐，社交媒體讓他們的粉絲感覺與偶像距離更近了。但是也同樣使得每個(gè)人都可能在茫茫宇宙中屬于他們自己的角落里變成個(gè)小明星，和各種粉絲聯(lián)系緊密。在中國之外的很多地方，最火的都是YouTube，Instagram和Snapchat上的青少年偶像。大多數(shù)25歲以上的人甚至很難說出一個(gè)除了Pew Die Pie之外的YouTube明星名字。

Pew Die Pie不是個(gè)pie，而是人。

（英語發(fā)音：/?pju?dipa?/、PEW-dee-py）

菲利克斯·阿爾維德·烏爾夫·謝爾貝格，1989年10月24日生，瑞典籍的youtuber，專注于Let's Play的恐怖游戲與動(dòng)作游戲。

他的頻道是YouTube中，崛起速度最快的頻道之一，在2013年，他的頻道訂閱人數(shù)由350萬迅速爬升到1200萬，于8月份PewDiePie成為在YouTube上最多人訂閱的頻道，雖然在2013年11及12月被YouTube官方的YouTube Spotlight頻道超越，但在2014年1月份時(shí)，再次成為YouTube頻道訂閱數(shù)的第一名。截至2016年8月，他已經(jīng)有超過4100萬名訂閱者。目前他已有超過5000萬的訂閱人數(shù)，平均每1.038秒就有一個(gè)訂閱者。

第四段進(jìn)入了第二部分，標(biāo)題就從趙龍兒這個(gè)小明星擴(kuò)大到了直播平臺(tái)上的千千萬萬明星。全段在強(qiáng)調(diào)的意思也是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)讓普通人都可以在自己那旮沓成為明星了。比如魔力學(xué)院曾經(jīng)的一個(gè)運(yùn)營小實(shí)習(xí)生就是他們學(xué)校的網(wǎng)紅，后來在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上因?yàn)閷懷郧樾≌f還爆火了一段時(shí)間，最后還上了一趟非誠勿擾。

China’s craze for personal live-streaming runs far deeper, into third-tier cities and remote rural areas where the internet is the one and only fun and cheap place to hang out. These personal broadcasts are not simply videos that fans watch, but more interactive experiences. The fans make requests, chat with their idols and give them virtual gifts. Many of those watching are small-time live-streamers themselves. They are turning each other into mass entertainment.

China’s craze ：中國的狂熱，craze其實(shí)就是以前咱們學(xué)過的mania，還記不記得？川普是twitter mania，發(fā)推狂魔。

personal broadcasts= personal live-streaming ：個(gè)人直播

small-time ：小規(guī)模的，卑賤不足取的，三流的;

例句I am a small-time journalist on a small newspaper.

我只是一份小報(bào)的微不足道的記者。

而中國對(duì)個(gè)人直播的狂熱比其他國家更深，已經(jīng)深入到三線城市，甚至偏遠(yuǎn)的農(nóng)村地區(qū)。在這些地方，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是唯一一個(gè)既便宜，又好玩，還可以四處閑逛的地方。這些個(gè)人直播不僅僅是看視頻，還有更多互動(dòng)。比如粉絲提要求，和偶像聊天，給他們送虛擬禮物。很多圍觀的人自己都是三流直播者。他們在把彼此變成大眾娛樂。

第五段主要講直播在中國已經(jīng)深入到社會(huì)的各個(gè)角落了。真牛逼。那下一段是不是得展開講講這個(gè)牛逼得產(chǎn)業(yè)怎么個(gè)牛逼法?。?/p>

It is a big and growing business. China’s live-streaming industry more than doubled in size last year, with revenues of around $3bn, according to Credit Suisse, a bank. More than 100 companies now offer the service, providing the platform for performers in exchange for a hefty cut of their earnings (one, YY, is publicly listed on NASDAQ, with $269m in gross revenues from live-streaming in the third quarter of last year, a year-on-year rise of more than

50%). That compares with box-office receipts for the Chinese film business, the world’s second-largest, of $7bn last year. Of the 710m people with internet connections in China, nearly half have used livestreaming apps.

is publicly listed on NASDAQ [?n?zd?k] ：納斯達(dá)克上市

box-office ：票房

這是一個(gè)很大，增長很好的業(yè)務(wù)。去年，中國直播行業(yè)市場規(guī)模翻倍了, 收入差不多30億美元。

超過100個(gè)公司提供直播服務(wù)，他們提供平臺(tái)給直播者，并獲得收入分成。括號(hào)中列舉了其中一家公司：yy 這家已經(jīng)在納斯達(dá)克上市的公司，去年第三季度通過直播獲得2.69億美元毛營收，年增長率超過50%。這跟中國電影的票房收入有的一拼了。中國電影票房全球第二，去年收入70億美金。最后說了一下直播的參與人數(shù)：中國現(xiàn)在有7.1億的網(wǎng)民，其中有一半用過直播產(chǎn)品。

果然好市場！

Many in the audience are diaosi looking for free entertainment and sometimes a substitute for romance. Women outnumber men as live-streamers, but most of the audiences are male. The government has imposed guidelines aimed mostly at the seamier side of the business, like the erotic eating of bananas (now banned). The most successful live-streamers tend to be attractive young singers of either sex, who can sometimes muster millions of fans. The most popular of them earn more than $1m a year, almost all of it from virtual gifts, but most of them are lucky to see a few hundred dollars a month, broadcasting anything from eating meals to visual pranks to warbling tunes requested by fans. Mr Zhao laments that to boost his earnings, he has to tell more dirty jokes.

Substitute ：替代品，比如

The price of gasoline rises, making alcohol an attractive substitute.

Seamier side ：丑惡的一面。

Twilight zone ：灰色地帶。

Virtual gifts其實(shí)也等價(jià)于前面提到的digital gifts，虛擬禮物。

Lament ：抱怨

很多觀眾都是屌絲，尋求免費(fèi)娛樂，有時(shí)也把直播當(dāng)作愛情的替代品。主播的女性數(shù)量超過男性，但是觀眾大部分是男性。政府已經(jīng)出臺(tái)了一些法規(guī)，靶子對(duì)準(zhǔn)了直播業(yè)務(wù)丑惡的一面。最受歡迎的主播往往是年輕的歌手，不論性別，很容易聚集百萬粉絲。其中最受歡迎的主播一年可以賺到100多萬美元，幾乎全部來自虛擬禮物。但是其余的主播一個(gè)月能有幾百美元都算幸運(yùn)呢。直播的內(nèi)容則是千奇百怪：有的吃飯，有的搞怪，還有的按照粉絲的要求變換唱腔。趙先生抱怨說為了提升收入，他不得不多講些黃段子。

第七段其實(shí)相當(dāng)全面地講了一下網(wǎng)紅的狀況，大網(wǎng)紅賺翻了，但是其他的小網(wǎng)紅也只能賺一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)。

Live-streaming emerged in China after the financial crisis of 2007-08, as internet companies with questionable business models looked for a way to survive. Six Rooms, or 6.cn, may have been the first to offer live-streaming as a service for a mass audience. It was one of numerous YouTube-like video-sharing businesses (YouTube itself is blocked in China) burning money in 2008 and failed to secure a new round of funding. In desperation its CEO and co-founder, Liu Yan, turned to live-streaming.

Emerge ：新興的，比如新興市場，我們可以直接說emerging market， China is an emerging market.

financial crisis ：金融危機(jī)。

第八段講述直播業(yè)在中國是怎么發(fā)展起來的。直播業(yè)是在07-08金融危機(jī)后在中國發(fā)展起來的，是商業(yè)模式有問題的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公司在想辦法生存中發(fā)展出來的。六間房是給大眾提供直播服務(wù)的先驅(qū)。它曾經(jīng)是眾多效仿YouTube視頻分享模式的中國視頻網(wǎng)站之一。但是下一輪融資沒有成功。絕望之下，其創(chuàng)始人轉(zhuǎn)向直播。

In 2007 Mercedes-Benz, a carmaker, had paid 300,000 yuan ($39,000) to his site to live-stream an event, and his company had developed an inexpensive way to provide such a service on a wider scale to allow people to chat with each other and exchange virtual gifts. That helped make personal broadcasting a social game which could be monetised in a way not replicated on major social platforms of the West. In China, as well as in South Korea and Japan, where live-streaming has also caught on, virtual items have long had an underlying monetary value.

Underlying ：隱含的，潛在的。

第八段講了直播的產(chǎn)生，第九段應(yīng)該講講直播的發(fā)展了。

2007年，奔馳花費(fèi)30萬元人民幣(3.9萬美元)在他的網(wǎng)站上直播了一場活動(dòng)，而他的公司也開發(fā)了一種價(jià)格低廉的方式來擴(kuò)大服務(wù)規(guī)模，讓人們可以在直播的同時(shí)彼此聊天，并交換虛擬禮物。這也幫助個(gè)人直播成為了一場具有中國特色的“社交游戲”，它獨(dú)有的變現(xiàn)渠道無法復(fù)制到西方的主要社交平臺(tái)上。在中國、韓國和日本這些近年來直播業(yè)務(wù)發(fā)展迅猛的地方，虛擬禮物很久之前就已經(jīng)具備了隱含的貨幣價(jià)值。

這么棒的生意，發(fā)展到了什么狀態(tài)，未來怎樣，請看第十段分解！

Now that the business model has been proven, all the Chinese internet giants have entered the live-streaming business. Pioneers like YY and Six Rooms must compete with bigger social platforms like Tencent. Six Rooms was acquired by a Chinese entertainment conglomerate for close to $400m in 2015, but Mr Liu, 44, remains the CEO. He has been using machine learning to work out what kinds of live-streamers inspire the most devotion from fans and get the most virtual gifts, down to preferences for facial features, tone of voice and regional provenance. He plans to unveil an even more ambitious effort soon: hired performers whose traits are determined, and perhaps enhanced, by machine learning. At this rate, life on the long tail of entertainment may start getting more difficult for rustbelt dreamers.

proven business model和questionable business model是一對(duì)兒反義詞。可行的商業(yè)模式和有問題的商業(yè)模式。

既然商業(yè)模式被驗(yàn)證了，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)大亨就都進(jìn)來了。像六間房和YY這樣的先驅(qū)現(xiàn)在需要跟互聯(lián)網(wǎng)巨頭，比如騰訊來競爭。接下來繼續(xù)在說六間房的狀況，六間房2015年已經(jīng)被宋城演藝斥資近4億美元收購，但44歲的劉巖依然擔(dān)任CEO。他們現(xiàn)在有新玩法：用機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)算法來探索哪種類型的主播最受粉絲歡迎，獲得的虛擬禮物最多。甚至還會(huì)對(duì)面部特征、語調(diào)以及所在省份等觀眾偏好展開分析。他近期還計(jì)劃啟動(dòng)更有野心的計(jì)劃：利用機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)雇傭一些特征明確或者加強(qiáng)的表演者。按照這個(gè)趨勢，原本就在娛樂業(yè)的“長尾”上艱難生存的人或許會(huì)越發(fā)明顯地感受到生活的不易。

全文讀完，我們總結(jié)一下：

這篇文章從一個(gè)小直播者出發(fā)，講述了直播平臺(tái)的過去和現(xiàn)在，順便還展望了一下未來。直播是網(wǎng)絡(luò)視頻公司的一大創(chuàng)新，也是社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)展的必然趨勢，直播造出了不少網(wǎng)紅，在最初的紅利期，很多普通人因此獲利，但是隨著商業(yè)目的越來越明確，直播平臺(tái)必然也會(huì)選擇能夠給他們帶來更多流量的直播者，普通人想成為網(wǎng)紅的機(jī)會(huì)將會(huì)越來越少，而人造網(wǎng)紅公司也許又會(huì)成為一大新興產(chǎn)業(yè)。