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1 .環(huán)境介紹

虛擬機軟件：Vmware

操作系統(tǒng)：Ubuntu16.04

程序語言：Python

2.實現功能介紹

程序實現了虛擬機的所有基本操作。包括虛擬機的啟動、暫停、關閉、重啟、強制關機、強制重啟、保存等功能。

3.步驟

（1）更新軟件

image

（2）.進入虛擬機之后需要安裝的一些組件：libvirt-bin,libvirt-dev,qemu,virt-manager,python3-libvirt，如圖：

image

（3）創(chuàng)建虛擬機鏡像，鏡像和iso文件位置：

image

（4）創(chuàng)建**.xml文件，且文件內容如下：


-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  <domain type='kvm'>

    <name>ubuntu14</name>                    //虛擬機名稱

    <memory>1048576</memory>                  //最大內存

    <currentMemory>1048576</currentMemory>    //可用內存

    <vcpu>1</vcpu>                                                      //虛擬cpu個數

    <os>

      <type arch='x86_64' machine='pc'>hvm</type>

      <boot dev='cdrom'/>                                          //光盤啟動

  </os>

  <features>

    <acpi/>

    <apic/>

    <pae/>

  </features>

  <clock offset='localtime'/>

  <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>

  <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>

  <on_crash>destroy</on_crash>

  <devices>

    <disk type='file' device='disk'>    <driver name='qemu' type='qcow2'/>            //此處關鍵，要求libvirt版本至少應該在0.9以上才能

支持，libvirt版本升級http://blog.csdn.net/gg296231363/article/details/6891460

      <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/ubuntu14.qcow2'/>        //目的鏡像路徑

      <target dev='hda' bus='ide'/>

    </disk>

    <disk type='file' device='cdrom'>

      <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/ubuntu-14.04.5-server-amd64.iso'/> //光盤鏡像路徑

      <target dev='hdb' bus='ide'/>

    </disk>

    <interface type='network'>                                               //虛擬機網絡連接方式

<source network='default'/>

      <mac address="00:16:3e:5d:aa:a8"/>    //為虛擬機分配mac地址，務必唯一，否則dhcp獲得同樣ip,引起沖突

    </interface>

    <input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/>

    <graphics type='vnc' port='-1' autoport='yes' listen = '0.0.0.0' keymap='en-us'/>//vnc方式登錄，端口號自動分配，自動加1

  </devices>

</domain>

（5）程序代碼：

import libvirt
import sys, os
from xml.dom import minidom
from datetime import datetime
import readline

# 連接函數
def lib_connect():
    try:
        conn = libvirt.open('qemu:///system')
    except libvirt.libvirtError:
        print("connect error")
        return 'None'
    return conn


# 列出所有虛擬機狀態(tài)
def lib_listall(conn):
    domains = conn.listAllDomains()
    print("Id\tName\t\t\t\tState")
    print('-' * 52)
    for domain in domains:
        if domain.ID() == -1:
            Id = '--'
        else:
            Id = str(domain.ID())
        print('%-8s%-32s%s' % (Id, domain.name(), State(domain)))
    print("")


# 列出正在運行的虛擬機
def lib_listisactive(conn):
    domainIDs = conn.listDomainsID()
    print('Id\tName\t\t\t\tState')
    print('-' * 52)
    for domainID in domainIDs:
        dom = conn.lookupByID(domainID)
        print('%-8s%-32s%s' % (dom.ID(), dom.name(), State(dom)))
    print("")


# 定義域函數
def def_Xml(conn, cmd):
    f = open(cmd)
    xmlconfig = f.read()
    f.close()
    if conn == None:
        print('Failed to open connection to qemu:///system', file=sys.stderr)
        return 'Error'
    try:
        dom = conn.defineXML(xmlconfig)
    except libvirt.libvirtError:
        return 'Error'
    if dom == None:
        print('Failed to define a domain from an XML definition.', file=sys.stderr)
        return 'Error'

    print('Guest ' + dom.name() + ' has booted', file=sys.stderr)
    return 'Error'


# 取消定義域
def undef_xml(conn, cmd):
    dom = sel_cmd(conn, cmd)
    if dom == 'None':
        return
    name = dom.name()
    flag = dom.undefine()
    if flag >= 0:
        print(cmd, ' undefined')
    return name


# 查找域
def sel_cmd(conn, cmd):
    CMD = cmd
    try:
        CMD = int(CMD)
    except ValueError:
        CMD = cmd
        try:
            dom = conn.lookupByName(CMD)
        except libvirt.libvirtError:
            return 'None'

    try:
        if type(CMD) == int:
            dom = conn.lookupByID(CMD)
        else:
            pass
    except libvirt.libvirtError:
        return 'Error'
    return dom


# 啟動域
def lib_start(conn, cmd):
    dom = sel_cmd(conn, cmd)
    if dom == 'None':
        return
    try:
        flag = dom.create()
    except libvirt.libvirtError:
        return 'Error'
    if flag >= 0:
        print('Domain %s started' % dom.name())


# 關閉域
def lib_shutdown(conn, cmd):
    dom = sel_cmd(conn, cmd)
    if dom == 'None':
        return
    dom.shutdown()
    print('Domain %s is shutting down' % dom.name())


# 銷毀域
def lib_destroy(conn, cmd):
    dom = sel_cmd(conn, cmd)
    if dom == 'None':
        return
    dom.destroy()
    print('Domain %s destroyed' % dom.name())


# 暫停域
def lib_pause(conn, cmd):
    dom = sel_cmd(conn, cmd)
    if dom == 'None':
        return
    flag = dom.suspend()
    if flag >= 0:
        print('Domain %s is paused' % dom.name())
#恢復域
def lib_continue(conn, cmd):
        dom = sel_cmd(conn, cmd)
        if dom == 'None':
            return
        flag = dom.resume()
        if flag >= 0:
            print('Domain %s continue' % dom.name())

# 域狀態(tài)
def State(dom):
    state, reason = dom.state()
    if state == libvirt.VIR_DOMAIN_NOSTATE:
        sta = 'nostate'
    elif state == libvirt.VIR_DOMAIN_RUNNING:
        sta = 'running'
    elif state == libvirt.VIR_DOMAIN_BLOCKED:
        sta = 'blocked'
    elif state == libvirt.VIR_DOMAIN_PAUSED:
        sta = 'paused'
    elif state == libvirt.VIR_DOMAIN_SHUTDOWN:
        sta = 'shutdown'
    elif state == libvirt.VIR_DOMAIN_SHUTOFF:
        sta = 'shut off'
    elif state == libvirt.VIR_DOMAIN_CRASHED:
        sta = 'crashed'
    elif state == libvirt.VIR_DOMAIN_PMSUSPENDED:
        sta = 'pmsuspened'
    else:
        sta = 'unknown'

    return sta


# 保存域狀態(tài)
def lib_save(conn, cmd, path):
    dom = sel_cmd(conn, cmd)
    if dom == 'None':
        return
    if State(dom) == 'shut off':
        print('guest is not running')
        return
    try:
        path = 'save/' + path
        print(path)
        dom.save(path)
    except libvirt.libvirtError:
        print('Save Error')
        return
    print('save over')


# 創(chuàng)建域函數
def lib_create(conn, cmd):
   # cmd=sel_cmd(conn,cmd)
    f = open(cmd)
    xmlConfig = f.read()
    f.close()
    try:
        dom = conn.createXML(xmlConfig)
    except libvirt.libvirtError:
        return 'Error'
    if dom == None:
        print("Failed to create a domain from an XMLdefinition")
        return 'Error'
    print('Guest' + dom.name() + 'has booted')
    return 'Error'


# 上傳鏡像
def lib_uploadimg(img, Type):
    if Type == 'linux':
        path = 'img/linux/'
        os.system('cp ' + img + ' ' + path)
        print("上傳成功！")
    elif Type == 'windows':
        path = 'img/windows/'
        os.system('cp ' + img + ' ' + path)
        print("上傳成功！")
    else:
        print("no such os,please check")


# 刪除鏡像
def lib_deleteimg(img, Type):
    if Type == 'linux':
        path = 'img/linux/' + img
        os.system('rm ' + path)
    elif Type == 'windows':
        path = 'img/windows/' + img
        os.system('rm ' + path)
    else:
        print('No such img,please check!')

#帶參創(chuàng)建虛擬機
def lib_createA(cmd1, cmd2, conn, func):
    f_localpath = os.popen('pwd')
    localpath = f_localpath.read()
    localpath = localpath.strip()
    orign_file = localpath + '/img/' + cmd1 + '/' +cmd2+'.img'
    if cmd2 == 'None':
        bkfile_name = datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d_%H%m%S_') + Type[-1] + '.img'
        bkfile_path = localpath + '/guest/'
        bkfile_cmd = 'qemu-img create -f qcow2 ' + bkfile_path + bkfile_name + '10G'
        path_guest = bkfile_path + bkfile_name
        os.system(bkfile_cmd)
    else:
        bkfile_path = localpath + '/img/windows/'
        path_guest = bkfile_path + cmd2+'.img'

    cpuactive = conn.getInfo()[2]
    memactive = int(conn.getInfo()[1])
    while True:
        name = input('Name:')
        cpus = input('CPU(s):')
        mem = input('Memory(MAX)(M):')
        cmem = input('currentMemory(M):')
        if name == '':
            if cmd2 == 'None':
                name = bkfile_name.split('.')[0]
            else:
                name = cmd2.split('.')[0]
        if cpus == '':
            cpus = '1'
        if mem == '':
            mem = '1024'
        if cmem == '':
            cmem = '1024'
        try:
            int(mem);
            int(cmem);
            int(cpus)
        except ValueError:
            print(' Input Wrong')
            continue
        if int(mem) > memactive:
            print('Sorry No Enough Memory!')
            continue
        if int(cpus) > cpuactive:
            print('Sorry No Enough CPUs')
            continue
        print('''
            Name:%s
            CPU(s):%s
            Memory(MAX):%s
            currentMemory:%s
            ''' % (name, cpus, mem, cmem))
        cmd = input('That is OK(Y)?')
        if cmd == 'Y' or cmd == 'y':
            break
    mem = str(int(mem) * 1024)
    cmem = str(int(cmem) * 1024)
    orig_domainfile = 'domainfile/img/demo.xml'
    dom = minidom.parse(orig_domainfile)
    dom_name = dom.getElementsByTagName('name')
    dom_mem = dom.getElementsByTagName('memory')
    dom_curmem = dom.getElementsByTagName('currentMemory')
    dom_vcpu = dom.getElementsByTagName('vcpu')
    dom_name[0].childNodes[0].nodeValue = name
    dom_mem[0].childNodes[0].nodeValue = mem
    dom_curmem[0].childNodes[0].nodeValue = cmem
    dom_vcpu[0].childNodes[0].nodeValue = cpus
    dom_devices = dom.getElementsByTagName('devices')
    dom_disk = dom_devices[0].getElementsByTagName('disk')
    dom_source = dom_disk[0].getElementsByTagName('source')
    dom_source[0].setAttribute('file', path_guest)

    save_domainfile = 'domainfile/img/' + 'demo.xml'
    print(save_domainfile)

    fp = open(save_domainfile, 'w')
    dom.writexml(fp)
    fp.close()

    recv = func['define'](conn, save_domainfile)
    print('Create Over')
#列出鏡像
def Imglist():
        F_Buffer = os.popen('ls -l  img')
      #  print(F_Buffer)
        Floders = F_Buffer.readlines()
      #  print(Floders)
        for Floder in Floders:
               if len(Floder.split())>3:
                       print ('')
                       F_name=Floder.split()[-1]
                       print ('%-24s%s'%(F_name,'Size'))
                       print ('-'*52)
                       f_Buffer = os.popen('ls -l img/'+F_name)
                       files = f_Buffer.readlines()
                       print(files)
                       for f in files:
                               if len(f.split())>3:
                                       f_name=f.split()[-1]
                                       f_size=f.split()[4]
                                       f_size=str(int(f_size)/(1024**2))
                                       print ('%-24s%sMB'%(f_name,f_size))
#網絡
def net(conn,cmd):
    domName=sel_cmd(conn,cmd)
    if domName == None:
        print('Failed to find the domain ')
        exit(1)
    raw_xml = domName.XMLDesc(0)
    xml = minidom.parseString(raw_xml)
    interfaceTypes = xml.getElementsByTagName('interface')
    for interfaceType in interfaceTypes:
        print('interface: type='+interfaceType.getAttribute('type'))
        interfaceNodes = interfaceType.childNodes
        for interfaceNode in interfaceNodes:
            if interfaceNode.nodeName[0:1] != '#':
                if interfaceNode.nodeName=='source':
                    print(' '+interfaceNode.nodeName)
                for attr in interfaceNode.attributes.keys():
                    if interfaceNode.attributes[attr].name=='network':
                        netwo=input("請輸入網絡類型：")
                        interfaceNode.attributes[attr].value=netwo
                        print(' '+interfaceNode.attributes[attr].name+' = '+interfaceNode.attributes[attr].value)
                        save_domainfile = '/etc/libvirt/qemu/' + cmd+'.xml'
                        fp = open(save_domainfile, 'w')
                        xml.writexml(fp)
                        fp.close()
    return 'Error'

# 主函數
if __name__ == '__main__':
    conn = lib_connect()
    if conn == 'None':
        sys.exit()
    while True:
        print("****************-虛擬機生命周期管理-*************")
        print("1.定義")
        print("2.取消定義")
        print("3.開始虛擬機")
        print("4關閉虛擬機")
        print("5.暫停虛擬機")
        print("6.恢復虛擬機")
        print("7.保存虛擬機狀態(tài)")
        print("8.銷毀虛擬機")
        print("9.創(chuàng)建虛擬機")
        print("10.帶參創(chuàng)建虛擬機")
        print("11.列出活動域")
        print("12.列出全部域")
        print("****************-鏡像管理-*************")
        print("13.上傳鏡像")
        print("14.刪除鏡像")
        print("15.列出鏡像")
        print("****************-網絡管理-*************")
        print("16.網絡")
        print("quit.退出")
        print("*****************************")
        cmd1 = input("Virsh(控制窗口)").strip()
        cmd = {}
        if cmd1 == '1':
            cmd[0] = 'define'
        if cmd1 == '2':
            cmd[0] = 'undefine'
        if cmd1 == '3':
            cmd[0] = 'start'
        if cmd1 == '4':
            cmd[0] = 'shutdown'
        if cmd1 == '5':
            cmd[0] = 'suspend'
        if cmd1 == '6':
            cmd[0] = 'continue'
        if cmd1 == '7':
            cmd[0] = 'save'
        if cmd1 == '8':
            cmd[0] = 'destroy'
        if cmd1 == '9':
            cmd[0] = 'create'
        if cmd1 == '10':
            cmd[0] = 'createA'
        if cmd1 == '11':
            cmd[0] = 'list'
        if cmd1 == '12':
            cmd[0] = 'list --all'
        if cmd1 == '13':
            cmd[0] = 'uploadimg'
        if cmd1 == '14':
            cmd[0] = 'deleteimg'
        if cmd1 == '15':
            cmd[0] = 'imglist'
        if cmd1 == '16':
            cmd[0] = 'net'
        if cmd1=='quit':
            cmd[0]='quit'
        if cmd[0] == 'define':
            try:
                cmd[1] = input("請輸入你要定義的域的名字：")
            except IndexError:
                print("Wrong,please check")
                continue
            def_Xml(conn, cmd[1])
        elif cmd[0] == 'undefine':
            try:
                cmd[1] = input("請輸入你要取消哪個域：")
            except IndexError:
                print("Wrong cmd")
                continue
            undef_xml(conn, cmd[1])
        elif cmd[0]=='list --all':
            lib_listall(conn)
        elif cmd[0] == 'list':
            lib_listisactive(conn)
        elif cmd[0] == 'start':
            try:
                cmd[1] = input("請輸入開啟哪個虛擬機：")
            except IndexError:
                print('Wrong CMD')
                continue

            lib_start(conn, cmd[1])
        elif cmd[0] == 'shutdown':
            try:
                cmd[1] = input("請輸入你要關閉的虛擬機：")
            except IndexError:
                print('Wrong CMD')
                continue
            lib_shutdown(conn, cmd[1])
        elif cmd[0] == 'destroy':
            try:
                cmd[1] = input("請輸入你要銷毀的虛擬機：")
            except IndexError:
                print('Wrong CMD')
                continue
            lib_destroy(conn, cmd[1])
        elif cmd[0] == 'suspend':
            try:
                cmd[1] = input("請輸入你要暫停的虛擬機：")
            except IndexError:
                print('Wrong CMD')
                continue
            lib_pause(conn, cmd[1])
        elif cmd[0] == 'quit':
            break
        elif cmd[0] == 'save':
            try:
                cmd[1]=input("請輸入你要保存那個虛擬機的狀態(tài)：")
                cmd[2]=input("請輸入你要保存到那個文件里：")
            except IndexError:
                print('Wrong CMD')
                continue
            lib_save(conn, cmd[1], cmd[2])
        elif cmd[0] == 'create':
            try:
                cmd[1]=input("輸入你要創(chuàng)建的虛擬機域的路徑：")
            except IndexError:
                print('Wrong CMD')
                continue
            lib_create(conn, cmd[1])
        elif cmd[0]=='createA':
            func = {'define': def_Xml, 'start': lib_start}
            cmd[1]=input("請輸入你要創(chuàng)建的虛擬機系統(tǒng)類型（linux/windows）：")
            cmd[2]=input("請輸入你要創(chuàng)建的虛擬機名字：")
            if cmd[2]=='None':
                lib_createA(cmd[1], 'None', conn, func)
            else:
                lib_createA(cmd[1], cmd[2], conn, func)
        elif cmd[0] == 'uploadimg':
            try:
                cmd[2]=input("請輸入你要上傳的鏡像類型：")
                cmd[1]=input("請輸入你要上傳的虛擬機名字：")
            except IndexError:
                print("Wrong command")
                continue
            lib_uploadimg(cmd[1], cmd[2])
        elif cmd[0] == 'deleteimg':
            try:
                cmd[2] = input("請輸入你要刪除的鏡像類型：")
                cmd[1] = input("請輸入你要刪除的虛擬機名字：")
            except IndexError:
                print("Wrong command")
                continue
            lib_deleteimg(cmd[1], cmd[2])
        elif cmd[0]=='imglist':
            Imglist()
        elif cmd[0]=='net':
            try:
                cmd[1]=input("輸入你要修改那個虛擬機的網絡類型：")
            except IndexError:
                print("Wrong cmd")
                continue
            net(conn,cmd[1])
        elif cmd[0] == 'continue':
             try:
                 cmd[1] = input("請輸入你要恢復的虛擬機：")
             except IndexError:
                 print('Wrong CMD')
                 continue
             lib_continue(conn, cmd[1])

（6）執(zhí)行效果圖：

image

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基于Libvirt的輕量級虛擬機管理（Virsh）

基于Libvirt的輕量級虛擬機管理（Virsh）

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