虛擬機(jī)默認(rèn)磁盤類型
scsi硬盤
分區(qū)符MBR(512字節(jié))
三部分組成：
引導(dǎo)程序： 446字節(jié)（bootloader）
分區(qū)表： 64字節(jié)
魔數(shù)： 2字節(jié)（55AA）
分區(qū)：
主分區(qū)+擴(kuò)展分區(qū)（擴(kuò)展分區(qū)之上建立了邏輯分區(qū)）
1.? 即擴(kuò)展分區(qū)是邏輯分區(qū)的資源池，邏輯分區(qū)的總大小即擴(kuò)展分區(qū)大小
2.? 擴(kuò)展分區(qū)不能直接使用，擴(kuò)展分區(qū)必須首先創(chuàng)建成邏輯分區(qū)才能使用
查看磁盤：
ls /dev/sd*
例子1：/dev/sda1
表示第一塊系統(tǒng)識別到scsi硬盤的第一個(gè)分區(qū)
文件系統(tǒng)：
EXT4：是centos6默認(rèn)的文件系統(tǒng)
XFS： 是centos7系統(tǒng)默認(rèn)的文件系統(tǒng)
fdisk分區(qū)演示–創(chuàng)建主分區(qū)
第一步：關(guān)機(jī)添加磁盤
略
第二步:查看磁盤
[root@ken ~]# ls /dev/sd*
/dev/sda /dev/sda1 /dev/sda2 /dev/sdb
第三步：fdisk創(chuàng)建主分區(qū)
[root@ken ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xe140b235.
Command (m for help): n? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? #新建分區(qū)
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? #選擇主分區(qū)
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-41943039, default 2048):? ? #分區(qū)磁盤起始位，默認(rèn)值，回車即可
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-41943039, default 41943039): +5G? ? #磁盤大小選擇，加號不能省略，回車即可
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 5 GiB is set
Command (m for help): P? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? #查看分區(qū)是否建立
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xe140b235
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 10487807 5242880 83 Linux
Command (m for help): W? ? #w保存退出,q是不保存退出
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
第四步：查看磁盤
[root@ken ~]# ls /dev/sd*
/dev/sda /dev/sda1 /dev/sda2 /dev/sdb /dev/sdb1
第五步：格式化，安裝文件系統(tǒng)
[root@ken ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1? ? ?#格式化成centos7系統(tǒng)默認(rèn)的文件系統(tǒng)類型XFS
meta-data=/dev/sdb1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=327680 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=1310720, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
第六步：掛載磁盤至本地目錄
[root@ken ~]# mkdir /xfs_ken? ? ?#創(chuàng)建本地目錄
[root@ken ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /xfs_ken? ?#使用mount進(jìn)行掛載
第七步：查看掛載信息
[root@ken ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 17G 1.4G 16G 8% /
devtmpfs 476M 0 476M 0% /dev
tmpfs 488M 0 488M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 488M 7.7M 480M 2% /run
tmpfs 488M 0 488M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1014M 130M 885M 13% /boot
tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1 5.0G 33M 5.0G 1% /xfs_ken
第八步：開機(jī)自動掛載
方法一：系統(tǒng)容易起不來
echo “/dev/sdb1 /xfs_ken xfs defaults 0 0”? >> /etc/fstab
方法二：
[root@ken ~]# echo “mount /dev/sdb1 /xfs_ken” >> /etc/rc.local
[root@ken ~]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local
fdisk分區(qū)演示–創(chuàng)建邏輯分區(qū)
第一步：fdisk添加擴(kuò)展分區(qū)
[root@ken ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): n? ? #添加新分區(qū)
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended
Select (default p): e? ? ?#選擇擴(kuò)展分區(qū)
Partition number (2-4, default 2):
First sector (10487808-41943039, default 10487808):
Using default value 10487808
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (10487808-41943039, default 41943039): +5G? ? #5G大小
Partition 2 of type Extended and of size 5 GiB is set
Command (m for help): P? ?#查看分區(qū)
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xe140b235
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 10487807 5242880 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 10487808 20973567 5242880 5 Extended
Command (m for help): w? ?#保存退出
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
第二步：創(chuàng)建邏輯分區(qū)
[root@ken ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 1 extended, 2 free)
l logical (numbered from 5)
Select (default p): l? ? #創(chuàng)建邏輯分區(qū)
Adding logical partition 5
First sector (10489856-20973567, default 10489856):
Using default value 10489856
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (10489856-20973567, default 20973567): +10G? ?#邏輯分區(qū)大小不能超過擴(kuò)展分區(qū)大小
Value out of range.
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (10489856-20973567, default 20973567): +2g
Unsupported suffix: ‘g’.
Supported: 10^N: KB (KiloByte), MB (MegaByte), GB (GigaByte)
2^N: K (KibiByte), M (MebiByte), G (GibiByte)
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (10489856-20973567, default 20973567): +2G
Partition 5 of type Linux and of size 2 GiB is set
Command (m for help): P
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xe140b235
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 10487807 5242880 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 10487808 20973567 5242880 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 10489856 14684159 2097152 83 Linux
Command (m for help): W
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
第三步：創(chuàng)建文件系統(tǒng)
[root@ken ~]# ls /dev/sd*
/dev/sda /dev/sda1 /dev/sda2 /dev/sdb /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdb5
[root@ken ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb5
meta-data=/dev/sdb5 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=131072 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=524288, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
第四步：開機(jī)自動掛載
[root@ken ~]# echo “mount /dev/sdb5 /xfs_ken” >> /etc/rc.local
驗(yàn)證寫入位置
第一步：掛載磁盤
[root@ken ~]# vim /etc/fstab
[root@ken ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 17G 1.4G 16G 8% /
devtmpfs 476M 0 476M 0% /dev
tmpfs 488M 0 488M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 488M 7.7M 480M 2% /run
tmpfs 488M 0 488M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1014M 130M 885M 13% /boot
tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0
[root@ken ~]# mount -a? ? #可以吧文件fsta里面未掛載的磁盤進(jìn)行掛載
[root@ken ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 17G 1.4G 16G 8% /
devtmpfs 476M 0 476M 0% /dev
tmpfs 488M 0 488M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 488M 7.7M 480M 2% /run
tmpfs 488M 0 488M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1014M 130M 885M 13% /boot
tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1 5.0G 33M 5.0G 1% /xfs_ken
第二步：寫入內(nèi)容
[root@ken ~]# touch /xfs_ken/{1..100}.txt
[root@ken ~]# ls /xfs_ken/
100.txt 17.txt 24.txt 31.txt 39.txt 46.txt 53.txt 60.txt 68.txt 75.txt 82.txt 8.txt 97.txt
10.txt 18.txt 25.txt 32.txt 3.txt 47.txt 54.txt 61.txt 69.txt 76.txt 83.txt 90.txt 98.txt
11.txt 19.txt 26.txt 33.txt 40.txt 48.txt 55.txt 62.txt 6.txt 77.txt 84.txt 91.txt 99.txt
12.txt 1.txt 27.txt 34.txt 41.txt 49.txt 56.txt 63.txt 70.txt 78.txt 85.txt 92.txt 9.txt
13.txt 20.txt 28.txt 35.txt 42.txt 4.txt 57.txt 64.txt 71.txt 79.txt 86.txt 93.txt
14.txt 21.txt 29.txt 36.txt 43.txt 50.txt 58.txt 65.txt 72.txt 7.txt 87.txt 94.txt
15.txt 22.txt 2.txt 37.txt 44.txt 51.txt 59.txt 66.txt 73.txt 80.txt 88.txt 95.txt
16.txt 23.txt 30.txt 38.txt 45.txt 52.txt 5.txt 67.txt 74.txt 81.txt 89.txt 96.txt
[root@ken ~]#
[root@ken ~]#
[root@ken ~]#
[root@ken ~]#
[root@ken ~]#
[root@ken ~]# umount /xfs_ken/
[root@ken ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 17G 1.4G 16G 8% /
devtmpfs 476M 0 476M 0% /dev
tmpfs 488M 0 488M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 488M 7.7M 480M 2% /run
tmpfs 488M 0 488M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1014M 130M 885M 13% /boot
tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0
[root@ken ~]# ls /xfs_ken/
[root@ken ~]#
第三步：再次掛載磁盤
[root@ken ~]# mkdir /kenken
[root@ken ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /kenken
[root@ken ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 17G 1.4G 16G 8% /
devtmpfs 476M 0 476M 0% /dev
tmpfs 488M 0 488M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 488M 7.7M 480M 2% /run
tmpfs 488M 0 488M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1014M 130M 885M 13% /boot
tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1 5.0G 33M 5.0G 1% /kenken
[root@ken ~]# ls /kenken
100.txt 17.txt 24.txt 31.txt 39.txt 46.txt 53.txt 60.txt 68.txt 75.txt 82.txt 8.txt 97.txt
10.txt 18.txt 25.txt 32.txt 3.txt 47.txt 54.txt 61.txt 69.txt 76.txt 83.txt 90.txt 98.txt
11.txt 19.txt 26.txt 33.txt 40.txt 48.txt 55.txt 62.txt 6.txt 77.txt 84.txt 91.txt 99.txt
12.txt 1.txt 27.txt 34.txt 41.txt 49.txt 56.txt 63.txt 70.txt 78.txt 85.txt 92.txt 9.txt
13.txt 20.txt 28.txt 35.txt 42.txt 4.txt 57.txt 64.txt 71.txt 79.txt 86.txt 93.txt
14.txt 21.txt 29.txt 36.txt 43.txt 50.txt 58.txt 65.txt 72.txt 7.txt 87.txt 94.txt
15.txt 22.txt 2.txt 37.txt 44.txt 51.txt 59.txt 66.txt 73.txt 80.txt 88.txt 95.txt
16.txt 23.txt 30.txt 38.txt 45.txt 52.txt 5.txt 67.txt 74.txt 81.txt 89.txt 96.txt
創(chuàng)建交換分區(qū)SWAP–磁盤
第一步：創(chuàng)建分區(qū)
[root@ken ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 1 extended, 2 free)
l logical (numbered from 5)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (3,4, default 3):
First sector (20973568-41943039, default 20973568):
Using default value 20973568
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (20973568-41943039, default 41943039): +2G
Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 2 GiB is set
Command (m for help): P
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xe140b235
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 10487807 5242880 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 10487808 20973567 5242880 5 Extended
/dev/sdb3 20973568 25167871 2097152 83 Linux
/dev/sdb5 10489856 14684159 2097152 83 Linux
/dev/sdb6 14686208 18880511 2097152 83 Linux
/dev/sdb7 18882560 20973567 1045504 83 Linux
Command (m for help): W
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
第二步：識別新創(chuàng)建的分區(qū)
[root@ken ~]# ls /dev/sd*
/dev/sda /dev/sda1 /dev/sda2 /dev/sdb /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdb5 /dev/sdb6 /dev/sdb7
[root@ken ~]# partprobe? ? ?#加載薪建分區(qū)
Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only.
[root@ken ~]# ls /dev/sd*
/dev/sda /dev/sda1 /dev/sda2 /dev/sdb /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdb3 /dev/sdb5 /dev/sdb6 /dev/sdb7
第三步：格式化為swap類型
[root@ken ~]# mkswap /dev/sdb3
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 2097148 KiB
no label, UUID=b184f890-2ec4-417d-9aef-1ac87a78464b
第四步：啟動swap
[root@ken ~]# free -h
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 974M 89M 751M 7.6M 133M 733M
Swap: 2.0G 0B 2.0G
[root@ken ~]# swapon /dev/sdb3
[root@ken ~]# free -h
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 974M 90M 750M 7.6M 133M 732M
Swap: 4.0G 0B 4.0G
[root@ken ~]#
第五步：開機(jī)自啟
方法一：
echo “/dev/sdb3 swap swap defaults 0 0”? >> /etc/fstab
方法二：
echo “swapon /dev/sdb3” >> /etc/rc.local
創(chuàng)建交換分區(qū)SWAP–本地文件
第一步：創(chuàng)建目錄
[root@ken ~]# mkdir /swap
第二步：創(chuàng)建文件
[root@ken ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/swap/swap bs=2M count=2014
2014+0 records in
2014+0 records out
4223664128 bytes (4.2 GB) copied, 29.3039 s, 144 MB/s
第三步：格式化
[root@ken ~]# mkswap /swap/swap
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 4124668 KiB
no label, UUID=211cb23a-49b5-46fc-b568-f167d4b6d06a
第四步：寫入文件
[root@ken ~]# echo “/swap/swap swap swap defaults 0 0” >> /etc/fstab
[root@ken ~]#
[root@ken ~]#
[root@ken ~]#
[root@ken ~]# mount -a
[root@ken ~]# free -h
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 974M 85M 69M 7.6M 819M 712M
Swap: 4.0G 0B 4.0G
[root@ken ~]# swapon -a
swapon: /swap/swap: insecure permissions 0644, 0600 suggested.
[root@ken ~]# free -h
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 974M 88M 66M 7.6M 819M 709M
Swap: 7.9G 0B 7.9G
第五步：修改權(quán)限
[root@ken ~]# chmod 0600 /swap/swap
關(guān)掉交換分區(qū)
[root@ken ~]# swapoff -a
[root@ken ~]# free -h
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 974M 83M 70M 7.6M 820M 714M
Swap: 0B 0B 0B
LVM邏輯卷管理
LVM： logical volumes manager
LVM邏輯卷部署
物理卷–》卷組–》邏輯卷
第一步；添加磁盤
l略
第二步：查看磁盤
[root@ken ~]# ls /dev/sd*
/dev/sda /dev/sda1 /dev/sda2 /dev/sdb /dev/sdc
第三步：創(chuàng)建物理卷
[root@ken ~]# pvcreate /dev/sd{b,c}
Physical volume “/dev/sdb” successfully created.
Physical volume “/dev/sdc” successfully created.
第四步：創(chuàng)建卷組
[root@ken ~]# vgcreate vg_ken /dev/sd{b,c}? ? #卷組名為vg_ken，物理卷/dev/sd{b,c}
Volume group “vg_ken” successfully created
第五步：邏輯卷創(chuàng)建
方式一：使用L進(jìn)行容量指定
[root@ken ~]# lvcreate -L 500M -n lv_ken1 vg_ken
Logical volume “l(fā)v_ken1” created.
方式二：使用 l 指定PE數(shù)量
[root@ken ~]# lvcreate -l 125 -n lv_ken2 vg_ken
Logical volume “l(fā)v_ken2” created.
第六步：格式化邏輯卷
[root@ken ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/vg_ken/lv_ken1
meta-data=/dev/vg_ken/lv_ken1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=32000 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=128000, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=855, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@ken ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/vg_ken/lv_ken2
meta-data=/dev/vg_ken/lv_ken2 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=32000 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=128000, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=855, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
第七步：掛載使用
[root@ken ~]# mkdir /ken1
[root@ken ~]# mkdir /ken2
[root@ken ~]# mount /dev/vg_ken/lv_ken1 /ken1
[root@ken ~]# mount /dev/vg_ken/lv_ken2 /ken2
第八步：查看掛載信息
[root@ken ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 17G 1.4G 16G 8% /
devtmpfs 476M 0 476M 0% /dev
tmpfs 488M 0 488M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 488M 7.7M 480M 2% /run
tmpfs 488M 0 488M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1014M 130M 885M 13% /boot
tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vg_ken-lv_ken1 497M 26M 472M 6% /ken1
/dev/mapper/vg_ken-lv_ken2 497M 26M 472M 6% /ken2
第九步：開機(jī)自啟
方法一： 寫入/etc/fstab
[root@ken ~]# echo “/dev/mapper/vg_ken-lv_ken1 /ken1 xfs defaults 0 0” >> /etc/fstab
方法二：寫入rc.local
echo “mount /dev/vg_ken/lv_ken1 /ken1”? >> /etc/rc.local
LVM在線擴(kuò)容–XFS格式
第一步：直接擴(kuò)容
[root@ken ~]# lvextend -L 800M /dev/vg_ken/lv_ken1
Size of logical volume vg_ken/lv_ken1 changed from 500.00 MiB (125 extents) to 800.00 MiB (200 extents).
Logical volume vg_ken/lv_ken1 successfully resized.
[root@ken ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 17G 1.4G 16G 8% /
devtmpfs 476M 0 476M 0% /dev
tmpfs 488M 0 488M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 488M 7.7M 480M 2% /run
tmpfs 488M 0 488M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1014M 130M 885M 13% /boot
tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vg_ken-lv_ken1 497M 26M 472M 6% /ken1
/dev/mapper/vg_ken-lv_ken2 497M 26M 472M 6% /ken2
第二步:xfs_growfs使配置生效
[root@ken ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/vg_ken/lv_ken1
meta-data=/dev/mapper/vg_ken-lv_ken1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=32000 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=128000, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=855, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 128000 to 204800
[root@ken ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 17G 1.4G 16G 8% /
devtmpfs 476M 0 476M 0% /dev
tmpfs 488M 0 488M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 488M 7.7M 480M 2% /run
tmpfs 488M 0 488M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1014M 130M 885M 13% /boot
tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vg_ken-lv_ken1 797M 26M 772M 4% /ken1
/dev/mapper/vg_ken-lv_ken2 497M 26M 472M 6% /ken2
[root@ken ~]#
注意：
1. xfs格式的磁盤不需要卸載即可直接在線進(jìn)行擴(kuò)容
2. extX格式需要先卸載再進(jìn)行擴(kuò)容
3. XFS格式的磁盤類型只支持?jǐn)U容不支持縮容
LVM擴(kuò)容–EXT4格式
第一步：創(chuàng)建一個(gè)ext4格式的邏輯卷
[root@ken ~]# lvcreate -L 500M -n lv_ext4 vg_ken
Logical volume “l(fā)v_ext4” created.
第二步：格式化為ext4格式
[root@ken ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg_ken/lv_ext4
第三步：掛載
[root@ken ~]# mkdir /ext4
[root@ken ~]# mount /dev/vg_ken/lv_ext4 /ext4
[root@ken ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 17G 1.4G 16G 8% /
devtmpfs 476M 0 476M 0% /dev
tmpfs 488M 0 488M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 488M 7.7M 480M 2% /run
tmpfs 488M 0 488M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1014M 130M 885M 13% /boot
tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vg_ken-lv_ken1 797M 26M 772M 4% /ken1
/dev/mapper/vg_ken-lv_ken2 497M 26M 472M 6% /ken2
/dev/mapper/vg_ken-lv_ext4 477M 2.3M 445M 1% /ext4
第四步：開始擴(kuò)容
卸載
[root@ken ~]# umount /ext4
[root@ken ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 17G 1.4G 16G 8% /
devtmpfs 476M 0 476M 0% /dev
tmpfs 488M 0 488M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 488M 7.7M 480M 2% /run
tmpfs 488M 0 488M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1014M 130M 885M 13% /boot
tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vg_ken-lv_ken1 797M 26M 772M 4% /ken1
/dev/mapper/vg_ken-lv_ken2 497M 26M 472M 6% /ken2
第五步：擴(kuò)容lventend
[root@ken ~]# lvextend -L 800M /dev/vg_ken/lv_ext4
Size of logical volume vg_ken/lv_ext4 changed from 500.00 MiB (125 extents) to 800.00 MiB (200 extents).
Logical volume vg_ken/lv_ext4 successfully resized.
第六步：磁盤檢測
[root@ken ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/vg_ken/lv_ext4
e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/dev/vg_ken/lv_ext4: 11/128016 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 26684/512000 blocks
第七步：擴(kuò)容resize2fs
[root@ken ~]# resize2fs //dev/vg_ken/lv_ext4
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Resizing the filesystem on //dev/vg_ken/lv_ext4 to 819200 (1k) blocks.
The filesystem on //dev/vg_ken/lv_ext4 is now 819200 blocks long.
第八步：掛載使用
[root@ken ~]# mount //dev/vg_ken/lv_ext4 /ext4
[root@ken ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 17G 1.4G 16G 8% /
devtmpfs 476M 0 476M 0% /dev
tmpfs 488M 0 488M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 488M 7.7M 480M 2% /run
tmpfs 488M 0 488M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1014M 130M 885M 13% /boot
tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vg_ken-lv_ken1 797M 26M 772M 4% /ken1
/dev/mapper/vg_ken-lv_ken2 497M 26M 472M 6% /ken2
/dev/mapper/vg_ken-lv_ext4 767M 2.5M 721M 1% /ext4
LVM縮容–EXT4格式
第一步：卸載
[root@ken ~]# umount /ext4
[root@ken ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 17G 1.4G 16G 8% /
devtmpfs 476M 0 476M 0% /dev
tmpfs 488M 0 488M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 488M 7.7M 480M 2% /run
tmpfs 488M 0 488M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1014M 130M 885M 13% /boot
tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vg_ken-lv_ken1 797M 26M 772M 4% /ken1
/dev/mapper/vg_ken-lv_ken2 497M 26M 472M 6% /ken2
第二步：檢測
[root@ken ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/vg_ken/lv_ext4
e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/dev/vg_ken/lv_ext4: 11/203200 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 36417/819200 blocks
第三步：縮容
[root@ken ~]# resize2fs /dev/vg_ken/lv_ext4 500M
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Resizing the filesystem on /dev/vg_ken/lv_ext4 to 512000 (1k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/vg_ken/lv_ext4 is now 512000 blocks long.
第四步：執(zhí)行l(wèi)vreduce
[root@ken ~]# lvreduce -L 500M /dev/vg_ken/lv_ext4
WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 500.00 MiB.
THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)
Do you really want to reduce vg_ken/lv_ext4? [y/n]: y
Size of logical volume vg_ken/lv_ext4 changed from 800.00 MiB (200 extents) to 500.00 MiB (125 extents).
Logical volume vg_ken/lv_ext4 successfully resized.
第五步：掛載使用
[root@ken ~]# mount //dev/vg_ken/lv_ext4 /ext4
[root@ken ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 17G 1.4G 16G 8% /
devtmpfs 476M 0 476M 0% /dev
tmpfs 488M 0 488M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 488M 7.7M 480M 2% /run
tmpfs 488M 0 488M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1014M 130M 885M 13% /boot
tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vg_ken-lv_ken1 797M 26M 772M 4% /ken1
/dev/mapper/vg_ken-lv_ken2 497M 26M 472M 6% /ken2
/dev/mapper/vg_ken-lv_ext4 477M 2.3M 445M 1% /ext4
刪除邏輯卷
邏輯卷 –》卷組–》物理卷
第一步：卸載正在使用的邏輯卷
[root@ken ~]# umount /ken1
[root@ken ~]# umount /ken2
[root@ken ~]# umount /ext4
[root@ken ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 17G 1.4G 16G 8% /
devtmpfs 476M 0 476M 0% /dev
tmpfs 488M 0 488M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 488M 7.7M 480M 2% /run
tmpfs 488M 0 488M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1014M 130M 885M 13% /boot
tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0
第二步：刪除邏輯卷
[root@ken ~]# lvremove /dev/vg_ken/lv_
lv_ext4 lv_ken1 lv_ken2
[root@ken ~]# lvremove /dev/vg_ken/lv_*
Do you really want to remove active logical volume vg_ken/lv_ken1? [y/n]: y
Logical volume “l(fā)v_ken1” successfully removed
Do you really want to remove active logical volume vg_ken/lv_ken2? [y/n]: y
Logical volume “l(fā)v_ken2” successfully removed
Do you really want to remove active logical volume vg_ken/lv_ext4? [y/n]: y
Logical volume “l(fā)v_ext4” successfully removed
第三步：刪除卷組
[root@ken ~]# vgremove vg_ken
Volume group “vg_ken” successfully removed
第四步：刪除物理卷
[root@ken ~]# pvremove /dev/sd{b,c}
Labels on physical volume “/dev/sdb” successfully wiped.
Labels on physical volume “/dev/sdc” successfully wiped.
第五步：查看
[root@ken ~]# pvdisplay
— Physical volume —
PV Name /dev/sda2? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?#只有系統(tǒng)自帶的了
VG Name centos
PV Size <19.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 4863
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 4863
PV UUID MDIeKf-Tbul-ST5P-ua57-lCVG-bPWM-o32gdQ
