寫(xiě)在前面

Hi，我是新海，一個(gè)正在備戰(zhàn)的考研人。
最近需要進(jìn)行大量的考研專項(xiàng)閱讀，于是萌生了一個(gè)翻譯計(jì)劃，準(zhǔn)備翻譯1986——2018年所有閱讀，通過(guò)大量的閱讀訓(xùn)練來(lái)熟悉考研單詞，短語(yǔ)以及語(yǔ)法，更深刻理解考研閱讀。

下面是我的第15篇，所有中文釋義，均是由本人整理翻譯，當(dāng)然也有不夠完善的地方，歡迎大家評(píng)論補(bǔ)充。

When Jane Matheson started work at Advanced Electronics Inc. 12 years ago, she laboured over a microscope, hand-welding tiny electronic computers and turned out 18 per hour. Now she tends the computerized machinery that turns out high capacity memory chips at the rate of 2,600 per hour. Production is up, profits are up, her income is up and Mrs. Matheson says the work is far less strain on her eyes.
12年前，當(dāng)簡(jiǎn)?馬西森(Jane Matheson)開(kāi)始在先進(jìn)電子公司(Advanced Electronics Inc.)工作時(shí)，她在一臺(tái)顯微鏡下手工焊接微型電子計(jì)算機(jī)，每小時(shí)生產(chǎn)18臺(tái)?，F(xiàn)在，她負(fù)責(zé)的是計(jì)算機(jī)化的機(jī)器，這種機(jī)器能以每小時(shí)2600臺(tái)的速度生產(chǎn)出高容量的存儲(chǔ)芯片。生產(chǎn)增加了，利潤(rùn)增加了，收入增加了，馬西森太太說(shuō)，工作對(duì)她的眼睛的壓力要小得多。

• turned out…裝束的；…打扮的
• per hour每小時(shí)
• high capacity高容量，高負(fù)載
• memory chips存儲(chǔ)器片( memory chip的名詞復(fù)數(shù) )
• at the rate of以…速度
• Mrs.夫人，太太
• far less遠(yuǎn)不及

But the most significant effect of the changes at AEI was felt by the workers who are no longer there. Before the new computerized equipment was introduced, there were 940 workers at the plant. Now there are 121.
但是AEI的變化最顯著的影響是那些不再在那里的工人們感受到的。在引進(jìn)新的計(jì)算機(jī)設(shè)備之前，工廠里有940名工人?，F(xiàn)在有121個(gè)。
A plant follow-up survey showed that one year after the layoffs only 38% of the released workers found new employment at the same or better wages. Nearly half finally settled for lower pay and more than 13% are still out of work.
一項(xiàng)工廠跟蹤調(diào)查顯示，裁員一年后，只有38%的被釋放工人找到了新的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。將近一半的人最終決定降低工資，超過(guò)13%人仍然失業(yè)。
The AEI example is only one of hundreds around the country which forge intelligently ahead into the latest technology, but leave the majority of their workers behind.
AEI的例子只是美國(guó)數(shù)百家企業(yè)中的一個(gè)。這些企業(yè)聰明地在最新技術(shù)領(lǐng)域取得領(lǐng)先，但卻把大部分員工甩在了身后。

• AEIAssociated Electrical Industries <英>聯(lián)合電氣工業(yè)公司; automatic error interrogation 自動(dòng)錯(cuò)誤質(zhì)詢; average efficiency index 平均效率指數(shù)
• no longer不再，已不
• there are有
• A plant內(nèi)應(yīng)
• follow-up survey追蹤調(diào)查
• one year1年
• or better趨好委托
• more than超過(guò); 不只是; 很; 在…次以上
• out of work失業(yè)
• only one有一無(wú)二

Its beginnings obscured by unemployment caused by the world economic slow-down, the new technological unemployment may emerge as the great socio-economic challenge of the end of the 20th century. One corporation economist says the growth of “machine job replacement” has been with us since the beginning of the industrial revolution, but never at the pace it is now. The human costs will be astonishing.
它的開(kāi)端被世界經(jīng)濟(jì)放緩造成的失業(yè)遮蔽，新技術(shù)失業(yè)可能成為20世紀(jì)末巨大的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)挑戰(zhàn)。一位公司經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家說(shuō)，“機(jī)器作業(yè)替換”的增長(zhǎng)從工業(yè)革命開(kāi)始就一直伴隨著我們，但是從來(lái)沒(méi)有像現(xiàn)在這么快。人類的代價(jià)將是驚人的。

• beginnings開(kāi)始( beginning的名詞復(fù)數(shù) ); 根源; 原始思想; 前兆
• obscured使…模糊不清，掩蓋( obscure的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞 )
• slow-down減慢速度，怠工
• technological unemployment因工業(yè)發(fā)展所造成的失業(yè)
• socio-economic社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的
• end of有效期限
• economist經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家，經(jīng)濟(jì)專家
• has been已經(jīng)
• industrial revolution工業(yè)革命
• astonishing使人吃驚的，驚人的; 使…詫異(astonish的ing形式)

“It’s humiliating to be done out of your job by a machine and there is no way to fight back, but it is the effort to find a new job that really hurts.” Some workers, like Jane Matheson, are retrained to handle the new equipment, but often a whole new set of skills is required and that means a new, and invariably smaller set of workers.
“用機(jī)器干掉你的工作很丟臉，沒(méi)有辦法反擊，但是找到一份新工作真的很痛苦。”一些工人，像簡(jiǎn)·馬西森，被重新訓(xùn)練來(lái)操作新設(shè)備，但是通常需要一整套新的技能，這意味著新的，而且總是更小的一組工人。

• humiliating丟臉的; 羞辱性的; “humiliate”的現(xiàn)在分詞
• be done完畢
• out of由于; 用…; 自…離開(kāi); 得自
• there is那兒有; 有著
• no way決不
• fight back反擊; 抵抗; 強(qiáng)忍住; 恢復(fù)
• Matheson馬西森取自父名，來(lái)源于Matthew,含義是“馬修之子”(son of Matthew); 馬西森
• retrained重新教育，再教育( retrain的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞 )
• set of一套…
• and that而且，并且

“It’s humiliating to be done out of your job by a machine and there is no way to fight back, but it is the effort to find a new job that really hurts.” Some workers, like Jane Matheson, are retrained to handle the new equipment, but often a whole new set of skills is required and that means a new, and invariably smaller set of workers.
“用機(jī)器干掉你的工作很丟臉，沒(méi)有辦法反擊，但是找到一份新工作真的很痛苦?！币恍┕と?，像簡(jiǎn)·馬西森，被重新訓(xùn)練來(lái)操作新設(shè)備，但是通常需要一整套新的技能，這意味著新的，而且總是更小的一組工人。

• humiliating丟臉的; 羞辱性的; “humiliate”的現(xiàn)在分詞
• be done完畢
• out of由于; 用…; 自…離開(kāi); 得自
• there is那兒有; 有著
• no way決不
• fight back反擊; 抵抗; 強(qiáng)忍住; 恢復(fù)
• Matheson馬西森取自父名，來(lái)源于Matthew,含義是“馬修之子”(son of Matthew); 馬西森
• retrained重新教育，再教育( retrain的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞 )
• set of一套…
• and that而且，并且

The old workers, trapped by their limited skills, often never regain their old status and employment. Many drift into marginal areas. They feel no pride in their new work. They get badly paid for it and they feel miserable, but still they are luckier than those who never find it.
老工人被他們有限的技能所困住，往往無(wú)法恢復(fù)他們?cè)械牡匚缓凸ぷ?。許多漂移到邊緣地區(qū)。他們對(duì)自己的新工作毫不感到自豪。他們?yōu)榇烁冻隽顺林氐拇鷥r(jià)，他們感到痛苦，但他們?nèi)匀槐饶切奈凑业竭^(guò)的人幸運(yùn)。
The social costs go far beyond the welfare and unemployment payments made by the government. Unemployment increases the chances of divorce, child abuse, and alcoholism, a new federal survey shows. Some experts say the problem is only temporary... that new technology will eventually create as many jobs as it destroys.
社會(huì)成本遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了政府的福利和失業(yè)救濟(jì)金。一項(xiàng)新的聯(lián)邦調(diào)查顯示，失業(yè)增加了離婚、虐待兒童和酗酒的機(jī)會(huì)。一些專家說(shuō)這個(gè)問(wèn)題只是暫時(shí)的…這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)最終會(huì)創(chuàng)造和它破壞的一樣多的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。

• marginal邊的，邊緣的; 旁注的; 臨界的，最低限度的; 收入僅敷支出的
• pride in以…為傲
• luckierlucky的比較級(jí)形式
• social costs社會(huì)成本
• go far揚(yáng)名
• made by由…制造
• child abuse摧殘兒童，虐待兒童
• alcoholism酗酒; 酒精中毒
• new technology新技術(shù)
• as many一樣多

But futurologist Hymen Seymour says the astonishing efficiency of the new technology means there will be a simple and direct net reduction in the amount of human labor that needs to be done. “We should treat this as an opportunity to give people more leisure.
但未來(lái)學(xué)家處女膜西摩說(shuō)，新技術(shù)驚人的效率意味著，將有一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單和直接的凈減少的人力勞動(dòng)量，需要做的事?！拔覀儜?yīng)該把這當(dāng)作給人們更多閑暇的機(jī)會(huì)。
It may not be easy, but society will have to reach a new unanimity on the division and distribution of labor,” Seymour says. He predicts most people will work only six-hour days and four-day weeks by the end of the century. But the concern of the unemployed is for now.
這可能不是件容易的事，但社會(huì)將不得不對(duì)勞動(dòng)分工和分配達(dá)成新的一致意見(jiàn)?！盨eymour說(shuō)。他預(yù)測(cè)，到本世紀(jì)末，大多數(shù)人的工作時(shí)間只有六小時(shí)和四天。但失業(yè)者的擔(dān)憂是現(xiàn)在。

• new technology新技術(shù)
• simple and direct簡(jiǎn)捷；痛痛快快
• net reduction網(wǎng)化簡(jiǎn)
• in the amount of總金額計(jì)…；金額為…
• be done完畢
• may not不見(jiàn)得；不可以；未必；不得
• have to必須; 不得不，只好; 只得; 不得已
• of labor勞力波動(dòng)
• by the end of到…為止
• for now<口>暫時(shí)，目前，眼下

Federally funded training and free back-to-school programs for laid-off workers are under way, but few experts believe they will be able to keep up with the pace of the new technology. For the next few years, for a substantial portion of the workforce, times are going to be very tough indeed.
聯(lián)邦政府資助的針對(duì)下崗工人的培訓(xùn)和免費(fèi)返校項(xiàng)目正在進(jìn)行中，但是很少有專家相信他們能夠跟上新技術(shù)的步伐。在接下來(lái)的幾年里，對(duì)于勞動(dòng)力的很大一部分，時(shí)間確實(shí)是非常艱難的。

• Federally同盟地; 聯(lián)邦地; 聯(lián)邦政府地; 在聯(lián)邦政府一級(jí)
• funded成為有固定利息的長(zhǎng)期借款的
• laid-off workers下崗工人
• under way已經(jīng)開(kāi)始并進(jìn)行著; 啟航
• be able to能夠; 能，會(huì); 克
• keep up with緊跟; 跟上， 不落人之后; 齊肩并進(jìn)
• new technology新技術(shù)
• substantial大量的; 結(jié)實(shí)的，牢固的; 重大的; 本質(zhì); 重要材料
• workforce全體員工; 勞動(dòng)力; 勞動(dòng)大軍; 勞動(dòng)人口
• going to be將成為

寫(xiě)在最后

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作者：新海
11月18日午