PS:?還是寫一段發(fā)一段吧,不然有可能被吞。上期的馬克龍也不能發(fā)- -感興趣的可以私我,郵件給你們
How the super-rich invest 超級富豪的投資之道
The family offices through which the world’s richest invest are a new force in global finance—and a target for populists
全球最富裕的一部分人通過家族辦公室來進(jìn)行投資,它是全球金融新一股新勢力——也是民粹主義者的目標(biāo)
家族辦公室最早起源于古羅馬時期的大“Domus”(家族主管)以及中世紀(jì)時期的大“Domo”(總管家)?,F(xiàn)代意義上的家族辦公室出現(xiàn)于19世紀(jì)中葉,一些抓住產(chǎn)業(yè)革命機會的大亨將金融專家、法律專家和財務(wù)專家集合起來,研究的核心內(nèi)容是如何管理和保護(hù)自己家族的財富和廣泛的商業(yè)利益。這樣就出現(xiàn)了只為一個家族服務(wù)的單一家族辦公室(Single Family Office,SFO)。1882年,約翰·D·洛克菲勒建立了世界上第一個家族辦公室。 在中國經(jīng)濟繼續(xù)保持較快發(fā)展的背景下,中國富裕家族會呈現(xiàn)繼續(xù)快速增長的趨勢,隨著中國富裕家族財富意識的覺醒,尋找合適的財富管理模式已成為他們面臨的最為緊迫的任務(wù)。以專家顧問團的形式,為中國家族提供更貼心的服務(wù),如:資產(chǎn)管理、遺產(chǎn)規(guī)劃、日常財務(wù)、企業(yè)管理、上市咨詢等,這其中不僅擁有利于家族生意發(fā)展的金融服務(wù),且更加注重對家族成員生活細(xì)節(jié)的專屬服務(wù)。家族辦公室為客戶提供專業(yè)、獨立、全面的家族事務(wù)管理。通過全球性的財務(wù)咨詢、稅務(wù)規(guī)劃師、律師事務(wù)所、會計師事務(wù)所、資產(chǎn)管理、教育專家、健康咨詢師等頂級的專業(yè)顧問團隊,為富裕家族量身打造私人定制的全方位服務(wù)。
Think of the upper echelons of the money-management business, and the image that springs to mind is of fusty private banks in Geneva or London’s Mayfair, with marble lobbies and fake country-house meeting-rooms designed to make their super-rich clients feel at home. But that picture is out of date. A more accurate one would feature hundreds of glassy private offices in California and Singapore that invest in Canadian bonds, European property and Chinese startups—and whose gilded patrons are sleepwalking into a political storm.
echelon: (軍隊、企業(yè)等組織的)等級,階層,某一等級(或階層)的所有人
spring: v. [usually + adv/prep] 跳,躍,蹦;突然出現(xiàn);涌現(xiàn);spring to mind: 躍入腦海
fusty: 發(fā)霉的;有霉味的;古板的;守舊的
Mayfair: 倫敦的上流住宅區(qū),倫敦的社交界;
country-house: (尤指多年屬于同一家族的)鄉(xiāng)間宅邸,祖宅,莊園
gilded: 鍍金的;有金色涂層的;涂成金色的;富有的;上流社會的,上層階級的
patrons: 贊助者,資助人;老顧客,老主顧
sleepwalk: 夢游;
當(dāng)人們想象一下上層階級的財富管理業(yè)務(wù),躍入腦海的畫面一般是歷史悠久的銀行,位于日內(nèi)瓦或倫敦上流街區(qū)內(nèi),有著大理石大廳,內(nèi)設(shè)有仿莊園式的會議室,來他們的超級富豪客戶感到賓至如歸。但這樣的畫面已經(jīng)過時。更準(zhǔn)確的畫面有這樣的特點:位于加州和新加坡的玻璃制私人辦公室,投資于加拿大債券、歐洲資產(chǎn)和中國初創(chuàng)企業(yè)——而它們上流階層的老主顧們正在夢游中踏入一場政治風(fēng)暴。
長句:A more accurate one would feature hundreds of glassy private offices (in California and Singapore that invest in Canadian bonds, European property and Chinese startups) —and whose gilded patrons are sleepwalking into a political storm. 這里whose指代前文的glassy private offices。
Global finance is being transformed as billionaires get richer and cut out the middlemen by creating their own “family offices”, personal investment firms that roam global markets looking for opportunities. Largely unnoticed, family offices have become a force in investing, with up to $4trn of assets—more than hedge funds and equivalent to 6% of the value of the world’s stockmarkets. As they grow even bigger in an era of populism, family offices are destined to face uncomfortable questions about how they concentrate power and feed inequality.
cut sb out: 不讓…參加;把…排除在外;不把…包括在內(nèi)
middlemen: 中間人;經(jīng)銷商;中間商
全球金融正在經(jīng)歷轉(zhuǎn)型——隨著億萬富翁變得更富裕,并通過建立自己個人的“家族辦公室”來排除中間人的參與(這是一種在全球市場中漫游,以尋找機會的私人投資企業(yè))。在大部分人未曾注意到時,家族辦公室已經(jīng)成為了投資界的新勢力,擁有高達(dá)4萬億資產(chǎn)——價值高于對沖基金,等值于全球股市的6%。隨著他們在民粹主義時代發(fā)展得更為巨大,家族辦公室注定要面對那些不愉快的話題:他們是如何聚集權(quán)力,并幫助滋生不平等現(xiàn)象。
背景:hedge funds: 采用對沖交易手段的基金稱為對沖基金(hedge fund),也稱避險基金或套期保值基金。是指金融期貨和金融期權(quán)等金融衍生工具與金融工具結(jié)合后以營利為目的的金融基金。
The concept is hardly new; John D. Rockefeller set up his family office in 1882. But the number has exploded this century. Somewhere between 5,000 and 10,000 are based in America and Europe and in Asian hubs such as Singapore and Hong Kong. Though their main task is to manage financial assets, the biggest offices, some with hundreds of staff, undertake all sorts of other chores, from tax and legal work to acting as high-powered butlers who book jets and pamper pets.
hub: 中心;樞紐
undertake: (開始)做,承擔(dān),從事(尤指耗時或困難之事)
high-powered: (人)十分成功的,位高權(quán)重的;(機器)功率大的,強有力的
pamper: 細(xì)心照顧,精心護(hù)理;縱容,嬌慣
這個概念很難說得上新鮮。約翰·D·洛克菲勒在1882年設(shè)置了他的家族辦公室。但其數(shù)量本世紀(jì)呈爆炸式增長??偛炕跉W美和亞洲中樞城市(如新加坡和香港)的家族辦公室數(shù)量在5000-10000間。盡管它們的主要任務(wù)是對資產(chǎn)進(jìn)行管理,但規(guī)模最大的辦公室擁有上百名員工,這些辦公室承擔(dān)處理各種各樣的瑣事,從稅收、法律工作到擔(dān)任強大的管家角色,比如為他們預(yù)訂噴氣飛機、精心照料寵物。
長句:Though their main task is to manage financial assets, the biggest offices (, some with hundreds of staff,) undertake all sorts of other chores, from (tax and legal work) to (acting as high-powered butlers who book jets and pamper pets.) 注意 some with hundreds of staff 是插入語,undertake all sorts of other chores的是offices,不是staff。接下來什么樣的other chores?后面是一個from A to B的句型,其中A是tax and legal work;B是acting as high-powered butlers who book jets and pamper pets.
The costs of bringing such expertise in-mansion means that they generally make sense only for those worth over $100m, the top 0.001% of the global pile. Asian tycoons such as Jack Ma of Alibaba have created their own fiefs. The largest Western family offices, such as the one set up by George Soros, an investor and philanthropist, oversee tens of billions and are as muscular as Wall Street firms, competing with banks and private- equity groups to buy whole companies.
tycoon: (商界或企業(yè)界的)巨頭,大亨
fief: n.封地,采邑
philanthropist: 慈善家
讓這些技能在家族內(nèi)部施展需要巨大的花費,這意味著它們只有對身價超過一千萬美金的人才有意義,這些人處于全球頂端的0.001%。亞洲商業(yè)巨頭,如阿里巴巴的馬云已經(jīng)創(chuàng)造了自己的領(lǐng)地。西方最大的一些家庭辦公室(如投資家、慈善家喬治·索羅斯所創(chuàng)立的那一個),掌管著成千上億的資產(chǎn),它們同華爾街公司一樣的強大,并與銀行和私募組織相競爭來收購整家公司。
Every investment boom reflects the society that spawned it. The humble mutual fund came of age in the 1970s after two decades of middle-class prosperity in America. The rise of family offices reflects soaring inequality. Since 1980 the share of the world’s wealth owned by the top 0.01% has risen from 3% to 8%. As the founders of family firms receive dividends or the proceeds of initial public offerings, they usually redeploy the cash. But since the financial crisis there has been a loss of faith in external money managers. Rich clients have taken a closer look at private banks’ high fees and murky incentives, and balked.
spawn: (使)產(chǎn)生,(使)突然增長
humble: 謙遜的; 簡陋的; (級別或地位) 低下的; 不大的
dividend: 紅利,股息
murky: 暗的,昏暗的; 朦朧的,含糊的,曖昧的; (指水) 臟的,(霧等)濃的; (陷入)心中無數(shù)的困境(或險境) ;
bulk: vi. 拒絕; 畏縮不前,猶豫; (指馬) 不肯跑; [體] 假動作
每個投資浪潮都會折射出促使其發(fā)展的社會狀況。簡易的互惠基金創(chuàng)立于20世紀(jì)70年代,美國中產(chǎn)階級繁榮發(fā)展的20年后。家族辦公室的崛起反映了不平等在迅速擴大。自1980年起,排行前0.01%的富人所擁有的資產(chǎn)占全球財富的比例,從3%上升到了8%。隨著家族企業(yè)創(chuàng)始人收到分紅,或是隨著企業(yè)IPO的進(jìn)展,這些創(chuàng)始人通常會重新調(diào)配現(xiàn)金。但自從金融危機以來,人們對外部財富經(jīng)理失去了信心。富??蛻舾M(jìn)一步看到了私人銀行的高昂收費和可疑動機,并對此有所抗拒。
背景:Mutual Fund一般指互惠基金,或者稱為共同基金,就是將眾多投資者的余額集中一起,等于眾多投資者共同聘請一個基金公司的專業(yè)投資經(jīng)理,利用其專業(yè)的知識,分散投資于各種不同的投資類別上,使這一小額投資亦能在互惠基礎(chǔ)下享受低風(fēng)險及較高的回報機會。
These trends are unlikely to fade, as our Briefing explains. The number of billionaires is still growing—199 newbies made the grade last year. In the emerging world older entrepreneurs who created firms in the boom years after 1990 are preparing to cash out, while in America and China younger tech entrepreneurs may soon float their companies, releasing a new wave of cash to reinvest. Family offices’ weight in the financial system, therefore, looks likely to rise further. As it does, the objections to them will rise exponentially. The most obvious of these is the least convincing—that family offices have created inequality. They are a consequence, not its cause. Nonetheless, there are concerns—and one in particular that is worth worrying about.
newbie: 新手
float: vt. 提出,提請考慮; (股票) 上市
exponentially: adv. 以指數(shù)方式
這些趨勢減退的可能性很小,正如我們在簡報里所解釋的。億萬富翁的數(shù)量仍在增長——去年199年新來者進(jìn)入這個等級。新興世界中,在1990年后的繁榮時期內(nèi)創(chuàng)立公司的老一代企業(yè)家正準(zhǔn)備將資產(chǎn)換成現(xiàn)金,而在美國和中國,年輕一代的科技企業(yè)家或許很快就會將公司上市,釋放出新一波的現(xiàn)金用于重新投資。因此,家族辦公室在財政系統(tǒng)中的分量看上去很可能會進(jìn)一步加重。當(dāng)這種情況發(fā)生時,對家族辦公室的反對聲將呈指數(shù)方式增加。最為明顯的反對理由最缺乏說服力——認(rèn)為家族辦公室創(chuàng)造了不平等。它們是不平等的結(jié)果,不是原因。盡管如此,仍然存在令人擔(dān)憂的問題——尤其是值得去擔(dān)心的那些。
The first is that family offices could endanger the stability of the financial system. Combining very rich people, opacity and markets can be explosive. ltcm, a $100bn hedge fund backed by the super-rich, blew up in 1998, almost bringing down Wall Street. Scores of wealthy people fell for a Ponzi scheme run by Bernie Madoff that collapsed in 2008. Still, as things stand family offices do not look like the next disaster waiting to happen. They have debt equivalent to 17% of their assets, making them among the least leveraged participants in global markets. On balance, they may even be a stabilising influence. Their funds are usually deployed for decades, making them far less vulnerable to panics than banks and many hedge funds.
opacity: 不透明;不透明性,不透明度
blow up:? (暴風(fēng)雨)開始;勃然大怒
score: 二十;scores of: 大量的,許多的
as things stand: 按現(xiàn)狀看來,在目前的情況下;
第一,家族辦公室會危害金融系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性。一旦將超級富裕人群集合起來,不透明性和市場規(guī)模會是爆炸性的。價值1000億美金、依靠超級富翁的長期資本管理公司(LTCM)在1998年爆雷,這件事幾乎弄跨了華爾街。大量富有人群陷入伯納德·麥道夫設(shè)置的龐氏騙局中,后者在2008年跨臺。不過目前而言,家庭辦公室看起來仍然并不像下一場即將發(fā)生的災(zāi)難。它們的債務(wù)相當(dāng)于其資產(chǎn)的17%,這使它們成為全球市場中杠桿率最低的參與者之一??傮w來說,它們甚至可能起到穩(wěn)定作用。它們的資金配置時間通常有數(shù)十年,這使它們同銀行和許多對沖基金相比,更不容易受到恐慌情緒的打擊。
背景:長期資本管理公司(Long-Term Capital Management,簡稱LTCM) 成立于1994年2月,總部設(shè)在離紐約市不遠(yuǎn)的格林威治,是一家主要從事定息債務(wù)工具套利活動的對沖基金。美聯(lián)儲對它的救助向社會傳遞了一個理念——大而不倒(too big to fail)。1998年,金融危機降臨亞洲金融市場,LTCM模型認(rèn)為:發(fā)展中國家債券和美國政府債券之間利率相差過大,LTCM預(yù)測的結(jié)果是:發(fā)展中國家債券利率將逐漸恢復(fù)穩(wěn)定,二者之間差距會縮小。同年8月,小概率事件真的發(fā)生了,由于國際石油價格下滑,俄羅斯國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟不斷惡化,俄政府宣布盧布貶值,停止國債交易,投資者紛紛從發(fā)展中市場退出,轉(zhuǎn)而持有美國、德國等風(fēng)險小,質(zhì)量高的債券品種。由于LTCM做錯了方向,它到了破產(chǎn)的邊緣。9月23日,美林、摩根出資收購接管了LTCM。
Ponzi scheme:龐氏騙局(指騙人向虛設(shè)的企業(yè)投資,以后來投資者的錢作為快速盈利付給最初投資者以誘使更多人上當(dāng)亦作Ponzi,這個名稱,出自于20世紀(jì)初期一個意大利商人,他利用穩(wěn)定的高額績效,吸引了將近4萬人上當(dāng),相關(guān)金額達(dá)1500萬美元。
2008年12月,美國華爾街傳奇人物、納斯達(dá)克股票市場公司前董事會主席伯納德·麥道夫 ( Bernie Madoff )?因涉嫌證券欺詐遭警方逮捕,檢察人員指控給投資者損失約500億美元。告發(fā)這位華爾街史上“最大詐騙嫌疑犯”的人,正是麥道夫的兩個兒子。2014年12月8日,麥道夫同黨進(jìn)入“審判周” 前運營總監(jiān)被判十年監(jiān)禁。聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局的起訴書顯示,麥道夫公司的資產(chǎn)管理部門和交易部門分別在不同樓層辦公,麥道夫?qū)矩攧?wù)狀況一直秘而不宣,而投資顧問業(yè)務(wù)的所有賬目、文件都被麥道夫“鎖在保險箱里”。直到近期由于面臨高達(dá)70億美元資金贖回壓力,無法再撐下去,才在12月10日向兩個兒子,也是其公司高管坦白其實自己“一無所有”,一切“只是一個巨大的謊言”。麥道夫的兒子們當(dāng)晚便告發(fā)了老爸,一場可能是美國歷史上金額最大的欺詐案這才暴露在世人眼前。
The second worry is that family offices could magnify the power of the wealthy over the economy. This is possible: were Bill Gates to invest exclusively in Turkey, he would own 65% of its stockmarket. But the aim is usually to diversify risk, not concentrate power, by taking capital from the original family business and putting it into a widely spread portfolio. The family-office industry is less concentrated than mainstream asset management, which a few firms such as BlackRock dominate. Compared with most fund managers, family offices have welcome habits, including a longerterm horizon and an appetite for startups.
magnify: 放大,擴大;加強,使(問題)更嚴(yán)重
portfolio: (個人或機構(gòu)的)投資組合;公文包;(尤指藝術(shù)家的)代表作選輯;(部長或大臣)職務(wù);(部長或大臣)職責(zé)
第二個令人擔(dān)憂的問題是,家族辦公室會放大富裕人群對經(jīng)濟的影響力。這很有可能:如果比爾·蓋茨把金錢全部投資于土耳其,他將擁有土耳其股市65%的份額。但當(dāng)家庭辦公室將資本從初始家族企業(yè)中取出,并將其投入更廣泛的投資組合中時,它們的目標(biāo)通常是分?jǐn)傦L(fēng)險,而不是集中力量。主流資產(chǎn)管理企業(yè)中,例如黑石集團之類的某幾家公司統(tǒng)治了整個產(chǎn)業(yè),相較之下,家庭辦公室產(chǎn)業(yè)的集中化程度更低。與大部分基金經(jīng)理相比,家庭辦公室的習(xí)慣更受人歡迎,包括它們擁有長期的視野,還有對初創(chuàng)企業(yè)的興趣。
背景:黑石集團?BlackRock,總部位于美國紐約,是一家全球領(lǐng)先的另類資產(chǎn)管理和提供金融咨詢服務(wù)的機構(gòu),是全世界最大的獨立另類資產(chǎn)管理機構(gòu)之一,美國規(guī)模最大的上市投資管理公司。黑石集團(Blackstone Group)又名佰仕通集團,是全世界最大的獨立另類資產(chǎn)管理機構(gòu)之一,也是一家金融咨詢服務(wù)機構(gòu)。其另類資產(chǎn)管理業(yè)務(wù)包括企業(yè)私募股權(quán)基金、房地產(chǎn)機會基金、對沖基金的基金、優(yōu)先債務(wù)基金、私人對沖基金和封閉式共同基金等。黑石集團還提供各種金融咨詢服務(wù),包括并購咨詢、重建和重組咨詢以及基金募集服務(wù)等。黑石集團總部位于美國紐約,并在亞特蘭大、波士頓、芝加哥、達(dá)拉斯、洛杉磯、舊金山、倫敦、巴黎、孟買、香港和東京設(shè)有辦事處。截止2007年9月30日,其管理的總資產(chǎn)約為982億美元,擁有65位高級管理總監(jiān)以及約520位投資和咨詢專業(yè)人員。2006年,黑石集團盈利超過22億美元,人均創(chuàng)造利潤295萬美元,是高盛人均利潤的8倍,已然成為華爾街熠熠生輝的PE之王。
It is the third danger that has most bite: that family offices might have privileged access to information, deals and tax schemes, allowing them to outperform ordinary investors. So far there is little evidence for this. The average family office returned 16% in 2017 and 7% in 2016, according to Campden Wealth, a research firm, slightly lagging behind world stockmarkets. Nonetheless, tycoons are well connected. Family offices are becoming more complex—a third have at least two branches—making tax wheezes easier. Hungry brokers and banks are rolling out the red carpet and pitching deals with unlisted firms that are not available to ordinary investors. If all this did lead to an entrenched, unfair advantage, the effect, when compounded over decades, would make wealth inequality disastrously worse.
bite: 強烈的影響;強烈的味道,辛辣的味道
wheeze: (尤指為獲利而想出的)巧計,計謀;(因呼吸困難而)發(fā)出粗重的呼吸聲,喘息,發(fā)出呼哧呼哧聲
pitch: (使)突然移動;(尤指)投,扔;支,搭(帳篷);調(diào)校至某一水平;竭力勸說;pitch a deal: sell something to someone
entrenched: 牢固確立的;根深蒂固的;積重難返的
compound: 使加重,使加劇,使惡化
第三危害所產(chǎn)生的影響最為強烈:那就是家庭辦公室或許有特權(quán)渠道能獲得信息、交易、稅收方案,讓他們在表現(xiàn)上能勝過普通投資者。迄今為止,對這點并無多少證據(jù)。家庭辦公室在2017年的平均回報率是16%,2016年是7%,據(jù)研究機構(gòu)Campden Wealth(康普頓財富)的研究結(jié)果,這一數(shù)字略微落后于全球股市收益。無論如何,商業(yè)巨頭被很好地聯(lián)系在一起。家族辦公室正變的越來越復(fù)雜——三分之一的家族辦公室至少擁有兩個分支——這讓巧妙避稅更為方便。饑渴的經(jīng)紀(jì)人和銀行正鋪展開紅地毯竭力推銷,試圖與普通投資者無法接觸到的未上市公司進(jìn)行交易。如果所有這些現(xiàn)象的確導(dǎo)致了牢固的不公平優(yōu)勢,那么經(jīng)過幾十年的惡化后,其影響將會使財富分配的不平等狀況更雪上加霜。
長句:If all this did lead to an (entrenched, unfair) advantage, the effect (, when compounded over decades,) would make wealth inequality disastrously worse.注意正確排除形容詞和插入語,抓住主干
背景:Campden Wealth:英國的家族理財研究機構(gòu)
The rich discover do-it-yourself?富人發(fā)現(xiàn)要親自動手
The answer is vigilance and light. Most regulators, treasuries and tax authorities are beginners when it comes to dealing with family offices, but they need to ensure that rules on insider trading, the equal servicing of clients by dealers and parity of tax treatment are observed. And they should prod family offices with assets of over, say, $10bn to publish accounts detailing their workings. In a world that is suspicious of privilege, big family offices have an interest in boosting transparency. In return, they should be free to operate unmolested. They may even have something to teach hordes of flailing asset managers who serve ordinary investors, many of whom may look at their monthly fees and wish that they, too, could ditch the middlemen.
vigilance: 警覺;警戒;警惕
parity: (尤指薪水或職位的)同等,平等
prod: (用手指、尖物等)刺,捅;戳;激勵,促使,敦促
molest: 調(diào)戲;猥褻;粗暴對待;攻擊;unmolested:?不受干預(yù)的
flail: (尤指手臂和雙腿)亂動,胡亂擺動
答案是既要警惕也要放松。大部分監(jiān)管者、財政部和稅務(wù)機關(guān)都是處理家族辦公室問題的新手,但他們需要確保有關(guān)內(nèi)幕交易、交易員平等服務(wù)客戶和同等稅收待遇的規(guī)則得到遵守。而且,他們應(yīng)該鼓勵資產(chǎn)超過100億美元的家族辦公室公開賬戶,詳細(xì)說明工作情況。在一個對特權(quán)心懷疑慮的世界,提高透明度對大型家族辦公室有好處。作為回報,他們應(yīng)該可以不受干擾地自由操作。他們甚至可能給那群為普通投資者服務(wù)、胡亂操作的資產(chǎn)經(jīng)理上一節(jié)課,這其中許多人或許看著他們的每月帳單,然后內(nèi)心在希望,他們自己也能拋棄中間商。
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