練習(xí)材料：Lesson 10?Not for jazz?

We have an old musical instrument. It is called a clavichord. It was made in Germany in 1681.Our clavichord is kept in the living room. It has belonged to our family for a long time. The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. My father was shocked. Now we are not allowed to touch it. It is being repaired by a friend of my father's.

任務(wù)配置：L0+L4

知識筆記：

instrument/??nstr?m?nt/樂器

clavichord/?kl?v?k?:rd/擊弦古鋼琴

strike - struck - struck

?string（樂器的）弦

一、動詞的過去式是一個動詞，單獨(dú)作謂語。不能與助動詞、情態(tài)動詞連用。它的詞性與動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)一樣。 動詞的過去式可分為規(guī)則動詞和不規(guī)則動詞。規(guī)則動詞的過去式變化如下：

1、一般情況下，動詞詞尾加 -ed ，如：

worked played wanted acted

2、以不發(fā)音的 -e 結(jié)尾動詞，動詞詞尾加 -d，如：

lived moved decided declined hoped judged raised wiped

3、以輔音字母 + y結(jié)尾的動詞，把-y變?yōu)?i 再加-ed，如：

studied tried copied justified cried carried embodied emptied

4、以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動詞，雙寫詞尾輔音字母，再加 -ed，如：

stopped begged fretted dragged dropped planned dotted dripped

5、不規(guī)則動詞的過去式變化規(guī)律性不強(qiáng)，須多加記憶。

go - went，make - made， get - got ，buy - bought ，come - came ，fly-flew ，is/am-was， are-were ，see-saw ，bring-brought，do-did，teach-taught, think-thought, are-were, say-said,sit-sat.

二、動詞的過去分詞是動詞的一種非謂語形式，也叫非限定性動詞。不能獨(dú)立作謂語，只能與助動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。如:“have/has/had +過去分詞”構(gòu)成完成時態(tài);“be+過去分詞”構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)等。它相當(dāng)于一個形容詞或副詞，在句中起一個形容詞或副詞的作用，可作表語、定語、補(bǔ)語等。它的作用與現(xiàn)在分詞doing類似。過去分詞表的意義是被動或完成。

三、不過，過去式和過去分詞最主要的區(qū)別是:過去式是一個動詞，而過去分詞是一個動詞的非謂語形式，相當(dāng)于一個形容詞或副詞。

練習(xí)感悟：有點(diǎn)開始出現(xiàn)拖延癥的傾向了，堅(jiān)持住