吃點蘑菇，改變性格
文|Matt Blake 《獨立報》 英國
45年前，藝高膽大的迷幻藥天師 Timothy Leary [1] 這么號召敬仰膜拜他的 high 貨們：大家一起來跟我“聚神、入世、出離” [2]！。這下好了，嚴(yán)肅的研究者們竟然發(fā)現(xiàn)：致幻蘑菇這玩意兒可以改變?nèi)说男愿瘢沂峭美镒儭?/p>
致幻蘑菇，因為能讓人產(chǎn)生迷幻效果而聞名遐邇。它迷幻，又不傷腦，所含的迷幻成分能增強人的感官、審美——這是一幫子科學(xué)家說的。約翰·霍普金斯大學(xué)[3]醫(yī)學(xué)院的研究表明，嗑點裸蓋菇素，有益身心健康一整年。裸蓋菇素就是小蘑菇里面的有效成分?；羝战鹚勾髮W(xué)的精神行為學(xué)教授 Roland Griffiths 說：“這個神奇的成分能改變?nèi)藢徱曌约骸徱曋苓叚h(huán)境的方式。這是個前所未有的發(fā)現(xiàn)啊！”
研究表明，嗑了這株神菇的人會變得越來越“開放”?！伴_放性”這詞是心理學(xué)里的人格5因素[4]之一。開放決定一個人的：想象力、藝術(shù)情操、感知力、抽象思維，以及，博愛情懷。其它四個因素，神經(jīng)質(zhì)、外傾性、宜人性和認(rèn)真性，壓根沒被神菇影響。
當(dāng)然咯，實驗是在嚴(yán)格的科學(xué)條件控制下進行。研究者給51個成年人發(fā)神菇和安慰劑，5天，每天8小時的劑量。他們被要求躺在沙發(fā)上，閉上雙眼，聽著音樂，全神貫注于自己的“內(nèi)心體驗”。
他們每次嗑藥后的人格表現(xiàn)會被記錄在案，一年后，又對他們的性格進行測試。51個人當(dāng)中，30個嗑了藥的人當(dāng)下表現(xiàn)得很開放，而且他們開放值high了一整年。另外21個其實嗑的是安慰劑的人，就沒啥特別變化了。
知覺麻木、審美情趣低的人，請來點蘑菇吧！（譯者自己加）
譯者注釋：
[1] ?蒂莫西·利里（英語：Timothy Francis Leary，1920年10月22日－1996年5月31日），美國著名心理學(xué)家、作家，以其晚年對迷幻藥的研究而知名。
[2] turn on, tune in and drop out, 我個人傾向于翻譯成“啥也別管，盡情飛”。
[3] 約翰霍普金斯大學(xué)的醫(yī)學(xué)院，美國頂尖私立大學(xué)，由富商、慈善事業(yè)家J．霍普金斯捐資于1876年創(chuàng)辦。
[4] 人格結(jié)構(gòu)中的五個因素：神經(jīng)質(zhì)（N）、外傾性（E）、經(jīng)驗開放性（O）、宜人性（A）和認(rèn)真性（C）。
若發(fā)現(xiàn)中英非100%對照，純屬譯者自娛自樂。
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Single Magic Mushroom 'Can Change Personality'
By?Matt Blake/independent.co.uk
Forty-five years after Timothy Leary, the apostle of drug-induced mysticism, urged his hippie followers to "turn on, tune in and drop out", researchers have found that magic mushrooms do change a user's personality – for the better.
The fungi have long been known for their psychedelic effects, but far from damaging the brain, the hallucinogenic drug they contain enhances feelings and aesthetic sensibilities, scientists say. The study, at Johns Hopkins University of Medicine in Baltimore, found that a single dose of psilocybin, the active ingredient in magic mushrooms, was enough to cause positive effects for up to a year. "Psilocybin can facilitate experiences that change how people perceive themselves and their environment," said Roland Griffiths, a study author and professor of psychiatry and behavioural science at Johns Hopkins. "That's unprecedented."
Users who had a "mystical experience" while taking the drug showed increases in a personality trait dubbed "openness", one of the five major traits used in psychology to describe human personality. Openness is associated with imagination, artistic appreciation, feelings, abstract ideas and general broad-mindedness. None of the other four traits – extroversion, neuroticism, agreeableness and conscientiousness – was altered.
Under controlled scientific conditions, researchers gave 51 adults either psilocybin or a placebo in up to five eight-hour sessions. They were told to lie on a sofa with their eyes covered and listen to music while focusing on an "inner experience".
Their personalities were screened after each drug session and also about a year later. Of the 51, 30 had a mystical experience, after which their openness scores rose, and remained higher for up to a year after the tests. The 21 who did not have a mystical experience showed no change.
