安裝和加載R包
鏡像設(shè)置
安裝
如果是CRAN，可以使用install.packages()
如果是Biocductor，可以是Bio從Manager::install()
加載
library()
也可以用require()
實例
options("repos" = c(CRAN="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/CRAN/"))
options(BioC_mirror="https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/bioc/")
install.packages("dplyr")
library(dplyr)
dplyr的五個基礎(chǔ)函數(shù)
使用示例數(shù)據(jù)iris
Attaching package: ‘dplyr’
The following objects are masked from ‘package:stats’:
filter, lag
The following objects are masked from ‘package:base’:
intersect, setdiff, setequal, union
> test <- iris[c(1:2,51:52,101:102),]
mutate()，新增列
Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species new
1 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.2 setosa 17.85
2 4.9 3.0 1.4 0.2 setosa 14.70
3 7.0 3.2 4.7 1.4 versicolor 22.40
4 6.4 3.2 4.5 1.5 versicolor 20.48
5 6.3 3.3 6.0 2.5 virginica 20.79
6 5.8 2.7 5.1 1.9 virginica 15.66
select()，按列篩選
Sepal.Length
1 5.1
2 4.9
51 7.0
52 6.4
101 6.3
102 5.8
> select(test,c(1,5))
Sepal.Length Species
1 5.1 setosa
2 4.9 setosa
51 7.0 versicolor
52 6.4 versicolor
101 6.3 virginica
102 5.8 virginica
> select(test, Petal.Length, Petal.Width)
Petal.Length Petal.Width
1 1.4 0.2
2 1.4 0.2
51 4.7 1.4
52 4.5 1.5
101 6.0 2.5
102 5.1 1.9
> vars <- c("Petal.Length", "Petal.Width")
> select(test, one_of(vars))
Petal.Length Petal.Width
1 1.4 0.2
2 1.4 0.2
51 4.7 1.4
52 4.5 1.5
101 6.0 2.5
102 5.1 1.9
filter()，篩選行
> filter(test, Species == "setosa")
Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species
1 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.2 setosa
2 4.9 3.0 1.4 0.2 setosa
> filter(test, Species == "setosa"&Sepal.Length > 5 )
Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species
1 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.2 setosa
> filter(test, Species %in% c("setosa","versicolor"))
Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species
1 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.2 setosa
2 4.9 3.0 1.4 0.2 setosa
3 7.0 3.2 4.7 1.4 versicolor
4 6.4 3.2 4.5 1.5 versicolor
arrange()，按某列或某幾列進行排序
> arrange(test, Sepal.Length)#默認從小到大排序
Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species
1 4.9 3.0 1.4 0.2 setosa
2 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.2 setosa
3 5.8 2.7 5.1 1.9 virginica
4 6.3 3.3 6.0 2.5 virginica
5 6.4 3.2 4.5 1.5 versicolor
6 7.0 3.2 4.7 1.4 versicolor
> arrange(test, desc(Sepal.Length))#用desc從大到小
Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species
1 7.0 3.2 4.7 1.4 versicolor
2 6.4 3.2 4.5 1.5 versicolor
3 6.3 3.3 6.0 2.5 virginica
4 5.8 2.7 5.1 1.9 virginica
5 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.2 setosa
6 4.9 3.0 1.4 0.2 setosa
summarise()，匯總
可以結(jié)合group_by使用
> summarise(test, mean(Sepal.Length), sd(Sepal.Length))# 計算Sepal.Length的平均值和標準差
mean(Sepal.Length) sd(Sepal.Length)
1 5.916667 0.8084965
> # 先按照Species分組，計算每組Sepal.Length的平均值和標準差
> group_by(test, Species)
# A tibble: 6 x 5
# Groups: Species [3]
Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species
<dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <fct>
1 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.2 setosa
2 4.9 3 1.4 0.2 setosa
3 7 3.2 4.7 1.4 versicolor
4 6.4 3.2 4.5 1.5 versicolor
5 6.3 3.3 6 2.5 virginica
6 5.8 2.7 5.1 1.9 virginica
> summarise(group_by(test, Species),mean(Sepal.Length), sd(Sepal.Length))
`summarise()` ungrouping output (override with `.groups` argument)
# A tibble: 3 x 3
Species `mean(Sepal.Length)` `sd(Sepal.Length)`
<fct> <dbl> <dbl>
1 setosa 5 0.141
2 versicolor 6.7 0.424
3 virginica 6.05 0.354
dplyr的實用操作
管道操作 %>%
需要使用tidyverse，管道操作 %>% (cmd/ctr + shift + M)
> test %>%
+ group_by(Species) %>%
+ summarise(mean(Sepal.Length), sd(Sepal.Length))
`summarise()` ungrouping output (override with `.groups` argument)
# A tibble: 3 x 3
Species `mean(Sepal.Length)` `sd(Sepal.Length)`
<fct> <dbl> <dbl>
1 setosa 5 0.141
2 versicolor 6.7 0.424
3 virginica 6.05 0.354
count統(tǒng)計某列的值
Species n
1 setosa 2
2 versicolor 2
3 virginica 2
dplyr處理關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)
類似于數(shù)據(jù)庫進行表格連接，不要引入額外的factor
options(stringsAsFactors=F)
內(nèi)連inner_join,取交集
左連left_join
全連full_join
半連接：返回能夠與y表匹配的x表所有記錄semi_join
反連接：返回無法與y表匹配的x表的所記錄anti_join
簡單合并
在相當于base包里的cbind()函數(shù)和rbind()函數(shù);注意，bind_rows()函數(shù)需要兩個表格列數(shù)相同，而bind_cols()函數(shù)則需要兩個數(shù)據(jù)框有相同的行數(shù)
