1. 打開(kāi)模式

打開(kāi)模式

f = open('F:\\codes\\python\\python\\fishc\\hhh.txt','r')
print(f)

<_io.TextIOWrapper name='F:\\codes\\python\\python\\fishc\\hhh.txt' mode='r' encoding='cp936'>

操作

2. 讀取文件

# 讀取整個(gè)文件
print(f.read())

hhh
qwe大哥撒謊士大夫匯豐大廈廣東省大v發(fā)
hfvkshkhalsfsfslkakjlkdslajfdlk

# 上面第一次使用read()函數(shù)使文件指針指向文件末尾，所以此時(shí)再讀取，結(jié)果為空
print(f.read())
f.close()

f1 = open('F:\\codes\\python\\python\\fishc\\hhh.txt')
# 讀取前五個(gè)字符
print(f1.read(5))#注意這里的參數(shù)為字符個(gè)數(shù)，與所占空間無(wú)關(guān)

hhh
q

# 可以使用tell()方法獲取指針位置
# 一個(gè)中文字符，占兩個(gè)字節(jié)
print(f1.tell())

6

f2 = open('F:\\codes\\python\\python\\fishc\\hhh.txt')
print(f2.read(3))
# 當(dāng)以上read()函數(shù)遇到換行時(shí)，會(huì)出現(xiàn)奇怪的東西，暫且把換行符當(dāng)成兩個(gè)字符
print(f2.tell())

hhh
18446744073709551620

# 移動(dòng)指針
f1.seek(4,0)
print(f1.tell())
print(f1.read())

4

qwe大哥撒謊士大夫匯豐大廈廣東省大v發(fā)
hfvkshkhalsfsfslkakjlkdslajfdlk

# 移動(dòng)指針
f1.seek(4,0)
print(f1.tell())
# readline()只能讀取一整行，若讀取到上一行的字符，不會(huì)有輸出
print(f1.readline())

4

# 移動(dòng)指針
f1.seek(5,0)
print(f1.tell())
print(f1.readline())

5
qwe大哥撒謊士大夫匯豐大廈廣東省大v發(fā)

# 將從指針開(kāi)始到文件最后的字符轉(zhuǎn)換成列表的形式
f1.seek(5,0)
print(list(f1))

['qwe大哥撒謊士大夫匯豐大廈廣東省大v發(fā)\n', 'hfvkshkhalsfsfslkakjlkdslajfdlk\n']

# 回到文件開(kāi)始的位置,將文件逐行打印
f1.seek(0,0)
lines = list(f1)
for each_line in lines:
    print(each_line)

hhh

qwe大哥撒謊士大夫匯豐大廈廣東省大v發(fā)

hfvkshkhalsfsfslkakjlkdslajfdlk

# 以上方法效率不高，可用如下方法
f1.seek(0,0)
for each_line in f1:
    print(each_line)

hhh

qwe大哥撒謊士大夫匯豐大廈廣東省大v發(fā)

hfvkshkhalsfsfslkakjlkdslajfdlk

f1.close()
f2.close()

3. 寫(xiě)入文件

f4 = open('F:\\codes\\python\\python\\fishc\\test.txt','w')
f4.write('你好')
f4.close()

4. 任務(wù)：將文件（words.txt）中的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分割，并按照以下規(guī)律保存起來(lái)：

• 小甲魚(yú)的對(duì)話單獨(dú)保存為boy_ *.txt的文件(去掉小甲魚(yú):”)
• 小客服的對(duì)話單獨(dú)保存為girl_ *.txt的文件(去掉小客服:”)
• 文件中總共有三段對(duì)話，分別保存為boy_ 1.txt,girl_ 1.txt, boy_ 2.txt, girl_ 2.txt,boy_ 3.txt, gril_ 3.txt共6個(gè)文件(提示:文件中不同的對(duì)話間已經(jīng)使用 ========= T ”分割)

對(duì)話

f = open(r'F:\codes\python\python\fishc\words.txt','r')

boy = []
girl = []
count = 1

for each_line in f:
    if each_line[:6] != '======':
        # 如果不是空行，就進(jìn)行字符串分割
        if each_line != '\n':
            role,line_spoken = each_line.split(':',1)
            if role == '小甲魚(yú)':
                boy.append(line_spoken)
            if role == '小客服':
                girl.append(line_spoken)
    else:
        # 進(jìn)行文件的保存操作
        file_name_boy = 'boy_' + str(count) + '.txt'
        file_name_girl = 'girl_' + str(count) + '.txt'
        
        boy_file = open(file_name_boy,'w')
        girl_file = open(file_name_girl,'w')
        
        boy_file.writelines(boy)
        girl_file.writelines(girl)
        
        boy_file.close()
        girl_file.close()
        
        boy = []
        girl = []
        count += 1

# 由于文件中只有兩個(gè)'========='分隔符
# 所以第三段對(duì)話的數(shù)據(jù)未保存，則退出循環(huán)后再保存一次
file_name_boy = 'boy_' + str(count) + '.txt'
file_name_girl = 'girl_' + str(count) + '.txt'
        
boy_file = open(file_name_boy,'w')
girl_file = open(file_name_girl,'w')
        
boy_file.writelines(boy)
girl_file.writelines(girl)
        
boy_file.close()
girl_file.close()
        
f.close()

def save_file(boy,girl,count):
    file_name_boy = 'boy_' + str(count) + '.txt'
    file_name_girl = 'girl_' + str(count) + '.txt'

    boy_file = open(file_name_boy,'w')
    girl_file = open(file_name_girl,'w')

    boy_file.writelines(boy)
    girl_file.writelines(girl)

    boy_file.close()
    girl_file.close()

def split_file(filepath):
    
    f = open(filepath)

    boy = []
    girl = []
    count = 1

    for each_line in f:
        if each_line[:6] != '======':
            # 如果不是空行，就進(jìn)行字符串分割
            if each_line != '\n':
                role,line_spoken = each_line.split(':',1)
                if role == '小甲魚(yú)':
                    boy.append(line_spoken)
                if role == '小客服':
                    girl.append(line_spoken)
        else:
            # 進(jìn)行文件的保存操作
            save_file(boy,girl,count)

            boy = []
            girl = []
            count += 1

    save_file(boy,girl,count)

    f.close()

# 整個(gè)程序只需要調(diào)用這句話就可實(shí)現(xiàn)
split_file(r'F:\codes\python\python\fishc\words.txt')