使用Apache POI導(dǎo)出Excel--大數(shù)量導(dǎo)出

生成XLSX格式Excel文檔大數(shù)據(jù)量導(dǎo)出

現(xiàn)在我們看看如何基于XLSX格式Excel文檔進(jìn)行大數(shù)量的寫入。Apache POI 大概3.8版本增加了前綴為SXSSF相關(guān)的類,主要用于大數(shù)據(jù)量的寫入與讀取。

注意:

  • 以下代碼少ReportInternalException大家可以忽略(我們封裝的一個(gè)異常類)
  • 導(dǎo)出的Excel同時(shí)考慮到數(shù)據(jù)的本身類型,如整數(shù)、小數(shù)、日期等
  • 寫入數(shù)據(jù)方式需依次調(diào)用方法[writeExcelTitle、writeExcelData、dispose],先完成寫入Excel標(biāo)題與列名,再完成數(shù)據(jù)寫入(或者說基于模板方式寫入數(shù)據(jù)),最終關(guān)閉流與資源的釋放
  • 我們使用[styleMap]方法避免重復(fù)創(chuàng)建Excel單元格樣式(否則受Excel創(chuàng)建樣式數(shù)量限制)
  • SXSSFWorkbook基于模板寫入數(shù)據(jù)的時(shí)候仍需要借助XSSFWorkbook
  • SXSSFWorkbook寫入數(shù)據(jù)模式大致為:根據(jù)初始化設(shè)置的flushRows(內(nèi)存存儲(chǔ)條數(shù))數(shù)隨著數(shù)據(jù)寫入逐步把數(shù)據(jù)刷新至硬盤,具體參考官方文檔與API介紹
XSSFWorkbook tplWorkBook = new XSSFWorkbook(new FileInputStream(file));
Workbook writeDataWorkBook = new SXSSFWorkbook(tplWorkBook, flushRows);
開始曬代碼時(shí)間
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFDataFormat;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.util.HSSFColor;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.*;
import org.apache.poi.ss.util.CellRangeAddress;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.streaming.SXSSFSheet;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.streaming.SXSSFWorkbook;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFCellStyle;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFFont;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFRichTextString;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook;

import java.io.*;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * Excel 相關(guān)操作類(大數(shù)據(jù)量寫入但受Excel數(shù)據(jù)行數(shù)限制)
 * 先寫入Excel標(biāo)題(writeExcelTitle),再寫入數(shù)據(jù)(writeExcelData),最后釋放資源(dispose)
 */
public class ExportExcel2007 {

    //默認(rèn)列寬度
    private final int DEFAULT_COLUMN_SIZE = 30;
    //刷新寫入硬盤數(shù)據(jù)閥值
    private final int flushRows = 1000;
    //聲明一個(gè)模板工作薄(寫入流式數(shù)據(jù))
    private Workbook writeDataWorkBook;
    //樣式列表
    private Map<String, CellStyle> cellStyleMap;
    //Excel當(dāng)前數(shù)據(jù)行數(shù)(將要寫入數(shù)據(jù)的索引數(shù))
    private int currentRowNum = 0;
    //數(shù)據(jù)輸出流
    private OutputStream outputStream;

    /**
     * 斷言Excel文件寫入之前的條件
     *
     * @param directory 目錄
     * @param fileName  文件名
     * @return file
     * @throws IOException
     */
    private File assertFile(String directory, String fileName) throws IOException {
        File tmpFile = new File(directory + File.separator + fileName + ".xlsx");
        if (tmpFile.exists()) {
            if (tmpFile.isDirectory()) {
                throw new IOException("File '" + tmpFile + "' exists but is a directory");
            }
            if (!tmpFile.canWrite()) {
                throw new IOException("File '" + tmpFile + "' cannot be written to");
            }
        } else {
            File parent = tmpFile.getParentFile();
            if (parent != null) {
                if (!parent.mkdirs() && !parent.isDirectory()) {
                    throw new IOException("Directory '" + parent + "' could not be created");
                }
            }
        }
        return tmpFile;
    }

    /**
     * 日期轉(zhuǎn)化為字符串,格式為yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss
     */
    private String getCnDate(Date date) {
        SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
        return sdf.format(date);
    }

    /**
     * Excel 導(dǎo)出,POI實(shí)現(xiàn),先寫入Excel標(biāo)題,與writeExcelData配合使用
     * 先使用writeExcelTitle再使用writeExcelData
     *
     * @param directory   目錄
     * @param fileName    文件名
     * @param sheetName   sheetName
     * @param columnNames 列名集合
     * @param sheetTitle  表格標(biāo)題
     */
    public void writeExcelTitle(String directory, String fileName, String sheetName, List<String> columnNames,
                                String sheetTitle) throws ReportInternalException, IOException {
        File tmpFile = assertFile(directory, fileName);
        exportExcelTitle(tmpFile, sheetName, columnNames, sheetTitle);
        loadTplWorkbook(tmpFile);
    }

    /**
     * Excel 導(dǎo)出,POI實(shí)現(xiàn),寫入Excel數(shù)據(jù)行列,與writeExcelTitle配合使用
     * 先使用writeExcelTitle再使用writeExcelData
     *
     * @param directory 目錄
     * @param fileName  文件名
     * @param sheetName sheetName
     * @param objects   數(shù)據(jù)信息
     */
    public void writeExcelData(String directory, String fileName, String sheetName, List<List<Object>> objects)
            throws ReportInternalException, IOException {
        File tmpFile = assertFile(directory, fileName);
        outputStream = new FileOutputStream(tmpFile);
        exportExcelData(sheetName, objects);
    }

    /**
     * 釋放資源
     */
    public void dispose() throws ReportInternalException {
        try {
            if (writeDataWorkBook != null) {
                writeDataWorkBook.write(outputStream);
            }
            if (outputStream != null) {
                outputStream.flush();
                outputStream.close();
            }
            if (cellStyleMap != null) {
                cellStyleMap.clear();
            }
            cellStyleMap = null;
            outputStream = null;
            writeDataWorkBook = null;
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new ReportInternalException(e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 導(dǎo)出字符串?dāng)?shù)據(jù)
     *
     * @param file        文件名
     * @param columnNames 表頭
     * @param sheetTitle  sheet頁Title
     */
    private void exportExcelTitle(File file, String sheetName, List<String> columnNames,
                                  String sheetTitle) throws ReportInternalException {
        Workbook tplWorkBook = new XSSFWorkbook();
        Map<String, CellStyle> cellStyleMap = styleMap(tplWorkBook);
        // 表頭樣式
        CellStyle headStyle = cellStyleMap.get("head");
        // 生成一個(gè)表格
        Sheet sheet = tplWorkBook.getSheet(sheetName);
        if (sheet == null) {
            sheet = tplWorkBook.createSheet(sheetName);
        }
        //最新Excel列索引,從0開始
        //int lastRowIndex = sheet.getLastRowNum();
        // 設(shè)置表格默認(rèn)列寬度
        sheet.setDefaultColumnWidth(DEFAULT_COLUMN_SIZE);
        // 合并單元格
        sheet.addMergedRegion(new CellRangeAddress(currentRowNum, currentRowNum, 0, columnNames.size() - 1));
        // 產(chǎn)生表格標(biāo)題行
        Row rowMerged = sheet.createRow(currentRowNum);
        Cell mergedCell = rowMerged.createCell(0);
        mergedCell.setCellStyle(headStyle);
        mergedCell.setCellValue(new XSSFRichTextString(sheetTitle));
        //寫入成功一行數(shù)據(jù)遞增行數(shù)
        currentRowNum = currentRowNum + 1;
        // 產(chǎn)生表格表頭列標(biāo)題行
        Row row = sheet.createRow(currentRowNum);
        for (int i = 0; i < columnNames.size(); i++) {
            Cell cell = row.createCell(i);
            cell.setCellStyle(headStyle);
            RichTextString text = new XSSFRichTextString(columnNames.get(i));
            cell.setCellValue(text);
        }
        //寫入成功一行數(shù)據(jù)遞增行數(shù)
        currentRowNum = currentRowNum + 1;
        try {
            OutputStream ops = new FileOutputStream(file);
            tplWorkBook.write(ops);
            ops.flush();
            ops.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new ReportInternalException(e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 加載模板文件
     */
    private void loadTplWorkbook(File file) throws ReportInternalException {
        try {
            XSSFWorkbook tplWorkBook = new XSSFWorkbook(new FileInputStream(file));
            writeDataWorkBook = new SXSSFWorkbook(tplWorkBook, flushRows);
            cellStyleMap = styleMap(writeDataWorkBook);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new ReportInternalException("Excel模板文件不存在");
        }
    }

    /**
     * 導(dǎo)出字符串?dāng)?shù)據(jù)
     *
     * @param objects 目標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)
     */
    private void exportExcelData(String sheetName, List<List<Object>> objects) throws ReportInternalException, IOException {
        // 正文樣式
        CellStyle contentStyle = cellStyleMap.get("content");
        //正文整數(shù)樣式
        CellStyle contentIntegerStyle = cellStyleMap.get("integer");
        //正文帶小數(shù)整數(shù)樣式
        CellStyle contentDoubleStyle = cellStyleMap.get("double");
        // 生成一個(gè)表格
        Sheet sheet = writeDataWorkBook.getSheet(sheetName);
        if (sheet == null) {
            throw new ReportInternalException("讀取Excel模板錯(cuò)誤");
        }
        // 設(shè)置表格默認(rèn)列寬度
        sheet.setDefaultColumnWidth(DEFAULT_COLUMN_SIZE);
        // 遍歷集合數(shù)據(jù),產(chǎn)生數(shù)據(jù)行,前兩行為標(biāo)題行與表頭行
        for (List<Object> dataRow : objects) {
            Row row = sheet.createRow(currentRowNum);
            for (int j = 0; j < dataRow.size(); j++) {
                Cell contentCell = row.createCell(j);
                Object dataObject = dataRow.get(j);
                if (dataObject != null) {
                    if (dataObject instanceof Integer) {
                        contentCell.setCellStyle(contentIntegerStyle);
                        contentCell.setCellValue(Integer.parseInt(dataObject.toString()));
                    } else if (dataObject instanceof Double) {
                        contentCell.setCellStyle(contentDoubleStyle);
                        contentCell.setCellValue(Double.parseDouble(dataObject.toString()));
                    } else if (dataObject instanceof Long && dataObject.toString().length() == 13) {
                        contentCell.setCellStyle(contentStyle);
                        contentCell.setCellValue(getCnDate(new Date(Long.parseLong(dataObject.toString()))));
                    } else if (dataObject instanceof Date) {
                        contentCell.setCellStyle(contentStyle);
                        contentCell.setCellValue(getCnDate((Date) dataObject));
                    } else {
                        contentCell.setCellStyle(contentStyle);
                        contentCell.setCellValue(dataObject.toString());
                    }
                } else {
                    contentCell.setCellStyle(contentStyle);
                    // 設(shè)置單元格內(nèi)容為字符型
                    contentCell.setCellValue("");
                }
            }
            //寫入成功一行數(shù)據(jù)遞增行數(shù)
            currentRowNum = currentRowNum + 1;
        }
        try {
            ((SXSSFSheet) sheet).flushRows(flushRows);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new ReportInternalException(e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 創(chuàng)建單元格表頭樣式
     *
     * @param workbook 工作薄
     */
    private CellStyle createCellHeadStyle(Workbook workbook) {
        CellStyle style = workbook.createCellStyle();
        // 設(shè)置邊框樣式
        style.setBorderBottom(XSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
        style.setBorderLeft(XSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
        style.setBorderRight(XSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
        style.setBorderTop(XSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
        //設(shè)置對(duì)齊樣式
        style.setAlignment(XSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
        // 生成字體
        Font font = workbook.createFont();
        // 表頭樣式
        style.setFillPattern(XSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
        style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.GREY_25_PERCENT.index);
        font.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 12);
        font.setBoldweight(XSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD);
        // 把字體應(yīng)用到當(dāng)前的樣式
        style.setFont(font);
        return style;
    }

    /**
     * 創(chuàng)建單元格正文樣式
     *
     * @param workbook 工作薄
     */
    private CellStyle createCellContentStyle(Workbook workbook) {
        CellStyle style = workbook.createCellStyle();
        // 設(shè)置邊框樣式
        style.setBorderBottom(XSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
        style.setBorderLeft(XSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
        style.setBorderRight(XSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
        style.setBorderTop(XSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
        //設(shè)置對(duì)齊樣式
        style.setAlignment(XSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
        // 生成字體
        Font font = workbook.createFont();
        // 正文樣式
        style.setFillPattern(XSSFCellStyle.NO_FILL);
        style.setVerticalAlignment(XSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);
        font.setBoldweight(XSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_NORMAL);
        // 把字體應(yīng)用到當(dāng)前的樣式
        style.setFont(font);
        return style;
    }

    /**
     * 單元格樣式(Integer)列表
     */
    private CellStyle createCellContent4IntegerStyle(Workbook workbook) {
        CellStyle style = workbook.createCellStyle();
        // 設(shè)置邊框樣式
        style.setBorderBottom(XSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
        style.setBorderLeft(XSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
        style.setBorderRight(XSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
        style.setBorderTop(XSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
        //設(shè)置對(duì)齊樣式
        style.setAlignment(XSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
        // 生成字體
        Font font = workbook.createFont();
        // 正文樣式
        style.setFillPattern(XSSFCellStyle.NO_FILL);
        style.setVerticalAlignment(XSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);
        font.setBoldweight(XSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_NORMAL);
        // 把字體應(yīng)用到當(dāng)前的樣式
        style.setFont(font);
        style.setDataFormat(HSSFDataFormat.getBuiltinFormat("#,##0"));//數(shù)據(jù)格式只顯示整數(shù)
        return style;
    }

    /**
     * 單元格樣式(Double)列表
     */
    private CellStyle createCellContent4DoubleStyle(Workbook workbook) {
        CellStyle style = workbook.createCellStyle();
        // 設(shè)置邊框樣式
        style.setBorderBottom(XSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
        style.setBorderLeft(XSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
        style.setBorderRight(XSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
        style.setBorderTop(XSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
        //設(shè)置對(duì)齊樣式
        style.setAlignment(XSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
        // 生成字體
        Font font = workbook.createFont();
        // 正文樣式
        style.setFillPattern(XSSFCellStyle.NO_FILL);
        style.setVerticalAlignment(XSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);
        font.setBoldweight(XSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_NORMAL);
        // 把字體應(yīng)用到當(dāng)前的樣式
        style.setFont(font);
        style.setDataFormat(HSSFDataFormat.getBuiltinFormat("#,##0.00"));//保留兩位小數(shù)點(diǎn)
        return style;
    }

    /**
     * 單元格樣式列表
     */
    private Map<String, CellStyle> styleMap(Workbook workbook) {
        Map<String, CellStyle> styleMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();
        styleMap.put("head", createCellHeadStyle(workbook));
        styleMap.put("content", createCellContentStyle(workbook));
        styleMap.put("integer", createCellContent4IntegerStyle(workbook));
        styleMap.put("double", createCellContent4DoubleStyle(workbook));
        return styleMap;
    }

}
使用例子
import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.Date;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;

public class ExcelExport {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        String sheetName = "測(cè)試Excel格式";
        String sheetTitle = "測(cè)試Excel格式";
        List<String> columnNames = new LinkedList<>();
        columnNames.add("日期-String");
        columnNames.add("日期-Date");
        columnNames.add("時(shí)間戳-Long");
        columnNames.add("客戶編碼");
        columnNames.add("整數(shù)");
        columnNames.add("帶小數(shù)的正數(shù)");

        ExportExcel2007 exportExcel2007 = new ExportExcel2007();

        exportExcel2007.writeExcelTitle("E:\\temp", "a", sheetName, columnNames, sheetTitle);

        for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) {
            List<List<Object>> objects = new LinkedList<>();
            for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
                List<Object> dataA = new LinkedList<>();
                dataA.add("2016-09-05 17:27:25");
                dataA.add(new Date(1451036631012L));
                dataA.add(1451036631012L);
                dataA.add("000628");
                dataA.add(i);
                dataA.add(1.323 + i);
                objects.add(dataA);
            }
            try {
                exportExcel2007.writeExcelData("E:\\temp", "a", sheetName, objects);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            objects.clear();
        }

        exportExcel2007.dispose();

    }

}
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