MySQL 分布式架構(gòu)
1. 結(jié)構(gòu)圖
略
2. MyCAT基礎(chǔ)架構(gòu)準(zhǔn)備
2.1 環(huán)境準(zhǔn)備：
兩臺虛擬機 db01 db02
每臺創(chuàng)建四個mysql實例：3307 3308 3309 3310
2.2 刪除歷史環(huán)境：
pkill mysqld
rm -rf /data/330*
mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak
2.3 創(chuàng)建相關(guān)目錄初始化數(shù)據(jù)
mkdir /data/33{07..10}/data -p
mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3307/data --basedir=/usr/local/mysql57
mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3308/data --basedir=/usr/local/mysql57
mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3309/data --basedir=/usr/local/mysql57
mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3310/data --basedir=/usr/local/mysql57
2.4 準(zhǔn)備配置文件和啟動腳本
========db01==============
cat >/data/3307/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql57
datadir=/data/3307/data
socket=/data/3307/mysql.sock
port=3307
log-error=/data/3307/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3307/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=7
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
cat >/data/3308/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql57
datadir=/data/3308/data
port=3308
socket=/data/3308/mysql.sock
log-error=/data/3308/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3308/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=8
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
cat >/data/3309/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql57
datadir=/data/3309/data
socket=/data/3309/mysql.sock
port=3309
log-error=/data/3309/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3309/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=9
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
cat >/data/3310/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql57
datadir=/data/3310/data
socket=/data/3310/mysql.sock
port=3310
log-error=/data/3310/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3310/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=10
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3307.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3307/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3308.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3308/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3309.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3309/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3310.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3310/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
========db02===============
cat >/data/3307/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql57
datadir=/data/3307/data
socket=/data/3307/mysql.sock
port=3307
log-error=/data/3307/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3307/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=17
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
cat >/data/3308/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql57
datadir=/data/3308/data
port=3308
socket=/data/3308/mysql.sock
log-error=/data/3308/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3308/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=18
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
cat >/data/3309/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql57
datadir=/data/3309/data
socket=/data/3309/mysql.sock
port=3309
log-error=/data/3309/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3309/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=19
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
cat >/data/3310/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql57
datadir=/data/3310/data
socket=/data/3310/mysql.sock
port=3310
log-error=/data/3310/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3310/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=20
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3307.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3307/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3308.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3308/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3309.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3309/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3310.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3310/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
2.5 修改權(quán)限，啟動多實例
chown -R mysql.mysql /data/*
systemctl start mysqld3307
systemctl start mysqld3308
systemctl start mysqld3309
systemctl start mysqld3310
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
2.6 節(jié)點主從規(guī)劃
箭頭指向誰是主庫
10.0.0.51:3307 <-----> 10.0.0.52:3307
10.0.0.51:3309 ------> 10.0.0.51:3307
10.0.0.52:3309 ------> 10.0.0.52:3307
10.0.0.52:3308 <-----> 10.0.0.51:3308
10.0.0.52:3310 -----> 10.0.0.52:3308
10.0.0.51:3310 -----> 10.0.0.51:3308
2.7 分片規(guī)劃
shard1：
Master：10.0.0.51:3307
slave1：10.0.0.51:3309
Standby Master：10.0.0.52:3307
slave2：10.0.0.52:3309
shard2：
Master：10.0.0.52:3308
slave1：10.0.0.52:3310
Standby Master：10.0.0.51:3308
slave2：10.0.0.51:3310
2.8 開始配置
shard1
10.0.0.51:3307 <-----> 10.0.0.52:3307
db02
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "grant replication slave on *.* to repl@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123';"
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "grant all on *.* to root@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123' with grant option;"
db01
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
db02
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
10.0.0.51:3309 ------> 10.0.0.51:3307
db01
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
10.0.0.52:3309 ------> 10.0.0.52:3307
db02
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
shard2
10.0.0.52:3308 <-----> 10.0.0.51:3308
db01
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "grant replication slave on *.* to repl@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123';"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "grant all on *.* to root@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123' with grant option;"
db02
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
db01
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
10.0.0.52:3310 -----> 10.0.0.52:3308
db02
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
10.0.0.51:3310 -----> 10.0.0.51:3308
db01
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
2.9 檢測主從狀態(tài)
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Yes
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Yes
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Yes
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Yes
注：如果中間出現(xiàn)錯誤，在每個節(jié)點進行執(zhí)行以下命令
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;"
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;"
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;"
3. MyCAT安裝
3.1 預(yù)先安裝Java運行環(huán)境
yum install -y java
3.2下載
Mycat-server-xxxxx.linux.tar.gz
http://dl.mycat.io/
3.3 解壓文件
tar xf Mycat-server-1.6.5-release-20180122220033-linux.tar.gz
3.4 軟件目錄結(jié)構(gòu)
ls
bin catlet conf lib logs version.txt
3.5 啟動和連接
配置環(huán)境變量
vim /etc/profile
export PATH=/usr/local/mycat/bin:$PATH
source /etc/profile
啟動
mycat start
連接mycat：
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 127.0.0.1 -P8066
4. 配置文件介紹
logs目錄:
wrapper.log ---->mycat啟動日志
mycat.log ---->mycat詳細工作日志
conf目錄:
schema.xml
主配置文件（讀寫分離、高可用、分布式策略定制、節(jié)點控制）
server.xml
mycat軟件本身相關(guān)的配置
rule.xml
分片規(guī)則配置文件,記錄分片規(guī)則列表、使用方法等
5.應(yīng)用前環(huán)境準(zhǔn)備
5.1 用戶創(chuàng)建及數(shù)據(jù)庫導(dǎo)入
db01:
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock
grant all on *.* to root@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123';
source /root/world.sql
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock
grant all on *.* to root@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123';
source /root/world.sql
5.2 配置文件處理
cd /usr/local/mycat/conf
mv schema.xml schema.xml.bak
vim schema.xml
<schema name="TESTDB" dataNode="sh1">
</schema>
<dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "world" />
<dataHost name="oldguo1"
<writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
6. 讀寫分離結(jié)構(gòu)配置
vim schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1">
</schema>
<dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "world" />
<dataHost name="oldguo1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
重啟mycat
mycat restart
讀寫分離測試
mysql -uroot -p -h 127.0.0.1 -P8066
select @@server_id;
begin;
select @@server_id;
commit;
總結(jié)：
以上案例實現(xiàn)了1主1從的讀寫分離功能，寫操作落到主庫，讀操作落到從庫.如果主庫宕機，從庫不能在繼續(xù)提供服務(wù)了。
8. 配置讀寫分離及高可用
[root@db01 conf]# mv schema.xml schema.xml.rw
[root@db01 conf]# vim schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1">
</schema>
<dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "world" />
<dataHost name="oldguo1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
<writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.0.52:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db4" url="10.0.0.52:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
真正的 writehost：負責(zé)寫操作的writehost
standby writeHost ：和readhost一樣，只提供讀服務(wù)
當(dāng)寫節(jié)點宕機后，后面跟的readhost也不提供服務(wù)，這時候standby的writehost就提供寫服務(wù)，
后面跟的readhost提供讀服
測試：
mycat restart
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 127.0.0.1 -P 8066
讀寫分離測試
mysql -uroot -p -h 127.0.0.1 -P8066
select @@server_id;
begin;
select @@server_id;
commit;
對db01 3307節(jié)點進行關(guān)閉和啟動,測試讀寫操作
9. 配置中的屬性介紹:
balance屬性
負載均衡類型，目前的取值有3種：
1. balance="0", 不開啟讀寫分離機制，所有讀操作都發(fā)送到當(dāng)前可用的writeHost上。
2. balance="1"，全部的readHost與standby writeHost參與select語句的負載均衡，簡單的說，
當(dāng)雙主雙從模式(M1->S1，M2->S2，并且M1與 M2互為主備)，正常情況下，M2,S1,S2都參與select語句的負載均衡。
3. balance="2"，所有讀操作都隨機的在writeHost、readhost上分發(fā)。
writeType屬性
負載均衡類型，目前的取值有2種：
1. writeType="0", 所有寫操作發(fā)送到配置的第一個writeHost，
第一個掛了切到還生存的第二個writeHost，重新啟動后已切換后的為主，切換記錄在配置文件中:dnindex.properties .
2. writeType=“1”，所有寫操作都隨機的發(fā)送到配置的writeHost，但不推薦使用
switchType屬性
-1 表示不自動切換
1 默認(rèn)值，自動切換
2 基于MySQL主從同步的狀態(tài)決定是否切換 ，心跳語句為 show slave status
datahost其他配置
<dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
maxCon="1000"：最大的并發(fā)連接數(shù)
minCon="10" ：mycat在啟動之后，會在后端節(jié)點上自動開啟的連接線程
tempReadHostAvailable="1"
這個一主一從時（1個writehost，1個readhost時），可以開啟這個參數(shù)，如果2個writehost，2個readhost時
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat> 監(jiān)測心跳
10. 垂直分表
mv schema.xml schema.xml.ha
vim schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1">
<table name="user" dataNode="sh1"/>
<table name="order_t" dataNode="sh2"/>
</schema>
<dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "taobao" />
<dataNode name="sh2" dataHost="oldguo2" database= "taobao" />
<dataHost name="oldguo1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
<writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.0.52:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db4" url="10.0.0.52:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
<dataHost name="oldguo2" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3308" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3310" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
<writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.0.52:3308" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db4" url="10.0.0.52:3310" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
創(chuàng)建測試庫和表:
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "create database taobao charset utf8;"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "create database taobao charset utf8;"
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table user(id int,name varchar(20))";
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table order_t(id int,name varchar(20))"
重啟測試 :
mycat restart
mysql -uroot -p -h 127.0.0.1 -P8066
use TESTDB ;
mysql> insert into order_t(id,name) values(1,'c');
mysql> insert into order_t(id,name) values(2,'d');
mysql> insert into user(id,name) values(1,'a');
mysql> insert into user(id,name) values(2,'b');
分別登陸后端主節(jié)點查看數(shù)據(jù)
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.user"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.order_t"
11. MyCAT核心特性——分片（水平拆分）
分片：對一個"bigtable"，比如說t3表
(1)行數(shù)非常多，800w
(2)訪問非常頻繁
分片的目的：
（1）將大數(shù)據(jù)量進行分布存儲
（2）提供均衡的訪問路由
分片策略：
范圍 range
取模 mod
枚舉
哈希 hash
時間 流水
優(yōu)化關(guān)聯(lián)查詢
全局表
ER分片
12 .范圍分片
比如說t3表
(1)行數(shù)非常多，2000w（1-1000w:sh1 1000w-2000w:sh2）
(2)訪問非常頻繁，用戶訪問較離散
mv schema.xml schema.xml.1
vim schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1">
<table name="t3" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="auto-sharding-long" />
</schema>
<dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "taobao" />
<dataNode name="sh2" dataHost="oldguo2" database= "taobao" />
<dataHost name="oldguo1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
<writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.0.52:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db4" url="10.0.0.52:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
<dataHost name="oldguo2" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3308" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3310" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
<writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.0.52:3308" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db4" url="10.0.0.52:3310" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
vim rule.xml
<tableRule name="auto-sharding-long">
<rule>
<columns>id</columns>
<algorithm>rang-long</algorithm>
</rule>
<function name="rang-long"
class="io.mycat.route.function.AutoPartitionByLong">
<property name="mapFile">autopartition-long.txt</property>
</function>
===================================
vim autopartition-long.txt
0-10=0
10-20=1
創(chuàng)建測試表：
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t3 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t3 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
測試：
重啟mycat
mycat restart
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 127.0.0.1 -P 8066
insert into t3(id,name) values(1,'a');
insert into t3(id,name) values(2,'b');
insert into t3(id,name) values(3,'c');
insert into t3(id,name) values(4,'d');
insert into t3(id,name) values(11,'aa');
insert into t3(id,name) values(12,'bb');
insert into t3(id,name) values(13,'cc');
insert into t3(id,name) values(14,'dd');
insert into t3(id,name) values(10,'ddd');
分別登陸后端主節(jié)點查看數(shù)據(jù)
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t3"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t3"
分片策略應(yīng)用:
13. 取模分片（mod-long）：
1%3 =1
2%3 =2
3%3 =0
0~N-1
10 % 2 =0 -------> 0號分片
11 % 2 =1 -------> 1號分片
業(yè)務(wù)場景 :
1-1000w
1000-2000w
取余分片方式：分片鍵（一個列）與節(jié)點數(shù)量進行取余，得到余數(shù)，將數(shù)據(jù)寫入對應(yīng)節(jié)點
vim schema.xml
<table name="t4" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="mod-long" />
vim rule.xml
<property name="count">2</property>
準(zhǔn)備測試環(huán)境
創(chuàng)建測試表：
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t4 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t4 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
重啟mycat
mycat restart
測試：
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.51 -P8066
use TESTDB
insert into t4(id,name) values(1,'a');
insert into t4(id,name) values(2,'b');
insert into t4(id,name) values(3,'c');
insert into t4(id,name) values(4,'d');
分別登錄后端節(jié)點查詢數(shù)據(jù)
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t4;"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t4;"
14. 枚舉分片
t5 表
id name telnum
1 bj 1212
2 sh 22222
3 bj 3333
4 sh 44444
5 bj 5555
sharding-by-intfile
vim schema.xml
<table name="t5" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="sharding-by-intfile" />
vim rule.xml
<tableRule name="sharding-by-intfile">
<rule> <columns>name</columns>
<algorithm>hash-int</algorithm>
</rule>
</tableRule>
<function name="hash-int" class="org.opencloudb.route.function.PartitionByFileMap">
<property name="mapFile">partition-hash-int.txt</property>
<property name="type">1</property>
<property name="defaultNode">0</property>
</function>
vim partition-hash-int.txt
配置：
bj=0
sh=1
DEFAULT_NODE=1
columns 標(biāo)識將要分片的表字段，algorithm 分片函數(shù)， 其中分片函數(shù)配置中，mapFile標(biāo)識配置文件名稱
準(zhǔn)備測試環(huán)境
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t5 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t5 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
重啟mycat
mycat restart
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.51 -P8066
use TESTDB
insert into t5(id,name) values(1,'bj');
insert into t5(id,name) values(2,'sh');
insert into t5(id,name) values(3,'bj');
insert into t5(id,name) values(4,'sh');
insert into t5(id,name) values(5,'tj');
分別登錄后端節(jié)點查詢數(shù)據(jù)
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t5;"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t5;"
15. Mycat全局表
a b c d
join
t
select t1.name ,t.x from t1
join t
select t2.name ,t.x from t2
join t
select t3.name ,t.x from t3
join t
使用場景：
如果你的業(yè)務(wù)中有些數(shù)據(jù)類似于數(shù)據(jù)字典，比如配置文件的配置，
常用業(yè)務(wù)的配置或者數(shù)據(jù)量不大很少變動的表，這些表往往不是特別大，
而且大部分的業(yè)務(wù)場景都會用到，那么這種表適合于Mycat全局表，無須對數(shù)據(jù)進行切分，
要在所有的分片上保存一份數(shù)據(jù)即可，Mycat 在Join操作中，業(yè)務(wù)表與全局表進行Join聚合會優(yōu)先選擇相同分片內(nèi)的全局表join，
避免跨庫Join，在進行數(shù)據(jù)插入操作時，mycat將把數(shù)據(jù)分發(fā)到全局表對應(yīng)的所有分片執(zhí)行，在進行數(shù)據(jù)讀取時候?qū)S機獲取一個節(jié)點讀取數(shù)據(jù)。
vim schema.xml
<table name="t_area" primaryKey="id" type="global" dataNode="sh1,sh2" />
后端數(shù)據(jù)準(zhǔn)備
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t_area (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t_area (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
重啟mycat
mycat restart
測試：
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.51 -P8066
use TESTDB
insert into t_area(id,name) values(1,'a');
insert into t_area(id,name) values(2,'b');
insert into t_area(id,name) values(3,'c');
insert into t_area(id,name) values(4,'d');
分別登錄后端節(jié)點查詢數(shù)據(jù)
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t_area;"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t_area;"
16. E-R分片
A
join
B
為了防止跨分片join，可以使用E-R模式
A join B
on a.xx=b.yy
join C
on A.id=C.id
a
id name aid
1 a 11
2 b 22
3 c 33
4 d 44
5 e 55
b
id addr tel
11 bj 110
22 sh 120
33 tj 119
44 cq 112
55 sz 114
a
2 b 22
4 d 44
b
22 sh 120
44 cq 112
a
1 a 11
3 c 33
5 e 55
b
11 bj 110
33 tj 119
55 sz 114
配置:
1. schema.xml
<table name="a" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="mod-long1">
<childTable name="b" joinKey="id" parentKey="aid" />
</table>
2. rule.xml
<tableRule name="mod-long1">
<rule>
<columns>id</columns>
<algorithm>mod-long1</algorithm>
</rule>
</tableRule>
<function name="mod-long1" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByMod">
<!-- how many data nodes -->
<property name="count">2</property>
</function>
3. 準(zhǔn)備數(shù)據(jù)
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table a (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null,aid int not null);"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table a (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null,aid int not null);"
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table b (id int not null ,addr varchar(20) not null,tel int not null);"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table b (id int not null ,addr varchar(20) not null,tel int not null);"
4. 重啟mycat 測試：
mycat restart
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.51 -P8066
use TESTDB
insert into a(id,name,aid) values(1,'a',11);
insert into a(id,name,aid) values(2,'b',22);
insert into a(id,name,aid) values(3,'c',33);
insert into a(id,name,aid) values(4,'d',44);
insert into a(id,name,aid) values(5,'e',55);
insert into b(id,addr,tel) values(11,'bj',110);
insert into b(id,addr,tel) values(22,'sh',220);
insert into b(id,addr,tel) values(33,'tj',330);
insert into b(id,addr,tel) values(44,'cq',440);
insert into b(id,addr,tel) values(55,'sz',550);
5. 分別登錄后端節(jié)點查詢數(shù)據(jù)
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.a;"
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.b;"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.a;"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.b;"
課后擴展練習(xí):
月份分片 (9T)
HASH分片(CRC32)
架構(gòu)(選做)
