@TOC

一、滿分句型

1. 簡單句

1.1 被動句

用于概述圖表的中心思想，可用在第一段的最后一句話?；蛘叩谌蔚牡谝痪湓挘恼驴偨Y(jié)時使用.
例句：信心被認為很重要、父母應(yīng)該被孩子孝敬、污染應(yīng)該被人們重視

1.1.1 什么時候用被動

當漢語中出現(xiàn)我們?nèi)藗?、大家、有人等人稱代詞作為主語時都可以考慮被動
例句: parents should be respected by us。

作文必備詞匯替換

• parents：

  • superiors 上級和長輩
  • the elderly 老人
  • senior citizens 父母長輩

• should

  • ought to
  • be supposed to 應(yīng)該
  • be obliged to 有責任有義務(wù)

• we us people (泛指的人)

  • human beings
  • the public 公眾
  • private individuals

• you people
  沒有特指的人
  單數(shù)one 復試those

• 具體的人

  • teenagers and youngsters 年輕人
  • undergraduates 大學生
  • youngsters on campus 大學生
  • children kids offspring descendants 孩子
  • businessmen 商人
  • experts and professors 專家和教授
  • All children and adults 所有人 孩子和成年人
  • men and women in all walks 各行各業(yè)的人
  • customs 消費者

例句：○ Celebrities（名人） should not be pursued（追求） by teengers and youngsters. 年輕人不應(yīng)該盲目追星
關(guān)鍵詞替換：

• not
  • never
  • by no means
  • under no circumstances（環(huán)境）
    上面三個單詞直接替換not
  • fail to 失敗，表示否定； I fail to be a teacher 我不是一個老師

例句：Environmental contamination is thought very serious by an increasing amount of experts and professors.
環(huán)境污染越來越被人們重視
關(guān)鍵詞替換：

• think: 認為

  • argue insist presume

  • assume hold contend maintain assert claim

  • be of the opinion that

  • have been convinced that

  • cling to the perspective that

• very ：非常

  • pretty quite rather 一般詞
  • strikingly distinctly outstandingly exceedingly especially extraordinarily enormously

• serious ：嚴重的

  • be of great severity be of+抽象名詞
  • grave severe fearful fatal

1.2 there be句型的變形(exist seem remain) 單復數(shù)取決于there be后面的詞

(可用于第二段的第一句話，引出原因的句子,或第三段的最后一句話喊口號)

• there exist many reasons to explain my idea.

• many

  • a sea of、a host of、 a multitude of、 a train of(一車皮)、 an army of(一排，一軍隊)
  • immense amounts of
  • numerous
  • abundant
  • plentiful
  • innumerable

• reason

  • causes
  • factors
  • elements

• explain 解釋,產(chǎn)生導致致使

  • give rise to
  • be responsible for
  • contribute to
  • lead to

• idea 觀點

  • point
  • viewpoint
  • perspective
  • outlook

eg: more and more people think that… = there is(remains) a growing worldwide awareness around the world that…

• there is strong evidence to show that
• there is absolutely no reason for us to believe that a brighter future for the world is an impossibility
  雙重否定表肯定
• there is little doubt that
• there are those who claim that

1.3 比較結(jié)構(gòu)（必要有形容詞副詞就可以用比喻）

推薦第一段的第一句話，引出文章中心或第三段的第一句話，文章總結(jié)
某某很重要，某某很嚴重
as……as……

• she is as beautiful（ugly） as a red rose, which manages to(能夠) take away the breath of sea of children and adults.
  這么長一句話就表達一個簡單的意思：她很漂亮

• be （用助動詞時不能替換：比如被動和現(xiàn)在進行時）

  • look
  • feel
  • 各種感官動詞
  • seem 似乎
  • appear 出現(xiàn)，顯得
  • keep remain 保持
  • become get 變得
  • prove 證明 保持

• beautiful

• graceful

• elegant 優(yōu)雅的

• attractive 誘人的

• charming 吸引人的

• gorgeous 美麗動人，最高境界的美

eg: confidence proves as important as sunshine，which plays an essential role in the normal growth of all creatures.
自信很重要（像陽光對生物一樣）

• important 重要的（文章主題，某某很重要）
  • fundamental
  • significant
  • essential
  • indispensable
  • play a key role in sth
  • be of great importance

○ Sth becomes as grave as AIDS(cancer typhoon), while has threatened the health of patients or taken away their lives.

1.4 the +形容詞/副詞 比較級+句子，the+the 形容詞/副詞 比較級+句子。

（主將從現(xiàn)）the more …… the more …… 越 越
用于第二段，分析原因使用

• 沒有特指的人，單數(shù)one those
• The higher one ascends(上升) the farther he will overlook.
  站得高，看的遠
  farther 真實距離遠 further 抽象的遠
• The more diligent(勤奮的，努力的) one keeps（只要句子意思完整但缺謂語就用be動詞，之后be替換高級詞），the more easily（副詞） he will achieve gloriers。
  越努力越容易取得成功。
  glory榮耀
  （多音節(jié)加more most單音節(jié)加er，est，雙音節(jié)部分加er）
• The harder all children and adults remain, the more fortunate（句子中是系動詞，此處用形容詞，如果句子中，此處用副詞） they will become. 越努力越幸運
• The more frequently culture exchange，the more rapidly Chinese economy will develop。
• The more frequently cultures are exchanged，the more rapidly Chinese economy will develop.
  被動且名詞不可單獨使用要么加冠詞要么加復數(shù)

2 復合句

• 并列句
• 名詞性從句
• 定語從句
• 狀語從句

2.1 并列句

一幅圖/一個主體（群體），兩個動作。一幅圖兩個主體，兩個動作。兩幅圖，不區(qū)分主體和動作。
圖畫：現(xiàn)在進行時。圖表：一般過去時。
并列句用于描述一個圖，兩個主體兩個動作使用。或者兩幅圖使用。

• and

  • likewise
  • similarly
  • equally
  • at the same time
  • in the meanwhile
  • as well as 不能連接句子，連接兩個同性詞

• but

  • conversely
  • by contrast
  • on the contrary
  • contrarily
  • unexpectedly
  • unfortunately
  • nevertheless

• In the picture，the goal-keeper is imagining himself exceedingly small. on the contrary, the player is assuming his rival as big as a hill. 沒定語狀語，不夠優(yōu)秀
  圖中，守門員想象他特別小，相反，運動員認為（假定）他像山一樣大

• In the former picture, the flower in the greenhouse is growing healthily. Conversely, in the latter one, it is dying.
  前面的圖，在溫室中的花健康，相反，后面的奄奄一息。

• picture

  • cartoon
  • drawing
  • painting
  • caricature 夸張漫畫
  • photograph 照片

not only……but also 位置和漢語一樣, 但倒轉(zhuǎn)更優(yōu)雅。
本句型寫作第二段分析原因的位置。

• Raising pets can reduce the lonliness of senior citizens.
  養(yǎng)寵物減少老人孤單

• raising pets can cultivate the kindness of kids.
  養(yǎng)寵物培養(yǎng)孩子愛心

• Raising pets not only can reduce the lonliness of senior citizens, but also can cultivate the kindness of kids.

• Supporting the elderly(孝敬父母) keeps (is) a chinese conventional virtue but also proves (is) the legal responsibility of their offspring.

• Cooperation not only enables(使) all children and adults to make more intimate（親密的）friends but also has（使）them achieve greater credits(表揚，榮譽榮耀成就).
  xxx不但能使我們交到更多朋友，而且還能幫我們?nèi)〉酶蟮某晒?

2.2名詞性從句

• 主語從句 Is …… that …… 第一段描述圖表，第二段表觀點，第三段喊口號。
  可用于任何一句話前拉長句子，推薦寫在第一段第一句話引出圖畫圖表。

• (that you never fail to fascinate me) is obvious. 我愛你（你從來沒有失敗(總是能)吸引（迷?。┪遥┦秋@而易見的

• It is obvious that you never fail to fascinate me. 我愛你是顯而易見的

• 下面記兩句即可

  • It proves common knowledge(常識) that …… 顯然
  • It keeps my perspective that …… 我的觀點是，我認為
  • It has been found that …… 被發(fā)現(xiàn)，顯而易見
  • It seems beyond dispute（爭論辯論） that …… 無可爭論
  • It is universally acknowledged(承認) that ……
  • It has been widely accepted that ……

• 更好的主語從句變體是是把It變成What 在that前加is，主語從句+that表示的表語從句

  • What proves common knowledge(常識) is that …… 顯然
  • What keeps my perspective is that …… 我的觀點是，我認為
  • What has been found is that …… 被發(fā)現(xiàn)，顯而易見
  • What seems beyond dispute（爭論辯論）is that …… 無可爭論
  • What is universally acknowledged(承認) is that ……
  • What has been widely accepted is that ……

• 同位語和同位語從句

  • 只要在作文中見到名詞，都可以再加一個名詞做一個同位語. 寫作時名詞做同位語一個句子最多加一個，整篇文章最多出現(xiàn)兩次。

• 名詞做同位語

  • My boyfriend _ really has no much time to accompany me _ .
    a rich businessman
    an attractive girl
  • A man, a soccer(足球) fan, is writing the name , a symbol ,of Beckham , an esteemed sportsman, on his face , some part of the body.
    上句是反例也是例句，例句表明任何名詞都很容易加同位語。但不可加太多。

• 同位語從句 本句型推薦寫作作文的第二段分析原因時使用

  • The evidence that + 原因+ manifests that + 文章中心句

  • The evidence (fact) [that she has a pair of big eyes] manifests [that she keeps a beauty].
    她長著一副大眼睛表明她是一個美女。 同位語+賓語從句

  • The evidence that a host of girls have worn beautiful colorful skirts manifestis that summer is around the corner.
    許多女生穿著裙子表明夏天已經(jīng)來了。
    女人 girl或lady 不要用woman

  • The evidence that bright stars and pure moonlights fail to be detected manifests that environmental contamination(污染) is becoming increasingly fatal.
    我們再也看不到星星和月光表明環(huán)境正在惡化

  • The evidence that farmers can enjoy high-quality life that manifests that most them would like to swarm into(涌入) big cities.
    農(nóng)民可以享受高質(zhì)量生活表明，大多數(shù)農(nóng)民都愿意涌入大城市。

2.3 定語和定語從句

1、形容詞做定語 2、名詞修飾名詞 3、介詞短語作定語 4、非謂語動詞作定語 5、從句作定語

I love you
beautiful 定語如果只有一個單詞放在名詞前，多個單詞放在名詞后
on the platform(講臺)
the daughter of you.
enjoying singing songs.
who keeps a teacher for years.

• 只要在作文中見到名詞，都可以加定語從句。但是在第一段描述圖畫時只要見到名詞就要加定語，使圖畫更生動，圖表不加定義

• An American girl young as well as graceful is wearing Chinese conventional costume(傳統(tǒng)服裝) which keeps pervasive(普遍的流行的) in the south of china.
  一個年輕漂亮的美國小女孩穿著中國服飾

• immense amounts of children and adults sitting in seperate rooms are surfing on the internet.

萬能定語

• as well as連接以下任意兩個單詞

• 萬能的好

  • cute ; lovely
  • little
  • graceful ; elegant ; young
  • confident ； energetic(精力充沛)
  • enthusiasm ； passionate 積極的
  • optimistic ； active 樂觀的
  • aggressive ； ambitious 有追求的
  • who looks distinctly impressive to reader 給人留下深刻印象

• 萬能的壞

  • fat（罵人的胖） cruel（殘忍的） ugly（丑陋的）
  • negative(消極，否定) dispassioned（不積極消極）
  • terrible disgusting
  • disgraceful
  • who looks rather less impressive to reader 不能給人留下深刻印象的

定義滿分表達:which引導修飾整個句子的從句，用于任何陳述句的后面

• He looks like a lady-killer(色狼), which has been widely accepted.

• 推薦寫在某個短的原因，拉長句子

  • Which leaves us adeep impression
  • Which provokes the public’s widespread concerns
  • Which brings us the unnecessary/unexpected trouble
  • which gives rise to dreadful consequences.

2.4 狀語和狀語從句

狀語更容易加，比定語方便，任何一句話皆可加狀語,狀語可以加在狀語的任何位置。第一段圖畫或圖表必須加狀語，使完整

• we are having class,
  描述原因的萬能狀語
• in the center the vivid picture, 在這個生動的圖片的中央
  表示原因的萬能狀語，寫在原因的主謂之間,做插入語使用
  • as every one can see it
  • with the rapid advance of science and technology ，隨著科學技術(shù)的進步
  • in our contemporary society 在當今社會
  • in the general routine of everyday living 在我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪?/li>

狀從的滿分表達：

1. 讓步狀語從句，用于轉(zhuǎn)折，可以用于任何位置，矛盾的普遍性，但是推薦寫在原因分析時使用

• although

• pursuing celebrities blindly might exert great influence on physical and mental health of youngsters on campus althought their singing sounds touching
  盲目追星 帶來嚴重影響 給大學生的身心健康，盡管他們的歌聲動人

• private individuals from developing nations are becoming increasingly wealthy although ?
  來自發(fā)達國家的 人們 越來越富有 盡管

• although引導的萬能狀語

• although many people fail to pay attention to the issue.
  雖然很多人沒有注意到這個問題

• pay attention to 關(guān)注、重視的替換

  • pour attention to
  • place great emphasis on
  • attach great importance to
  • shed light on
  • focus on

• issue的替換

  • problem問題
  • phenomenon 現(xiàn)象
  • subject 話題 主題
  • the current situation 現(xiàn)狀

2. so …… that …… 只要出現(xiàn) 形容詞, 副詞皆可用so that，推薦用在第一段最后一句話引出文章中心使用，或第三段的第一句話文章總結(jié)

• life proves so short that it is a waste how to spend it.
  生命是如此短暫 以至于如何度過都是浪費

• Sth. keeps（becomes） so vital that the problem should have been brought into the limelight. 萬能that，表達重要
  它是如此的重要，以至于它早就放在聚光燈下

3. 分詞做狀語，插入主謂之間作為插入語【本句型推薦寫在第一段，一幅圖一個主體兩個動作時使用】

• Sb. , doing 次要動作 +（定/狀），is doing 主要動作+（定/狀）

• I hate you, I will kill you. 錯誤表達，一句話不能用兩句

• I hating you, I will kill you. 非謂語動詞的主語和謂語的主語相同，應(yīng)省略主語

• Hating you, I will kill you. 我，討厭你，所以我將殺掉你

• I, hating you, will kill you.

• 終點又是新起點 一幅圖一個主體，必須兩個動作，先寫次要動作

  • A boy is smiling, a boy is rushing to the destination.
  • smiling, a boy is rushing to the destination.
  • A boy confident as well as vigorous(自信和充滿活力), smiling in the center of the vivid cartoon（狀語）, is rushing to the destination which becomes a new start.
    一個自信而且充滿活力的小男孩，微笑的站在卡通的中央，沖向終點，這個終點又是起點

• 文化火鍋

  • The hotpot delicious as well as healthy , smoking in the center of the vivid cartoon, is full of cultures from different nation in the world.
    營養(yǎng)美味的火鍋，在圖畫的中央冒煙，充滿了給自各國的文化

• 狀語滿分表達總結(jié)although，so……that……，分詞做狀語
  • 簡單句
  • 并列句
  • 復合句滿分表達
    • 主語
    • 同位語和同位語從句
    • 定語和定語從句
    • 狀語和狀語從句

3. 特殊結(jié)構(gòu)

插入語 （本句型推薦寫在第一段的最后一句話，第二段的第一句話，第三段的第一句話中某一處，必須要讓閱卷人看到）

• 萬能插入語，可以插入任何一句話的主謂之間

• 雙重否定
  ○ never fail to 表示就是，沒有實際意義，強調(diào)謂語，可以寫在任何一個肯定句中間。推薦使用位置同插入語

• 強調(diào)句型 作文中所有句子都能用強調(diào)句型，推薦位置同上

  • It is …… that ……
  • I love the girl in the restaurant. 我在飯店愛上了這個女孩
    強調(diào)誰就把誰放在It is后面，除了謂語
  • It is in the restaurant that I love the girl.
  • There exist numerous facts here to account for the phenomenon.
    有很多原因可以解釋這種現(xiàn)象
  • Tt is to account for the phenomenon that there exist numerous facts here.
  • It is numerous facts that there exist here to account for the phenomenon.

修辭

• 比喻 本句型推薦寫在第一段的最后一句話用于引出文章中心 或者第三段第一句話文章總結(jié)

• 重要

  • Sth proves to 人 as solid foudation is on high skyscrapers.
    某某很重要，像地基對于高樓
  • as the infinite blue sky is to flying eagles 無限藍天對于雄鷹

• 嚴重

  • as intensive pain is to incurably ill patients.
    就像劇烈的疼痛對于不可治愈的病人
  • as horrible nightmares are to innocent kids.
    就像可怕的噩夢對于無辜的孩子

• 排比

  • 兩個詞即可排比
  • Action is supposed to be adopted(措施應(yīng)該被采取了) quickly, effectively and actively.

• 改強調(diào)

  • It is Action that is supposed to be adopted quickly, effectively and actively.

• 本句型寫在最后一段最后一句喊口號

• We were in the midst of shock—but we acted. We acted quickly, boldly, decisively.
  我們中處在問題（危機）中，但是我們行動了，我們必須大膽行動

4 虛擬語氣

• 寫原因：1.為什么重要 2.為什么重要 3.如果不這么做
  推薦寫在作文最后一句話，反面論證。或第三段的第一句話文章總結(jié)
  if虛擬語氣，主將從現(xiàn)，改成過去式

• If every one of teenager and youngster abandon themselves himself to surfing on the internet, [they he will pay a heavy price(cost) in the near future. ]
  如果年輕人沉溺于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，他不就將付出代價

• If every one of teenager and youngster abandoned himself to surfing on the internet, [he would pay a heavy price(huge cost) in the near future. ]

• If every university student were indulged in surfing on the internet, it would be hard for them to graduate smoothly.
  如果大學生沉溺于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，他將不能順利畢業(yè)

• 沉溺于

  • be addicted to
  • abandon oneself to
  • be indulged in

• It is imperative(緊急)/essential/urgent that 本句型推薦寫在第三段具體措施

  • 那很重要
  • It is urgent that kids should be educated/inspired to 主題
    孩子應(yīng)該教育做……是很緊急的。

5 倒裝

一般疑問句就是倒裝

• 否定詞放在句首，是倒裝

  • I am never a woman tough and outgoing.
  • never am I a woman tough and outgoing.

• not only ……but also 倒裝,not only +助動詞提前

  • He not only looks poor but also in fact is poor in her mind.
    他不但看起來貧窮而且思想?yún)T乏。

• Respecting parents keeps not only Chinese conventional virtue but also proves the duty of their offspring.
  孝敬父母不僅是中華民族傳統(tǒng)美德，還是子女的義務(wù)

  • not only does Respecting parents keep Chinese conventional virtue but also proves the duty of their offspring.

• Confidence not only can make you find more happiness in you life but also can have you make more friends.
  自信不僅讓人快樂還能讓人交更多朋友。
  *Not only can confidence make you find more happiness in you life but also can have you make more friends.

• so ……that……倒裝,形容詞副詞皆可so that，so that皆可倒裝

  • my ma is so kind that she will never kill an ant.

  • so kind is my ma that she will never kill an ant.
    so提前變一般疑問句。

  • 我母親如此善良以至于從沒殺過螞蟻。
    I am so delighted that I cannot help laughing at midnight.

  • 我是如此的高興，我情不自禁的笑了
    so delighted am I that I cannot help laughing at midnight.

• Sth. keeps so significant/fearful that the issue should have been brought into the limelight.

• so significant does Sth. keep that the issue should have been brought into the limelight.
  某事如此重要，以至于這個問題應(yīng)該被關(guān)注(帶到聚光燈下)。

• only+狀語放在句首倒裝

  • the common can the common lead a happy and comfortable life only when the issue can be improved a lot.

  • only when the issue can be improved a lot can the common lead a happy and comfortable life.
    只有這個問題改善，人們才能安居樂業(yè)

  • only by taking those action can the issue be improved a lot.
    只有采取這個措施，這個問題才能改善

二、行文思路

寫作不需要構(gòu)思

段落

1. 定義和解釋
   好事中國傳統(tǒng)美德，壞的世界普遍問題
   Supporting the elderly is a Chinese conventional virtue which means that
   we cook for them, we buy gifts for them and we wash feet for them
   when they become gradually (increasingly) old.
   模板：A is B which means that +三個并列的簡單句排比，when+時間狀語從句
   B:可以用
   a Chinese traditional virtue
   a social pervasive trend 社會普遍趨勢
   an active /negative mentality 一個積極/消極的心態(tài)
   a hot social topic
   污染是一個全球話題，呼吸不到干凈的空氣，看步到藍天，喝不到健康的水

2.統(tǒng)計和事實 p11
In
3.引用名人名言 p12

4、舉例
小例子：such as
大例子：for example 替換

舉例時注意事項
1、時態(tài)一般過去式
2、注意邏輯關(guān)系詞的使用
3、一定要單詞正確

5、反面論證
就是前面的if虛擬語氣

原因分析9選3，四種論證方式，五個句型

文章寫法
圖畫作文

大作文

What may account for this phenomenon are distinctly likely to be asked.

萬能理由：思想觀念
萬能理由：經(jīng)濟發(fā)展