1. 檢查、準(zhǔn)備必要的環(huán)境變量

# su - oracle
$ cat .bash_profile
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin

如果沒有以上環(huán)境變量需要加入。在命令行定義要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建的CDB數(shù)據(jù)庫的SID。

$ export ORACLE_SID=cdb1

2. 編輯pfile文件

必須增加的參數(shù)：

• db_name
• enable_pluggable_database

建議增加的參數(shù)：

• db_block_size
• control_files

可選的參數(shù)：

• db_create_file_dest 此參數(shù)的值是指定在創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫時(shí)，控制文件、redolog文件、數(shù)據(jù)文件存儲(chǔ)路徑。如果使用ASM時(shí)，該值形如“+DATA”即可。

$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
$ cp init.ora initcdb1.ora
$ vim initcdb1.ora 
$ cat initcdb1.ora 
db_name='cdb1'
db_block_size=8192
control_files=(cdb1_control1, cdb1_control2, cdb1_control3)
enable_pluggable_database=TRUE

3. 編輯“創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫”腳本

從Oracle官網(wǎng)，復(fù)制創(chuàng)建腳本，并根據(jù)自己的定義進(jìn)行修改。

$ vim createcdb.sql
$ cat createcdb.sql 
CREATE DATABASE cdb1
  USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY Oracle123
  USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY Oracle123
  LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/oradata/cdb1/logdisk1/redo01a.log','/oradata/cdb1/logdisk2/redo01b.log') 
             SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
          GROUP 2 ('/oradata/cdb1/logdisk1/redo02a.log','/oradata/cdb1/logdisk2/redo02b.log') 
             SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
          GROUP 3 ('/oradata/cdb1/logdisk1/redo03a.log','/oradata/cdb1/logdisk2/redo03b.log') 
             SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512
  MAXLOGHISTORY 1
  MAXLOGFILES 16
  MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
  MAXDATAFILES 1024
  CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
  NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
  EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
  DATAFILE '/oradata/cdb1/system01.dbf'
    SIZE 700M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10240K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
  SYSAUX DATAFILE '/oradata/cdb1/sysaux01.dbf'
    SIZE 550M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10240K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
  DEFAULT TABLESPACE deftbs
     DATAFILE '/oradata/cdb1/deftbs01.dbf'
     SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
  DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1
     TEMPFILE '/oradata/cdb1/temp01.dbf'
     SIZE 20M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 640K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
  UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs1
     DATAFILE '/oradata/cdb1/undotbs01.dbf'
     SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 5120K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
  ENABLE PLUGGABLE DATABASE
    SEED
    FILE_NAME_CONVERT = ('/oradata/cdb1/', 
                         '/oradata/cdb1/pdbseed/')
    SYSTEM DATAFILES SIZE 125M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10M MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
    SYSAUX DATAFILES SIZE 100M
  USER_DATA TABLESPACE usertbs
    DATAFILE '/oradata/cdb1/pdbseed/usertbs01.dbf'
    SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;

注意：路徑的創(chuàng)建。

$ mkdir -p /oradata/cdb1/{logdisk1,logdisk2,pdbseed}

如果參數(shù)文件中配置了DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST 參數(shù)，可以使用下面的創(chuàng)建語句。

CREATE DATABASE cdb2
USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY Oracle123
USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY Oracle123
CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
DEFAULT TABLESPACE users
DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp
UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs1
ENABLE PLUGGABLE DATABASE
   SEED
   SYSTEM DATAFILES SIZE 125M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10M MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
   SYSAUX DATAFILES SIZE 100M;

4. 執(zhí)行腳本創(chuàng)建CDB

$ export ORACLE_SID=cdb1

$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri May 5 11:54:34 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  318767104 bytes
Fixed Size          8792152 bytes
Variable Size         251660200 bytes
Database Buffers       50331648 bytes
Redo Buffers            7983104 bytes

SQL> @/home/oracle/createcdb.sql

Database created.

5. 執(zhí)行以下數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)提供的腳本。

• 數(shù)據(jù)字典等等，執(zhí)行時(shí)間比較長。

SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catblock.sql
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catoctk.sql
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/owminst.plb

• 安裝CDB的所有組件。

SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catcdb.sql

• 切換到system用戶，執(zhí)行pupbld.sql。

SQL> conn system
Enter password: 
Connected.

SQL> @?/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql

6. 檢查

SQL> select open_mode from v$database;

OPEN_MODE
--------------------
READ WRITE

1 row selected.

SQL> col file_name for a60
SQL> select con_id,file_name from cdb_data_files;

    CON_ID FILE_NAME
---------- ------------------------------------------------------------
         1 /oradata/cdb1/system01.dbf
         1 /oradata/cdb1/sysaux01.dbf
         1 /oradata/cdb1/undotbs01.dbf
         1 /oradata/cdb1/deftbs01.dbf

4 rows selected.