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The Elastic Stack，包括 Elasticsearch、Kibana、Beats 和 Logstash（也稱為 ELK Stack），能夠安全可靠地獲取任何來源、任何格式的數(shù)據(jù)，然后實時地對數(shù)據(jù)進行搜索、分析和可視化。
Elaticsearch（ES）是一個開源的高擴展的分布式全文搜索引擎，是整個 Elastic
Stack 技術棧的核心。它可以近乎實時的存儲、檢索數(shù)據(jù)；本身擴展性很好，可以擴展到上百臺服務器，處理 PB 級別的數(shù)據(jù)。
Lucene 是 Apache 軟件基金會 Jakarta 項目組的一個子項目，提供了一個簡單卻強大的應用程式接口，能夠做全文索引和搜尋。但它只是一個提供全文搜索功能類庫的核心工具包，而真正使用它還需要一個完善的服務框架搭建起來進行應用。
目前市面上流行的搜索引擎軟件，主流的就兩款：Elasticsearch 和 Solr，這兩款都是基于 Lucene 搭建的，可以獨立部署啟動的搜索引擎服務軟件。由于內(nèi)核相同，所以兩者除了服務器安裝、部署、管理、集群以外，對于數(shù)據(jù)的操作修改、添加、保存、查詢等等都十分類似。

應用實例：GitHub、維基百科、SoundCloud、百度、新浪、阿里、Stack Overflow等。
安裝包下載地址：傳送門，下載window或其它版本解壓后進入bin目錄，點擊 elasticsearch.bat文件啟動 ES 服務。在此之前，先安裝對應的JDK版本。若不能啟動，可能是分配的內(nèi)存不足，則可修改配置文件：config/jvm.options。
注意：9300端口為 Elasticsearch 集群間組件的通信端口，9200端口為瀏覽器訪問的 http協(xié)議 RESTful端口。

es服務啟動成功

Elasticsearch與MySQL的類比

注意：這里 Types 的概念已經(jīng)逐漸被弱化，Elasticsearch 6.X 中，一個 Index 下已經(jīng)只能包含一個type，Elasticsearch 7.X 中，Type 的概念已經(jīng)被刪除了。
創(chuàng)建索引：http://127.0.0.1:9200/playing，method：put

# response
{
    "acknowledged": true, # 操作成功
    "shards_acknowledged": true, # 分片操作成功
    "index": "playing" #索引名稱
}

注意：創(chuàng)建索引庫的分片數(shù)默認為1片，在ES 7.0.0 之前的版本中，默認為 5 片。
由于put操作具有冪等性，若重復添加索引，則會返回錯誤信息：

{
    "error": {
        "root_cause": [
            {
                "type": "resource_already_exists_exception",
                "reason": "index [playing/2Rmw7bI-SZ-ntKHIbJGDoA] already exists",
                "index_uuid": "2Rmw7bI-SZ-ntKHIbJGDoA",
                "index": "playing"
            }
        ],
        "type": "resource_already_exists_exception",
        "reason": "index [playing/2Rmw7bI-SZ-ntKHIbJGDoA] already exists",
        "index_uuid": "2Rmw7bI-SZ-ntKHIbJGDoA",
        "index": "playing"
    },
    "status": 400
}

post操作沒有冪等性，意味著兩次操作結(jié)果可能不一樣，這種操作是不允許的：

{
    "error": "Incorrect HTTP method for uri [/playing] and method [POST], allowed: [HEAD, DELETE, GET, PUT]",
    "status": 405
}

查看某個索引：http://127.0.0.1:9200/playing，method：get

{
    "playing": {
        "aliases": {},
        "mappings": {},
        "settings": {
            "index": {
                "creation_date": "1630457890587",
                "number_of_shards": "1",
                "number_of_replicas": "1",
                "uuid": "2Rmw7bI-SZ-ntKHIbJGDoA",
                "version": {
                    "created": "7060099"
                },
                "provided_name": "playing"
            }
        }
    }
}

查看所有索引：http://127.0.0.1:9200/_cat/indices?v，method：get

health status index   uuid                   pri rep docs.count docs.deleted store.size pri.store.size
yellow open   playing 2Rmw7bI-SZ-ntKHIbJGDoA   1   1          0            0       283b           283b

表頭	含義
health	當前服務器健康狀態(tài)：green(集群完整) yellow(單點正常、集群不完整) red(單點不正常)
status	索引打開、關閉狀態(tài)
index	索引名
uuid	索引統(tǒng)一編號
pri	主分片數(shù)量
rep	副本數(shù)量
docs.count	可用文檔數(shù)量
docs.deleted	文檔刪除狀態(tài)（邏輯刪除）
store.size	主分片和副分片整體占空間大小
pri.store.size	主分片占空間大小

刪除某個索引：http://127.0.0.1:9200/playing，method：delete

{
    "acknowledged": true
}

重復訪問索引時，服務器返回響應：索引不存在

{
    "error": {
        "root_cause": [
            {
                "type": "index_not_found_exception",
                "reason": "no such index [playing]",
                "resource.type": "index_or_alias",
                "resource.id": "playing",
                "index_uuid": "_na_",
                "index": "playing"
            }
        ],
        "type": "index_not_found_exception",
        "reason": "no such index [playing]",
        "resource.type": "index_or_alias",
        "resource.id": "playing",
        "index_uuid": "_na_",
        "index": "playing"
    },
    "status": 404
}

創(chuàng)建文檔：http://127.0.0.1:9200/playing/_doc，method：post，請求體內(nèi)容：

{
  "title":"一加phone",
  "category":"手機",
  "price":3999.00
}

服務器返回內(nèi)容：

{
    "_index": "playing",
    "_type": "_doc", #  類型-文檔
    "_id": "ua3ynnsB4tbB67MkkEHa", #唯一標識
    "_version": 1, # 版本
    "result": "created", # 表示創(chuàng)建成功
    "_shards": {
        "total": 2, # 分片 - 總數(shù)
        "successful": 1, # 分片 - 成功
        "failed": 0 #分片 - 失敗
    },
    "_seq_no": 0,
    "_primary_term": 1
}

若采用put操作，則返回的是不允許這樣操作的提示，因為同樣的post請求發(fā)送出去，都返回不用_id值唯一標識的文檔信息，這就說明post不是冪等性的。

{
    "error": "Incorrect HTTP method for uri [/playing/_doc] and method [PUT], allowed: [POST]",
    "status": 405
}

由于沒有指定數(shù)據(jù)唯一性標識（ID），默認情況下，ES 服務器會隨機生成一個。若想要自定義唯一性標識，則需要在創(chuàng)建時指定：http://127.0.0.1:9200/playing/_doc/1，method：post

{
    "_index": "playing",
    "_type": "_doc",
    "_id": "1", # 自定義的id值
    "_version": 1,
    "result": "created",
    "_shards": {
        "total": 2,
        "successful": 1,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "_seq_no": 1,
    "_primary_term": 1
}

多次發(fā)送上面的請求，會發(fā)現(xiàn)返回的結(jié)果中版本號、結(jié)果和序列號改變了：

{
    "_index": "playing",
    "_type": "_doc",
    "_id": "1",
    "_version": 2,
    "result": "updated",
    "_shards": {
        "total": 2,
        "successful": 1,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "_seq_no": 2,
    "_primary_term": 1
}

注意：若增加數(shù)據(jù)時明確數(shù)據(jù)主鍵，則請求方式也可以為PUT，更改上一個操作的method請求為put，返回結(jié)果如下：

{
    "_index": "playing",
    "_type": "_doc",
    "_id": "1",
    "_version": 3, # 改變
    "result": "updated",
    "_shards": {
        "total": 2,
        "successful": 1,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "_seq_no": 3, # 改變
    "_primary_term": 1
}

查詢文檔：http://127.0.0.1:9200/playing/_doc/1，method：GET

{
    "_index": "playing",
    "_type": "_doc",
    "_id": "1",
    "_version": 3,
    "_seq_no": 3,
    "_primary_term": 1,
    "found": true, # 表示找到
    "_source": { # 文檔源信息
        "title": "一加phone",
        "category": "手機",
        "price": 3999
    }
}

若查詢一個不存在的文檔（id=12），則返回以下內(nèi)容：

{
    "_index": "playing",
    "_type": "_doc",
    "_id": "12",
    "found": false
}

查詢某個索引下的全部文檔：http://127.0.0.1:9200/playing/_search，method：GET

{
    "took": 2763,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 2,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 1,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "playing",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "ua3ynnsB4tbB67MkkEHa",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "一加phone",
                    "category": "手機",
                    "price": 3999
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "playing",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "1",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "一加phone",
                    "category": "手機",
                    "price": 3999
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

修改文檔：①完全覆蓋：http://127.0.0.1:9200/playing/_doc/1，method：PUT，請求體內(nèi)容：

{
  "title":"一加phone",
  "category":"手機",
  "price":4999.00 
}

服務器返回內(nèi)容：

{
    "_index": "playing",
    "_type": "_doc",
    "_id": "1",
    "_version": 4,
    "result": "updated",
    "_shards": {
        "total": 2,
        "successful": 1,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "_seq_no": 4,
    "_primary_term": 1
}

查詢該文檔：http://127.0.0.1:9200/playing/_doc/1，method：GET，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)版本號和序列號都發(fā)生改變了。

{
    "_index": "playing",
    "_type": "_doc",
    "_id": "1",
    "_version": 4,
    "_seq_no": 4,
    "_primary_term": 1,
    "found": true,
    "_source": {
        "title": "一加phone",
        "category": "手機",
        "price": 4999
    }
}

局部更新：http://127.0.0.1:9200/playing/_update/1，method：POST，請求體內(nèi)容：

{
  "doc": {
    "title": "小米phone"
  }
}

服務器返回內(nèi)容：

{
    "_index": "playing",
    "_type": "_doc",
    "_id": "1",
    "_version": 5,
    "result": "updated",
    "_shards": {
        "total": 2,
        "successful": 1,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "_seq_no": 5,
    "_primary_term": 1
}

查詢該文檔：http://127.0.0.1:9200/playing/_doc/1，method：GET，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)版本和序列號都發(fā)生了改變。

{
    "_index": "playing",
    "_type": "_doc",
    "_id": "1",
    "_version": 5,
    "_seq_no": 5,
    "_primary_term": 1,
    "found": true,
    "_source": {
        "title": "小米phone",
        "category": "手機",
        "price": 4999
    }
}

刪除文檔：http://127.0.0.1:9200/playing/_doc/1，method：DELETE

{
    "_index": "playing",
    "_type": "_doc",
    "_id": "1",
    "_version": 6,
    "result": "deleted",
    "_shards": {
        "total": 2,
        "successful": 1,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "_seq_no": 6,
    "_primary_term": 1
}

再刪除一次，則返回找不到的提示：

{
    "_index": "playing",
    "_type": "_doc",
    "_id": "1",
    "_version": 7,
    "result": "not_found", #找不到
    "_shards": {
        "total": 2,
        "successful": 1,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "_seq_no": 7,
    "_primary_term": 1
}

條件查詢：http://127.0.0.1:9200/playing/_search?q=category:手機，method：GET

{
    "took": 1251,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 2,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 0.21072102,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "playing",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "ua3ynnsB4tbB67MkkEHa",
                "_score": 0.21072102,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "一加phone",
                    "category": "手機",
                    "price": 3999
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "playing",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "1",
                "_score": 0.21072102,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "一加phone",
                    "category": "手機",
                    "price": 3999
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

一般不推薦放在query_string中，而是放在請求體中，全量查詢：http://127.0.0.1:9200/playing/_search，method：POST，請求體內(nèi)容為：

{
    "query":{
        "match":{
            "category": "手機"
        }
    }
}

服務器返回內(nèi)容：

{
    "took": 22,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 2,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 0.21072102,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "playing",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "ua3ynnsB4tbB67MkkEHa",
                "_score": 0.21072102,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "一加phone",
                    "category": "手機",
                    "price": 3999
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "playing",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "1",
                "_score": 0.21072102,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "一加phone",
                    "category": "手機",
                    "price": 3999
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

分頁查詢：http://127.0.0.1:9200/playing/_search，method：POST，請求體內(nèi)容：

{
    "query":{
        "match_all":{
            
        }
    },
    "from": 0,
    "size": 1
}

服務器返回內(nèi)容：

{
    "took": 9,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 2,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 1,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "playing",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "ua3ynnsB4tbB67MkkEHa",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "一加phone",
                    "category": "手機",
                    "price": 3999
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

分頁投影排序查詢：http://127.0.0.1:9200/playing/_search，method：POST，請求體內(nèi)容：

{
    "query":{
        "match_all":{
            
        }
    },
    "from": 1,
    "size": 1,
    "_source": ["title"], #投影字段
    "sort": {
        "price": {
            "order": "desc"
        }
    }
}

服務器返回內(nèi)容：

{
    "took": 10,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 2,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": null,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "playing",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "1",
                "_score": null,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "一加phone"
                },
                "sort": [
                    3999
                ]
            }
        ]
    }
}

多條件查詢must操作：http://127.0.0.1:9200/playing/_search，method：POST，請求體內(nèi)容：

{
    "query":{
        "bool": {
            "must": [ #表示 and 操作，必須同時滿足
                {
                    "match": {
                        "category": "手機"
                    }
                }   
            ]
        }
    }
}

多條件查詢should和filter操作：http://127.0.0.1:9200/playing/_search，method：POST，請求體內(nèi)容：

{
    "query":{
        "bool": {
            "should": [ #表示 or操作，只要符合條件都可以
                {
                    "match": {
                        "title": "小米"
                    }
                },
                {
                    "match": {
                        "title": "一加"
                    }
                }   
            ],
            "filter": { #按價格過濾
                "range": {
                    "price": {
                        "gt": 4000
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

服務器返回內(nèi)容：

{
    "took": 8,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 1,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 1.3862942,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "playing",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "2",
                "_score": 1.3862942,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米phone",
                    "category": "手機",
                    "price": 4999
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

對結(jié)果進行高亮顯示：http://127.0.0.1:9200/playing/_search，method：POST，請求體內(nèi)容：

{
    "query":{
        "match_phrase": { #短詞匹配，這里還能查詢到估計是es分詞了
            "title": "phone"
        }
    },
    "highlight": {
        "fields": {
            "title": {}
        }
    }
}

服務器返回內(nèi)容：

{
    "took": 9,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 2,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 0.18232156,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "playing",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "1",
                "_score": 0.18232156,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "一加phone",
                    "category": "手機",
                    "price": 3999
                },
                "highlight": {
                    "title": [
                        "一加<em>phone</em>"
                    ]
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "playing",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "2",
                "_score": 0.18232156,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米phone",
                    "category": "手機",
                    "price": 4999
                },
                "highlight": {
                    "title": [
                        "小米<em>phone</em>"
                    ]
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

聚合查詢：http://127.0.0.1:9200/playing/_search，method：POST，請求體內(nèi)容：

{
    "aggs": { # 聚合操作
        "price_group": { #分組名
            "terms": { #分組操作
                "field": "price" #分組字段
            }
        }
    },
    "size": 0 # 不用返回原始數(shù)據(jù)
}

服務器返回內(nèi)容：

{
    "took": 146,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 2,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": null,
        "hits": [] # 對應上面的 size 字段值
    },
    "aggregations": {
        "price_group": {
            "doc_count_error_upper_bound": 0,
            "sum_other_doc_count": 0,
            "buckets": [
                {
                    "key": 3999,
                    "doc_count": 1
                },
                {
                    "key": 4999,
                    "doc_count": 1
                }
            ]
        }
    }
}

平均值查詢：http://127.0.0.1:9200/playing/_search，method：POST，請求體內(nèi)容：

{
    "aggs": {
        "price_avg": {
            "avg": {
                "field": "price"
            }
        }
    },
    "size": 0
}

服務器返回內(nèi)容：

{
    "took": 383,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 2,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": null,
        "hits": []
    },
    "aggregations": {
        "price_avg": {
            "value": 4499
        }
    }
}

創(chuàng)建映射：http://127.0.0.1:9200/user/_mapping，method：PUT

{
    "properties": {
        "name":{
            "type": "text",
            "index": true
        },
        "sex":{
            "type": "keyword", # 表示完全匹配
            "index": true
        },
        "age":{
            "type": "long",
            "index": false # 表示不能被索引，也不能被查詢
        }
    }
}

查詢映射：http://127.0.0.1:9200/user/_mapping，method：GET

{
    "user": {
        "mappings": {
            "properties": {
                "age": {
                    "type": "long",
                    "index": false
                },
                "name": {
                    "type": "text"
                },
                "sex": {
                    "type": "keyword",
                    "index": true
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

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Elasticsearch學習筆記（一）

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Elasticsearch學習筆記（一）

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