? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?——?選自Yourcoach網(wǎng)站（吉瑪譯）
During my two-week break,I’ve been working to migrate some of my old Money Bossarticles?toGet Rich Slowly. I thought this long piece on how to set good goals might be useful to those of you about to set goals and resolutions for 2018, so I’m publishing it today. Enjoy!
在我為期兩周的假期中，我一直在努力讓我的old Money Boss的文章轉(zhuǎn)移到《慢慢致富》上。我想這篇關(guān)于如何設(shè)定好目標(biāo)的文章可能對(duì)你們那些準(zhǔn)備制定2018年目標(biāo)和計(jì)劃的人有用，所以我今天要發(fā)布它。敬請(qǐng)欣賞!
We’ve reached one of my favorite parts of the year: the transition from the old to the new. I like that so many of us pause during the winter to reflect on how are lives are going — and the direction we’d like them to head.
我們已經(jīng)來到一年中我最喜歡的季節(jié)之一:從舊的過渡到新的。我喜歡我們中的許多人在冬天停下來反思生活的發(fā)展方向——以及我們期望的發(fā)展方向。
As part of this, many folks set goals and resolutions for the coming year. Unfortunately, most of these goals and resolutions are destined to remain nothing more than dreams. Why? Because most people don’t know how to set good goals.
作為這一目標(biāo)的一部分，許多人制定了來年的目標(biāo)和計(jì)劃。不幸的是，大多數(shù)的目標(biāo)和決心注定只是夢(mèng)想而已。為什么?因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)人不知道如何設(shè)定好的目標(biāo)。
I want to change that.
我想改變這一點(diǎn)。
Let’s take some time today to explore what science says about how to set smart goals and resolutions. My hope is that by arming yourself with this knowledge, you’ll still be pursuing your aims in April — instead of having relegated them to the realm of dreams.現(xiàn)在讓我們花些時(shí)間來探討一下科學(xué)所說的如何制定明智的目標(biāo)和決心。我希望是，用知識(shí)武裝自己，你將在4月繼續(xù)追求你的目標(biāo)，而不是降至至誠感通。
How to Set Good Goals
如何設(shè)定好的目標(biāo)
If you ask most people how to set good goals, they’ll tell you that goals should be SMART: specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and timed. While this sounds great — and it’s a methodology I’ve pushed in the past myself — there’s no actual evidence that it works. (Maybe your research skills are better than mine; if you can find studies that show SMART goals are effective, please let me know.)
如果你問大多數(shù)人如何設(shè)定好的目標(biāo)，他們會(huì)告訴你，目標(biāo)應(yīng)該是明智的:具體的、可衡量的、可實(shí)現(xiàn)的、中肯的和時(shí)控的。雖然聽起來不錯(cuò)——而且這是過去我鞭策自己的方法論——但是沒有實(shí)際的證據(jù)證明它是有效的。（也許你的研究能力比我強(qiáng);如果你找到研究證明聰明目標(biāo)是存在的，請(qǐng)告訴我）。
So what kind of goals are effective? InThe How of Happiness, Sonja Lyubomirsky shares her summary of the studies into productive (and happy) goalsetting. “There is persuasive evidence that following your dreams is a critical ingredient of happiness,” she writes. And it matters which goals you pursue while following those dreams:
那么什么樣的目標(biāo)是有效的呢?在《快樂之道》中，索尼婭·柳博米爾斯基分享了她對(duì)設(shè)定富有成效的(快樂的)目標(biāo)的研究成果的總結(jié)?！坝辛Φ淖C據(jù)表明，追尋夢(mèng)想是幸福的關(guān)鍵因素，”她寫道。這也關(guān)系到你在追逐夢(mèng)想時(shí)所追求的目標(biāo):
The pursuit of goals that are intrinsic, authentic, approach-oriented [which I’m describing as “positive” in this article], harmonious, activity-based, and flexible will deliver more happiness than the pursuit of goals that are extrinsic, inauthentic, avoidance-oriented [or negative], conflicting, circumstance-based, or rigid. This mouthful of words is based on decades of research.
對(duì)目標(biāo)的追求是內(nèi)在的，真實(shí)的，導(dǎo)向性的(這篇文章中我把它稱之為“積極的”)，和諧的，基于活動(dòng)的，靈活的，會(huì)比追求外在的、不真實(shí)的、逃避性的(或消極的)、沖突的、基于環(huán)境的或死板的的目標(biāo)帶來更多的快樂。這句話是基于幾十年的研究得出的。
Let’s look at each of these qualities a little more closely. According to science, Lyubomirsky says, the best goals will be:
讓我們更仔細(xì)地看看這些品質(zhì)。根據(jù)科學(xué)，柳波莫斯基指出，最好的目標(biāo)是:
l. Intrinsic. Good goals come from inside you, not from an outside source. You’ll be much more motivated to get things done if you’re acting because you want to and not because you have to. Your goals should be things you’d do even if you weren’t required. (A bad goal is one you pursue simply to please others. Think “want” over “ought”.)
內(nèi)在的。好的目標(biāo)來自于你的內(nèi)心，而不是來自外部因素。如果你想做，你會(huì)更有動(dòng)力去完成任務(wù)，因?yàn)槭悄阆胱龆皇悄惚仨氝@樣做。你的目標(biāo)應(yīng)該是做即使你不是必需的做的事。(一個(gè)糟糕的目標(biāo)就是你追求的僅僅是取悅別人?！跋胍贝笥凇皯?yīng)該”)。
2.真實(shí)的。柳波默斯基認(rèn)為，當(dāng)人們選擇與自己價(jià)值觀相一致的目標(biāo)時(shí)，他們會(huì)更快樂、更健康、更努力。她寫道:“一個(gè)目標(biāo)越是符合你的個(gè)性，目標(biāo)追求就越有可能獲得回報(bào)和愉悅?！比绻闶且粋€(gè)內(nèi)向的人，那么制定一個(gè)涉及到一個(gè)群體的計(jì)劃可能是沒有意義的。但如果你有一個(gè)外向的人格，那么參與地方政府的目標(biāo)就可能是完美的。
3.Positive. A good goal helps you pursue a desirable outcome instead of avoiding an undesirable one. What do I mean? Well, a resolution can usually be framed as an approach goal (e.g., to be fit) or an avoidance goal (e.g., not to be fat). Studies show that people who pursue avoidance goals are less happy and achieve worse results than those who pursue approach goals. So, find a way to state your aim in a positive way — as a target you’re moving toward rather than something you’re trying to escape.
3.積極的。一個(gè)好的目標(biāo)可以幫助你追求一個(gè)理想的結(jié)果，而不是避免一個(gè)不好的結(jié)果。我的意思是什么??嗯，一個(gè)計(jì)劃通常被框定為一種接近目標(biāo)(例如，健康)或回避目標(biāo)(例如，不要太胖)。研究表明，追求回避目標(biāo)的人比追求接近目標(biāo)的人更不快樂，結(jié)果也更糟。所以，找到一種方法，以積極的方式表達(dá)你的目標(biāo)——作為前進(jìn)的目標(biāo)，而不是試圖逃離的目標(biāo)。
4.Harmonious. All of your goals should be aligned, complementing each other to create unified action. In this way, they can work together to make each one easier to achieve. Conflicting goals cause frustration and stress. (During my RV trip across the U.S., I had two goals that didn’t work well together: I wanted to stay fit and I wanted to drink beer in every city I visited. You can guess how that turned out…)
4.和諧。你所有目標(biāo)都應(yīng)該對(duì)齊，相互補(bǔ)充，以形成統(tǒng)一。通過這種方式，他們可以一起工作，使每個(gè)人更容易實(shí)現(xiàn)。沖突的目標(biāo)會(huì)導(dǎo)致挫折和壓力。(在我穿越美國(guó)的旅行中，我有兩個(gè)目標(biāo)不能很好地結(jié)合在一起:我想保持健康，且我想喝遍去過的城市的所有啤酒。你能猜出結(jié)果…)
5.Flexible. Your goals will evolve over time. As your priorities change, your goals should too. Don’t abandon difficult goals, but be willing to alter direction as your circumstances and priorities change.
5.靈活。你的目標(biāo)會(huì)隨著時(shí)間而改變。隨著輕重緩急的改變，你的目標(biāo)也應(yīng)該改變。不要放棄困難的目標(biāo)，但是當(dāng)你的環(huán)境和輕重緩急發(fā)生變化時(shí)，你要愿意改變方向。
6.Activity-based. Goals that involve doing rather than getting tend to make people happier and more motivated. For one thing, you’re likely to adapt quickly to whatever it is you achieve — whether it’s moving to Miami or buying a new computer — so that the anticipated pleasure fades rapidly. Plus, you have more control over whether you do something than if you obtain something. For example, it’s better to create a goal in which you aim to take 100 photographs per day (an action you can control) rather than one in which you aim to sell a photo to a national magazine (an outcome that may be beyond your reach).
6.基于活動(dòng)的。目標(biāo)包括做而不是傾向于使人們更快樂和更有動(dòng)力。首先，你可能會(huì)很快適應(yīng)你所取得的成就——無論是搬到邁阿密，還是買一臺(tái)新電腦——以至于預(yù)期的快樂很快就會(huì)消失。另外，相對(duì)于掌控你是否能擁有，你更能掌控你是否要做。例如，你的目標(biāo)最好是每天要拍100張照片(你可以控制行動(dòng))，而不是把照片賣給國(guó)家雜志(這個(gè)結(jié)果可能超出你的能力范圍)。
That last bullet point is important and deserves additional clarification.
最后一個(gè)要點(diǎn)很重要，值得進(jìn)一步澄清。
Remember how I’ve written in the past about developing an internal locus of control? (If not, no worries. I’ll be re-publishing that article here at Get Rich Slowly in just a few days!)
還記得我之前寫的關(guān)于發(fā)展內(nèi)部控制中心的文章嗎??(如果沒有,不用擔(dān)心。這幾天我將在Get Rich Slowly重新發(fā)布這篇文章!
The first tenet of the Get Rich Slowly philosophy?is: You are the boss of you. This means that you should spend time and money on the things that you can actually influence while ignoring those that you can’t. When pursuing goals, I can’t determine the results; I can only determine my effort. Thus, it makes sense to set goals based on my actions (write two hours per day, go to the gym five times a week, max out my Roth IRA) instead of desired outcomes (get 100,000 email subscribers, bench-press my bodyweight, earn a 10% return on my investments).
《慢慢致富》的首要原則是:你是你的老板。這意味著你應(yīng)該把時(shí)間和金錢花在那些你能真正影響的事情上，而忽略那些你不能影響的事情。在追求目標(biāo)的時(shí)候，我無法確定結(jié)果;我只能決定我的努力。因此，根據(jù)我的行為來設(shè)定目標(biāo)是有意義的(每天寫作兩小時(shí)，每周去五次健身房，最大限度地增加我的退休金)，而不是渴望結(jié)果(10萬電子郵件訂閱者，仰臥舉起和我一樣重的重量，獲得10%的投資回報(bào))。
I think of it like this: It’s better to prioritize habits over targets. You have more control over your input than you do over the outcomes.
我是這樣想的:最好將習(xí)慣優(yōu)先于目標(biāo)。你對(duì)付出的控制比你對(duì)結(jié)果的控制要多的多。
Why go to all this trouble when setting goals? Because if you’re careful to create good goals, you’ll get better results — with your life and your finances. And the better your results, the more likely you’ll be to continue working toward your goals…and your larger purpose.
為什么在設(shè)定目標(biāo)的時(shí)候會(huì)遇到這些麻煩呢??因?yàn)槿绻阕屑?xì)地去創(chuàng)造好的目標(biāo)，你會(huì)得到更好的結(jié)果——包括你的生活和你的財(cái)富。想要得到更好的結(jié)果,你就越需要不斷的朝著你的目標(biāo)努力…朝著更大的目標(biāo)努力。
Your Most Important Goals
你最重要的目標(biāo)
Here’s a quick exercise drawn from The How of Happiness.
借鑒《快樂之道》里的一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的練習(xí)。
Think about your current goals, the ones that are most important to your life today. “Goals” include intentions, wishes, dreams, and desires. On a piece of paper, list at least eight of your most meaningful goals. (You can list more than eight, but please list at least eight of your most important goals.)
思考你當(dāng)前的目標(biāo)，那些對(duì)你現(xiàn)在生活最重要的目標(biāo)?！澳繕?biāo)”包括意圖、愿望、夢(mèng)想和欲望。在一張紙上，列出至少8個(gè)最有意義的目標(biāo)。(你可以列出超過8個(gè)，但請(qǐng)列出至少8個(gè)你最重要的目標(biāo)。)
Now you’re going to evaluate each of your goals individually. Go through them one by one and ask yourself:
現(xiàn)在你要分別評(píng)估每一個(gè)目標(biāo)。逐一檢查，然后問自己:
1.Is the goal intrinsic or extrinsic? Are you doing it because you want to, or because somebody else wants you to??
1.目標(biāo)是內(nèi)在的還是外在的??你這樣做是因?yàn)槟阆脒@么做，還是因?yàn)閯e人想讓你這么做?
2.you, or does it feel like it’s not quite aligned with who you are??
2.目標(biāo)是真實(shí)的還是不真實(shí)的??你覺得它適合你嗎?還是覺得它與你的身份不一致?
3.Is the goal positive or negative? Are you working toward a desired outcome, or are you trying to avoid something you don’t want?
3.目標(biāo)是積極的還是消極的?你是在朝著你想要的結(jié)果努力，還是在逃避你不想要的東西?
4.Is the goal harmonious or conflicting? Does the objective work well with the other goals you’ve listed (and your overall purpose), or does it make your other aims more difficult to achieve?
4.目標(biāo)是和諧的還是沖突的??你的目標(biāo)是否與你列出的其他目標(biāo)(以及你的總體目標(biāo))很好的協(xié)作，還是讓你的其他目標(biāo)更難實(shí)現(xiàn)?
5.Is the goal flexible or rigid? If your life circumstances were to change, would the goal be easy to set aside, or does it create some sort of barrier to making future changes?
5.目標(biāo)靈活的還是死板的??如果你的生活環(huán)境改變了，你的目標(biāo)會(huì)很容易被撤銷，還是會(huì)為將來的改變創(chuàng)造某種障礙呢?
6.Is the goal activity-based or circumstance-based? Is it based around doing something, or is it based around getting/achieving something?
6.目標(biāo)是基于活動(dòng)的還是基于環(huán)境的?它是基于做某件事，還是基于獲得/實(shí)現(xiàn)某件事?
In answering these questions, good goals will have more of the qualities listed first than the ones listed second. Great goals will have all six of the attributes that science says lead to happiness; they’ll be intrinsic, authentic, positive, harmonious, flexible, and activity-oriented.
在回答這些問題時(shí)，好的目標(biāo)里，列在第一位的目標(biāo)比列在第二位的要有更多的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。極好的目標(biāo)具有科學(xué)所說的能帶來幸福的全部六種屬性，它們是內(nèi)在的、真實(shí)的、積極的、和諧的、靈活的和基于活動(dòng)的。
If your goals don’t align well with Lyubomirsky’s guidelines, ask yourself why this might be the case. Are there any discernible patterns? Are many of your goals extrinsic, based on what others want you to do? Are they avoidance goals, designed to help you keep away from some negative outcome? If there are patterns, what can you do to change them?
如果你的目標(biāo)與柳波莫斯基的指導(dǎo)方針不一致，問問自己為什么會(huì)這樣。有什么明顯的模式嗎?你的許多目標(biāo)都是外在的，是基于別人想要你做的嗎? 是為了幫助你避免一些消極的結(jié)果嗎? 如果有模式，你能做什么來改變它們?
Next, let’s look at the relative importance of goals. Not all goals are created equal!
接下來，讓我們看看目標(biāo)的相對(duì)重要性。不是所有的目標(biāo)都是平等的!
A Hierarchy of Goals
目標(biāo)的層次結(jié)構(gòu)
In the past, I divided my goals based on how long it took to complete them: short-term goals, intermediate goals, and long-term goals. More and more, however, I’ve begun to think of my goals as existing in a hierarchy. Some goals are more important than others.
過去，我根據(jù)完成目標(biāo)的時(shí)間來劃分目標(biāo):短期目標(biāo)、中期目標(biāo)和長(zhǎng)期目標(biāo)。然而，越來越多的人開始認(rèn)為我的目標(biāo)存在于一個(gè)層次結(jié)構(gòu)中。有些目標(biāo)比其他的更重要。
High-level goals aren’t always long-term goals. Next week, for example, I’ll start a two-week “cleanse” diet. This objective is high on my personal goal hierarchy, but it’s also an immediate aim. And there are times when I have a long-term goal that’s low on the goal hierarchy. I want to visit Antarctica, for instance, but I’m in no rush to do so. That’s not a trip for which I need to be particularly fit, so it can wait until I’m older.高層次目標(biāo)并不總是長(zhǎng)期目標(biāo)。例如，下周我將開始為期兩周的“凈化”飲食。這個(gè)目標(biāo)在我個(gè)人的目標(biāo)層次上是很高的，但也是一個(gè)直接的目標(biāo)。有時(shí)候一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期目標(biāo)，在目標(biāo)層次上很低。例如，我想去南極洲，但我并不急于這樣做。那不是我特別需要的旅行，所以它可以等到我老了再去。
Perhaps the best explanation and exploration of goal hierarchies can be found in Angela Duckworth’s Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance. Here’s a diagram from the book:
也許對(duì)目標(biāo)層次結(jié)構(gòu)的最好解釋和探索可以在安吉拉·達(dá)克沃斯的《勇氣:激情和毅力的力量》中找到答案。這是書中的圖表:
And here’s how Duckworth describes it:
達(dá)克沃斯是這樣描述的:
At the bottom of this hierarchy are our most concrete and specific goals — the tasks we have on our short-term to-do list: I want to get out the door today by eight a.m. I want to call my business partner back. I want to finish writing the email I started yesterday. These low-level goals exist merely as means to ends. We want to accomplish them only because they get us something else we want.在這個(gè)層次結(jié)構(gòu)的底部是我們最具體和詳細(xì)的目標(biāo)——是短期任務(wù)清單上的任務(wù):我想在今天早上八點(diǎn)出門。我想給我的生意伙伴回個(gè)電話。我想寫完昨天著手的郵件。這些低層次的目標(biāo)僅僅是達(dá)到目的的一種手段。我們想要實(shí)現(xiàn)它們，只是因?yàn)樗鼈兘o我們帶來了我們想要的東西。
In contrast, the higher the goal in this hierarchy, the more abstract, general, and important it is. The higher the goal, the more it’s an end in itself, and the less it’s merely a means to an end.
相比之下，這個(gè)層次的目標(biāo)越高，它就越抽象、不詳細(xì)、重要。目標(biāo)越高，本身的目的性就越強(qiáng)，它不僅僅只是達(dá)到目的的一種手段。
[…]
The top-level goal is not a means to any other end. It is, instead, an end in itself. Some psychologists call this an “ultimate concern”. Myself, I think of this top-level goal as a compass that gives direction and meaning to all the goals below it.
高層次目標(biāo)不是實(shí)現(xiàn)任何其他目標(biāo)的手段。相反，它本身就是目標(biāo)。一些心理學(xué)家稱之為“終極關(guān)懷”。我個(gè)人認(rèn)為高層次的目標(biāo)就像是一個(gè)指南針，為它下面的所有目標(biāo)提供方向和意義。
Duckworth’s research suggests that success in life comes from grit — passion and perseverance — which is all about “holding the same top-level goal for a very long time”.
達(dá)克沃斯的研究表明，人生的成功來自于堅(jiān)毅——激情和毅力——與“在長(zhǎng)時(shí)間內(nèi)保持相同的高層次目標(biāo)”有關(guān)。
It’s easier to pursue your passion when you’ve taken time to thoughtfully develop a group of goals to support it. “The more unified, aligned, and coordinated our goal hierarchies are, the better,” Duckworth writes. (This goes along with Lyubomirsky’s point that your goals should be harmonious with each other.)
當(dāng)你花時(shí)間深思熟慮地制定一組目標(biāo)來支持它時(shí)，你更容易追求你的激情。達(dá)克沃斯寫道:“我們的目標(biāo)層級(jí)越統(tǒng)一、一致、協(xié)調(diào)，目標(biāo)就越好?！?這與柳博米爾斯基的觀點(diǎn)一致，即你的目標(biāo)應(yīng)該是和諧的。)
Duckworth, who likes to use athletes to illustrate her points, cites Hall of Fame pitcher Tom Seaver as an example of somebody who built his life around a single mission, a mission that dictated his lower-level goals. In a 1972 interview with Sports Illustrated, Seaver stated his purpose clearly:
達(dá)克沃斯，他喜歡用運(yùn)動(dòng)員來說明她的觀點(diǎn)，引用名人堂的投手湯姆·塞弗作為一個(gè)例子，他的生活圍繞著一個(gè)單一的任務(wù)，這個(gè)任務(wù)決取決于他的低水平目標(biāo)。在1972年接受《體育畫報(bào)》采訪時(shí)，西弗明確地陳述了自己的目標(biāo):
I’ve made up my mind what I want to do. I’m happy when I pitch well so I only do those things that help me be happy. I wouldn’t be able to dedicate myself like this for money or glory, although they are certainly considerations. If I pitch well for 15 years I’ll be able to give my family security. But that isn’t what motivates me.
我確定我想做什么。投球的時(shí)候我很高興，所以我只做那些能讓我快樂的事情。我不能為了金錢或榮譽(yù)而奉獻(xiàn)自己，盡管他們必需因素。如果我能完美的投球15年，我就能保證我的家庭安全。但這并不是激勵(lì)我的動(dòng)力。
What motivates some pitchers is to be known as the fastest who ever lived. Some want to have the greatest season ever. All I want is to do the best I possibly can day after day, year after year. Pitching is the whole thing for me. I want to prove I’m the best ever.
有些投手最大的動(dòng)力就是成為世界上跑的最快的人。有些想要成就最偉大的賽季。我所要做的就是盡我所能，日復(fù)一日，年復(fù)一年。投球?qū)ξ襾碚f是全部。我想證明我是最棒的。
And this purpose determined his day-to-day actions, his lower-level goals:
目的決定了他的日常行為，低層次目標(biāo):
[Pitching] determines what I eat, when I go to bed, what I do when I’m awake. It determines how I spend my life when I’m not pitching.
[投球]決定我吃什么，何時(shí)睡覺，醒來我要做什么。當(dāng)我不投球了，它決定了我如何度過我的一生。
1.because I might get a burn that would keep me from throwing for a few days, then I never go shirtless in the sun.
1.如果這意味著我不得不來到佛羅里達(dá),不能曬黑,因?yàn)槲铱赡軙?huì)曬傷,好幾天不能投球,那么我就不會(huì)在陽光下赤膊上陣。
2.If it means when I get up in the morning I have to read the box scores to see who got two hits off Bill Singer last night instead of reading a novel, then I do it.
2.如果這意味著早上起床時(shí)，我必須看比賽記錄表，看看誰昨晚誰有兩支安打，而不是看小說,那么我也照做不誤。
3.If it means I have to remind myself to pet dogs with my left hand or throw logs on the fire with my left hand, then I do that, too.
3.如果這意味著我不得不提醒自己，用左手抱著我的寵物狗或者用我的左手將木頭扔進(jìn)火中,那么慢 我也照做不誤,。
4.If it means in the winter I eat cottage cheese instead of chocolate chip cookies in order to keep my weight down, then I eat cottage cheese.
5.如果這意味著為了保持我的體重下降，冬天我只能吃奶酪,而不是巧克力餅干,那么我就會(huì)吃奶酪。
I might want those cookies but I won’t ever eat them. That might bother some people but it doesn’t bother me. I enjoy the cottage cheese. I enjoy it more than I would those cookies because I know it will help me do what makes me happy.
我可能想要那些餅干，但我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)吃它們。這可能會(huì)困擾一些人，但這并不困擾我。我喜歡松軟的干酪。比其那些餅干我更喜歡它，因?yàn)槲抑浪鼤?huì)幫助我做讓我開心的事。
Obviously, not even the most successful people dedicate every waking moment to their purpose and passion. Everyone needs downtime. But ultimately your success will be determined by how well you build a hierarchy of goals that supports your purpose, then spend your time working to accomplish these objectives.
顯然，即使再成功的人也不會(huì)把每一個(gè)清醒的時(shí)刻都奉獻(xiàn)給自己的目標(biāo)和激情。每個(gè)人都需要停工期。但是最終你的成功將取決于你如何建立一個(gè)能支持你目標(biāo)的層次結(jié)構(gòu)，然后花時(shí)間去完成這些目標(biāo)。
Your Goal Hierarchy
你的目標(biāo)層次結(jié)構(gòu)
After reading Grit and seeing Duckworth’s diagram, I spent some introspective time considering my own goals. Are they aligned with my purpose? Are they harmonious with each other? Are they intrinsic? In the end, I spent an hour or two on an exercise that I think could be useful to Get Rich Slowly readers.
讀了《堅(jiān)毅》和看到達(dá)克沃斯的圖表后，我花了一些內(nèi)省的時(shí)間來思考我自己的目標(biāo)。它們與我的目的一致嗎?他們彼此和諧嗎? 他們是內(nèi)在嗎? 最后，我花了一兩個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間進(jìn)行練習(xí)，我認(rèn)為這樣可以幫助《慢慢閱讀》讀者。
Before you begin, you’ll need to find space and time for introspective work where you won’t be interrupted by people or pets or social media. You’ll also need a pen and either a stack of index cards (or sticky notes) or a bunch of paper. You can’t really do this project on a computer. (Maybe in a spreadsheet, but I think it’s best on paper.)在你開始之前，你需要找到不被人、寵物或社交媒體打擾時(shí)間和空間進(jìn)行內(nèi)省工作。你還需要一支筆和一堆索引卡(或便利貼)或一堆紙。你不能在電腦上做這個(gè)任務(wù)。(也許可以再電子表格中，但我認(rèn)為最好是在紙上。)
Ready? Here’s how it works.
準(zhǔn)備好了嗎?以下是它的做法。
1.On your first index card, write down your mission statement, your purpose. (If you need help with this, here’s a one-page PDF with an exercise meant to help you create your personal mission statement.)
1.在你的第一張索引卡上，寫下你的任務(wù)宣言，你的目標(biāo)。(如果你需要幫助的話，這有頁P(yáng)DF格式的練習(xí)，可以幫助你創(chuàng)建個(gè)人任務(wù)宣言。)
2. Next, write each of your top-level goals on its own index card (or sticky note or piece of paper). Clearly, if you haven’t determine what your top-level goals are, you’ll have to do so now. That’s why you need space and time to think deeply! (As you come up with these goals, try to make sure they fit the profile for good goals I shared earlier in this article.) My top-level goals came naturally from my mission statement. One of them, for example, is “be the best person I can be, both mentally and physically”. Note that this is pretty vague. That’s fine. Top-level goals tend to be vague. The lower you go, the more concrete your aims become.
2.接下來，在索引卡上寫下你的每一個(gè)高層次目標(biāo)(或者便簽或者一張紙)。顯然，如果您還沒有確定您的高層次目標(biāo)是什么，那么您現(xiàn)在就必須這樣做。這就是為什么你需要時(shí)間和空間去深入思考!(當(dāng)你提出這些目標(biāo)時(shí)，試著確保它們符合我前面文章所分享的目標(biāo)。)我的高層次目標(biāo)是來自我的任務(wù)宣言。例如，其中一個(gè)就是“做最好的自己，無論是精神上還是身體上”。注意這是很模糊的。但很好。高層次目標(biāo)往往是模糊的，目標(biāo)層次越低，你的目標(biāo)就越具體。
3.Now, for each of your top-level goals, make a list of supporting goals. Again, this might take some time. That’s okay. When I did this, I came up with two goals to support my aim to “be the best person I can be, both mentally and physically”: (1) achieve and maintain physical fitness, and (2) achieve and maintain mental fitness.
3.現(xiàn)在，為你的每一個(gè)高層次目標(biāo)，列一個(gè)支持目標(biāo)清單。這可能需要一些時(shí)間。沒關(guān)系。我做的時(shí)候，我提出了兩個(gè)目標(biāo)來支持:“成為最好自己，無論是精神上還是身體上”的目的:(1)達(dá)到并保持身體健康，(2)達(dá)到并保持精神健康。
4.I think you can see where this is going. Your next step is to look at these new goals, and for each brainstorm a list of further supporting goals. When I took my goal to “achieve and maintain physical fitness”, for instance, I ended up with five sub-goals: eat well, drink only in moderation, exercise daily, practice good grooming, and dress well.
4.我想你能看出點(diǎn)矛頭了。下一步是研究這些新的目標(biāo)，并為每個(gè)頭腦風(fēng)暴提供進(jìn)一步的支持目標(biāo)清單。例如，當(dāng)我的目標(biāo)是“達(dá)到并保持身體健康”的時(shí)候，我的目標(biāo)包含五個(gè)子目標(biāo):吃好，只喝適量的飲料，每天鍛煉，鍛煉良好的儀容，穿著得體。
5.Continue this process for each branch of the hierarchy until you reach the bottom. (The bottom might come at different levels in different places. Don’t sweat it.) For my goal of “eat well”, I came up with four subgoals: keep portion sizes moderate, limit sugar intake, eat veggies first, and eat only when hungry. But for “dress well”, I only came up with two subgoals: maintain an attractive wardrobe, and wear nice clothes when possible.
5.延續(xù)這個(gè)過程的每個(gè)分支的層次結(jié)構(gòu)直到最底部。(底部可能會(huì)在不同的地方出現(xiàn)不同的水平。別擔(dān)心。) 對(duì)于“吃得好”，我提出了四個(gè)小目標(biāo):保持適中分量，限制糖的攝入量，先吃蔬菜，餓的時(shí)候才吃。但是對(duì)于“穿得好”，我只提出了兩個(gè)小目標(biāo):具有吸引力的衣柜，必要時(shí)穿好衣服。
By the end of this exercise, my kitchen table was covered with sticky notes — over 100 of them. Because Kim would kill me if I left the table like that (and the cats would probably destroy the sticky notes), I moved them to a spare whiteboard where I highlighted the top-level goal that’s most important to me right now (“be the best person I can be, both mentally and physically”). Here’s a photo of what it looks like hanging in my office:
在練習(xí)結(jié)束的時(shí)候，我廚房桌子上滿是便簽——超過100張。因?yàn)槿绻野驯愫灳头旁谀牵鹂赡軙?huì)殺了(貓可能會(huì)破壞便簽),我將便簽移到備用白板,重點(diǎn)記號(hào)現(xiàn)在對(duì)我來說最重要高層次目標(biāo),(“成為最好的自己,無論在心理上和身體上”)。這是一張掛在我辦公室里的照片:
Good Goals in Action
良好的目標(biāo)行動(dòng)
When you set good goals, you can accomplish more than you might at first believe possible. After graduating from college, my friend Paula Pant?decided she wanted to travel the world.
當(dāng)你設(shè)定好的目標(biāo)時(shí)，你完成的比你最初相信的可能要多的多。大學(xué)畢業(yè)后，我的朋友寶拉潘特決定要環(huán)游世界。
“I had a huge map of the world hanging up in my apartment,” Paula says. “I would just stare at it for hours thinking of all the places I wanted to go.” Because she wanted to travel, she made financial choices that others wouldn’t.
“我有一張巨大的世界地圖掛在我的公寓里，”寶拉說?！拔視?huì)盯著它看幾個(gè)小時(shí)，想著我想去的所有地方。”因?yàn)樗肴ヂ眯?，所以她做出與別人不同的經(jīng)濟(jì)選擇。
“I hustled in the evenings and weekends writing freelance stories and increasing my income. I drove a $400 car, and I didn’t even drive that much. I walked or biked pretty much anywhere I wanted to go,” says Paula. “And what’s funny is that none of it actually felt like a sacrifice because I was so aware of the fact that these things were unimportant to me. It never felt like I was giving anything up.”
“我晚上和周末都在忙著寫自由故事，增加收入。我開了一輛400美元的車，我甚至不怎么開車。我散步或騎自行車去任何我想去的地方”。寶拉說，“有趣的是，這一切都不是犧牲，因?yàn)槲乙庾R(shí)到這些事情對(duì)我來說并不重要。我從不認(rèn)為我放棄過任何東西。”
Paula’s mission kept her motivated, and it helped her set appropriate goals. In 2008, she quit her job to spend two-and-a-half years traveling through Europe, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia. (She now writes about her financial philosophy at Afford Anything.)
保拉的任務(wù)使她充滿動(dòng)力，并幫助她設(shè)定了適當(dāng)?shù)哪繕?biāo)。2008年，她辭掉工作，花兩年的時(shí)間旅行了歐洲、中東和東南亞。(現(xiàn)在她在Afford Anything網(wǎng)站上寫她的金融哲學(xué)。)
Successful people have a purpose, and they set goals to help them progress toward their larger goal and mission. Paula’s purpose was to explore the world, and that informed very decision she made. It helped her figure out which goals to pursue and which to ignore.
成功人士有一個(gè)目標(biāo)，他們?cè)O(shè)定目標(biāo)幫助他們朝著更大的目標(biāo)和任務(wù)前進(jìn)。寶拉的目的是探索世界，她做出了非常明智的決定。它幫助她找到了追求的目標(biāo)和忽略的目標(biāo)。
“Society says it’s normal to have a nice apartment,” says Pant. “If that’s what you dream about, if that’s what keeps you awake at night, then go for it — if that’s your dream. But if that’s not really your passion, then slash it. Live in a dump so you can do what it is you love.”
“人們認(rèn)為擁有一間漂亮的公寓是正常的，”潘特說。“如果這就是你夢(mèng)到的，如果這就是讓你夜不能寐的，那就去做吧——如果那是你的夢(mèng)想的話。但如果那不是你真正富有激情想要擁有的，那就丟掉吧。即使生活在垃圾場(chǎng)，你也可以做你喜歡的事情?！?/p>
Link:How to set smart goals: What science says about getting what you want
