offsetof宏
定義:
#define offsetof(TYPE, MEMBER) ((size_t)&((TYPE *)0)->MEMBER)
該宏先將0轉(zhuǎn)換成TYPE型指針,即形成一個(gè)指向地址0的TYPE指針,然后對(duì)TYPE中的MEMBER成員進(jìn)行取址,而整個(gè)TYPE結(jié)構(gòu)體的起始地址是0,那么這里取得的MEMBER的地址實(shí)際上等同于在TYPE中的相對(duì)偏移量。
container_of
定義:
/**
* container_of - cast a member of a structure out to the containing structure
* @ptr: the pointer to the member.
* @type: the type of the container struct this is embedded in.
* @member: the name of the member within the struct.
*
*/
#define container_of(ptr, type, member) ({ \
const typeof( ((type *)0)->member ) *__mptr = (ptr); \
(type *)( (char *)__mptr - offsetof(type,member) );})
可以看到container_of被預(yù)定義成一個(gè)函數(shù),它首先通過((type *)0)->member定義member類型的指針__mptr,這個(gè)指針指向ptr,獲取到了我們所要求的結(jié)構(gòu)體所包含的member的地址,然后(char *)__mptr - offsetof(type, member),通過member成員的地址減去它在結(jié)構(gòu)體中的偏移量,然后強(qiáng)制轉(zhuǎn)換成type指針就得到了這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)體的地址,define預(yù)定義返回最后一句表達(dá)式的值,將所求結(jié)構(gòu)體指針返回。
總結(jié)一下,container_of的功能就是通過一個(gè)指向結(jié)構(gòu)體成員member的指針,求得指向整個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)體的指針。
list_entry
定義:
/**
* list_entry - get the struct for this entry
* @ptr: the &struct list_head pointer.
* @type: the type of the struct this is embedded in.
* @member: the name of the list_struct within the struct.
*/
#define list_entry(ptr, type, member) \
container_of\
(ptr,type,member)
從定義中可以看到,list_entry其實(shí)是container_of的一個(gè)別名而已,完全等同
list_for_each_entry
定義:
/**
* list_for_each_entry - iterate over list of given type
* @pos: the type * to use as a loop cursor.
* @head: the head for your list.
* @member: the name of the list_struct within the struct.
*/
#define list_for_each_entry(pos, head, member) \
for (pos = list_entry((head)->next, typeof(*pos), member); \
&pos->member != (head); \
pos = list_entry(pos->member.next, typeof(*pos), member))
這里強(qiáng)調(diào)一下雙向鏈表及鏈表頭的概念,建立一個(gè)雙向鏈表通常有一個(gè)獨(dú)立的用于管理鏈表的鏈表頭,鏈表頭一般不包含實(shí)體數(shù)據(jù)的,必須使用INIT_LIST_HEAD()進(jìn)行初始化,表頭建立后,就可以將帶有數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)的實(shí)體鏈表成員加入到鏈表張。關(guān)系如圖所示。

list_for_each_entry被預(yù)定義為一個(gè)for循環(huán)語句,for循環(huán)的第一句獲取(head)->next指向的member成員的結(jié)構(gòu)體指針,將pos初始化為鏈表中出鏈表頭之外的第一個(gè)實(shí)體鏈表成員,for的第三句通過pos->member.next指針遍歷整個(gè)實(shí)體鏈表,當(dāng)pos->member.next再次指向鏈表頭的時(shí)候,說明已經(jīng)遍歷完畢,退出循環(huán)。
list_for_each_entry_safe
定義:
/**
* list_for_each_entry_safe - iterate over list of given type safe against removal of list entry
* @pos: the type * to use as a loop cursor.
* @n: another type * to use as temporary storage
* @head: the head for your list.
* @member: the name of the list_struct within the struct.
*/
#define list_for_each_entry_safe(pos, n, head, member) \
for (pos = list_entry((head)->next, typeof(*pos), member), \
n = list_entry(pos->member.next, typeof(*pos), member); \
&pos->member != (head); \
pos = n, n = list_entry(n->member.next, typeof(*n), member))
相比于list_for_each_entry,list_for_each_entry_safe用指針n對(duì)鏈表的對(duì)下一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了臨時(shí)存儲(chǔ),所以如果在遍歷鏈表的時(shí)候可能要?jiǎng)h除鏈表的當(dāng)前項(xiàng),用list_for_each_entry_safe可以安全的刪除,而不會(huì)影響接下來的遍歷過程。