馮莉莉教授，美國注冊護士、醫(yī)護師、計算機學位等身份，她一直在學習在進步，這次是20多年來首次回國參加我們舉辦的會議。

在幾年前就與馮老師在討論國內外護理的拓展問題，對比國內和美國的特點，或許有借鑒學習的地方，很多時候越聊越深入，因此每次交流都到半夜，其實，她在美國，我們在地球的兩面交流，雖然有微信這樣的通訊工具，但有些內容也沒辦法在微信說清楚。

特別是談到職業(yè)拓展的問題，很多人都只覺得，學護理，一輩子就是臨床上的小護士了。其實不是，看馮老師的身份，已經(jīng)是跨專業(yè)甚至是跨界了，哪怕是我，也都從事教師、管理網(wǎng)站、呆過手術室、還是醫(yī)療互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的產(chǎn)品經(jīng)理，也算是跨了不少行業(yè)。

在設計護士筆記APP的護士身份分類時，當時就把護士可拓展的直接總結為以下十幾個

當然，上面的?？谱o士很多還沒發(fā)展完善，甚至是才開始在國內實行。

今天看了馮老師的PPT，美國居然有100種護士職業(yè)，而且，每種都有相應的考取方式。

有100項護理分支，不一定都適合國內，但可以肯定的是，這是護理行業(yè)發(fā)展的趨勢，高學歷，高專業(yè)的學科。

所以，這里的一百項我們并不適用，我會在接下來的時間用一篇文章介紹，國內護理人員應該向哪個領域發(fā)展或?？品较虬l(fā)展。

本人英文水平一般，大家可以用翻譯器翻譯這100項內容吧，在此感謝馮老師的授權發(fā)布的總結

Below is a list of 100 things you can do with a any number of different types of nursing degree. Some of these positions do require specializations and many will need you to hold a master’s degree (MSN) at least.

（麥：下面列出了護理100種不同類型的工作。其中一些職位需要專業(yè)化，很多人至少需要你持有碩士學位（MSN）。）

1. Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse

Work with people with psychiatric problems in hospitals or psychiatric wards and prisons.

2. Physician’s Office Nurse

Work directly with people and the job tends to be 9 to 5.

3. Nurse Case Manager (案例管理)

You will need an MSN degree for this role.

4. Nursing Informatics Specialist

This requires an MSN degree specialization.

5. School Nurse

Work directly with children. You will have some time off during school holidays.

6. Legal Consultation Nurse

Relates to the handling of medical malpractice cases.

7. Research Nurse (研究)

Gives you the opportunity to pave the way for the future.

8. Diabetes Management Nurse

Work directly with people with diabetes, helping them manage their condition.

9. Cruise Ship Nurse

This is a fantastic opportunity for those who want to travel the world. You will generally have a reasonably low workload, but you do have to be on call around the clock.

10. Camp Nurse

Work in summer camps involving children. However, there are also increasing numbers of health-related camps, such as those for people who are overweight.

11. Parish Nurse

If you have a religious affiliation, this will allow you to integrate health and spirituality.

12. Staff Nurse

Work regular hours with reasonable pay in a hospital or any healthcare setting.

13. Nurse Midwife

Help deliver babies. You will also be involved in providing ante- and post-natal care.

14. Insurance Firm Nurse

Insurance companies often need nurses to assess claims.

15. Keep Studying Towards a Bachelor’s, Master’s or Doctorate Degree

Nurses are committed to the furthering of the professional education. From being a nurse assistant, you can move on to license practical nurse,

to an associate’s degree in nursing, to a bachelor’s degree, to a master’s degree and finally a Ph.D. in nursing.

16. Work Abroad

The nursing degree that you obtain in this country can be transferred to a license to practice in most other countries.

17. Prison Nurse

This is incredibly hard work and not for the faint of heart.

18. District Nurse

Take responsibility over health delivery and health promotion in a specific district.

19. Learning Disabilities Nurse

Work with children and adults who have various levels of learning disabilities.

20. Occupational Health Nurse

Work in large companies or in hospitals. You will ensure people can work in a mentally and

physically safe manner.

21. Pediatric Nurse

Work with children between the ages of 0 and 19.

22. Pharmaceutical Nurse

This is an interesting field for nurses who no longer wish to work directly with patients. Working for

pharmaceutical companies is a very interesting alternative.

23. Public Health Nurse

This is reserved for those with an MSN degree.

24. Plasma or Blood Bank Nurse

You will take plasma and blood from donors, encourage others to donate, test blood and more.

25. Army Nurse

The army is always looking for nurses, particularly since we are still involved in a number of different conflicts.

26. Home Health Nurse

You get to build a long lasting relationship with your patients, whom you will see in their homes.

27. Hospice Nurse

Hospice nursing is hard, as you will be dealing with people who are dying. Your role will be to

allow them to do so comfortably and in a dignified manner,

and supported by their loved ones.

28. Surgery Nurse

Assist surgeons during procedures, as well as look after patients during recovery.

29. Critical Care Nurse

Critical care nursing is one of the most fast-paced jobs.

30. Emergency Room Nurse

You will never know what sort of cases you are going to get. Expect long, unsociable hours

in a fast-paced environment.

31. Managed Care Nurse

For those with chronic or terminal conditions, who require specialized care at home and/or in health

care settings for the rest of their lives.

32. Dermatological Nurse

This allows you to treat skin conditions.

33. Plastic Surgery Nurse

Plastic surgery is often done for cosmetic reasons, although it is also done for people with

disfigurements and scars.

34. Burns Unit Nurse

Work with people who have suffered burns, including fire burns and acid burns.

35. Oncology Nurse

Work with cancer patients.

36. Rehabilitation Center Nurse

Help people who have had an accident or other physical issue to regain as much mobility as possible.

37. Missionary Nurse

Spread the word of God throughout the world, while at the same time deliver health care

to impoverished countries.

38. Charity Nurse

Numerous charities employ nurses, many of which provide disaster relief.

39. Traveling Nurse

Traveling nurses are sent from one place to the next for short durations of time to cover in hospitals and

care settings with an acute shortage of nurses.

40. Inspire Others

Be an inspiration to other people by showing your care and dedication to others.

41. Rural Nurse

Many nurses work specifically in areas with poor access to health care.

42. Outpatient Care Nurse

Outpatient care is one of the easier sides of nursing, as it allows you to treat patients ad hoc and then send them back home.

43. Nurse Anesthetist

Assist surgeons and anesthetists during procedures.

44. Health Administration Nurse

Health administration allows you to work in a range of healthcare fields, where you can influence policy development.

45. Clinical Nurse Specialist

A CNS has a specialization in a very targeted area of nursing practice, such as women’s health.

46. Clinical Nurse Leader

This is the newest nursing role, whereby your goal will be to improve safety outcomes and care quality for patients.

47. Family Nurse Practitioner

Work with everybody in the family, seeing them as a full unit rather than groups of individuals.

48. Health Visitor

Health visitors mainly focus on working with women who have had babies in the past two years, ensuring the development of the babies and infants is as expected.

49. Paramedic

Paramedics provide acute emergency care. It is a stressful job with long, unsociable hours, but it is also incredibly rewarding.

50. Licensed Nursing Facility Administrator

Handle the administration in facilities like nursing homes. Generally, you will have very little direct contact with patients.

51. Health Coach

Teach others how to obtain and maintain optimum health.

52. Nutrition and Fitness Nurse

Work directly with individuals who hire you on a personal level.

53. Nanny

Although perhaps far removed from nursing, many nurses can become a nanny as it allows them to work on a one-one-one basis with a young child.

54. Acute Care Nurse

Adult-gerontology acute care is a very popular field of work, where you take care of adult patients with various problems as and when they present themselves.

55. Community Nurse

Represent an entire community of people, usually underserved ones.

56. Obtain Further Non-nursing Related Education, Such as Counseling, Social Work or Law

Many nurses who hold a bachelor’s degree go on to achieve another bachelor’s or a master’s degree in an non-nursing field.

57. Health Programs Nurse

The development of health programs allows you to make a true difference across the world, improving outcomes while reducing costs at the same time.

58. Health Representative at Conferences and Media

Whenever decisions are made in the field of healthcare, they have to be presented to the rest of the world and questions have to be answered about this.

59. NGO Nurse

Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) often help to improve the world on a very personal level and offer very rewarding career options.

60. Procurement Nurse

You will purchase the equipment needed for nurses to do their jobs properly, always trying to find the lowest price and highest quality.

61. Nursing Students Mentor

New students require mentors to look up to. This is something anyone with a nursing degree should aspire to be.

62. Grant Writing Nurse

Grant writing means you are directly responsible for applying for funding in the hopes of improving health care delivery.

63. Health Facilities Survey Nurse

This will allow you to ensure health facilities are fit and will actually improve the health of the people they serve.

64. Commissioner for Health Products and Programs

More and more services are now outsourced and by working in commissioning. You will ensure that the right services are used.

65. Quality Assurance Nurse(質量保證/維護護士)

Quality improvement can be achieved in all areas of nursing.

66. Public Health Research Nurse

See whether certain initiatives have actually improved the health outcomes of the population and why.

67. Disease Prevention Nurse

Help stop the spread of infectious diseases.

68. Epidemics Research Nurse

There is a significant worry that we are on the brink of a new epidemic or pandemic, like Ebola. Nurses are needed to research the various new illnesses and

come up with cures and techniques to prevent spreading.

69. Asylum Nurse

Asylum seekers often have highly complex health needs, including psychological needs.

70. Nurse for At Risk Populations

Certain populations are classed as “at risk,” such as veterans and the homeless. They often require specialized health care.

71. Nurse Lobbyist

You will speak to Congressmen and Senators in the hope of encouraging certain health care ideas to be legislated and receive funding.

72. Federal Health Care Nurse

Work on federal health care development programs to affect outcomes for various populations.

73. Continuous Professional Education Coordination

All nurses are dedicated to their continuous professional education. Coordinating this and keeping on records on further education is an interesting and varied role.

74. Bioterrorism Research Nurse

Bioterrorism requires extensive knowledge on development and behavior of pathogens.

75. Medical Journalist

Investigate and report on healthcare issues around the globe.

76. Disaster Management and Relief Nurse

Provide health care to affected populations after a disaster.

77. Toxicology Nurse

Having an understanding of poisons and their effects on humans is hugely important.

78. Environmental Health Nurse

Environmental health, how our behavior affects the planet and how the planet affects our health are very important issues to look at for a nurse.

79. Hazardous Waste Nurse

Hazardous waste could have devastating consequences on the health of entire populations.

80. Industrial Nurse

This is closely related to occupational health, although this type of nurse will look more at overall risk and hazard prevention.

81. Forensic Nurse

Forensic nursing is often required after crimes have been committed.

82. Study Programs Development Nurse

Develop programs for the next nursing generation.

83. Vaccine Research Nurse

Ensure that people are immunized against various illnesses, and review their effectiveness and possible side effects.

84. Ambulatory Care Nurse

With ambulatory care, cases that would usually require stay in hospital are resolved on an outpatient basis.

85. Flight or Transport Nurse

Help treat people who have to be expatriated due to illness or injury.

86. Certified Nurse Assistant

Support the workload of other nurses and ensure they can perform their job properly.

87. Cardiac Catheterization Lab Nurse

Help to insert catheters into aortas to diagnose heart conditions.

88. HIV/AIDS Nurse

HIV/AIDS continues to be a significant health issue that requires research, development and care.

89. Genetics Nurse

You will research genes and their effects.

90. Holistic Nurse

Holistic nurses believe everything is interconnected and needs to be addressed in order to provide great health care.

91. Mind, Body and Spirit Nurse

Very similar to holistic nursing but you often use Eastern and Oriental care techniques, including Reiki and acupuncture.

92. Legal Nurse Consultant

Provide consultation on legal matters within the health care field.

93. NICU Nurse

Work with very sick and premature babies in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

94. Peri-Anesthesia Nurse

Help patients who are coming out of anesthesia.

95. Peri-Operative Nurse

Look after patients who are recovering from surgery.

96. Radiology Nurse

Work extensively with cancer patients.

97. Registered Nurse

Most of those who have a nursing degree simply begin work as an RN before choosing an area of specialization.

98. Transplant Nurse

Work with people who require organ transplants.

99. Wound Ostomy Continence Nursing

This is a highly specialized field of nursing where you deal with patients who have problems with wounds, ostomy and continence. Only some 4,000 nurses worldwide have specialized in this field to date.

100. Focus on Improved Health Care Outcomes

DATA analysis and research, must be MSN.