Introduction部分寫作指南
1.陳述研究背景，以及本篇論文的研究?jī)r(jià)值、意義
2.指出該領(lǐng)域存在的問題，爭(zhēng)議
3.確定本篇論文聚焦的主題或關(guān)鍵詞
4.對(duì)該領(lǐng)域之前工作作一個(gè)的概覽和回顧
5.簡(jiǎn)要介紹本篇論文的工作和創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)
下面列舉一些Introduction中可能經(jīng)常用到的句式
強(qiáng)調(diào)研究主題的重要性：
(顯式重要型)
X is fundamental to ...
X has a pivotal role in ...
X is frequently prescribed for ...
X is fast becoming a key instrument in ...
X plays a vital role in the metabolism of ...
X plays a critical role in the maintenance of ...
X is?essential?for a wide range of technologies.
X can play an important role in addressing the issue of ...
There is evidence that X plays a crucial role in xxx ...
(隱式重要型)
The issue of X has received considerable critical attention.
The past decade has seen the rapid development of X in many ...
X is a common condition which has considerable impact on ...
Since it was reported in 2002, X has been attracting a lot of interest.
Recently, a considerable literature has grown up around the theme of ...
Evidence suggests that X is among the most important factors for ...
In the history of xxx, X has been thought of as a key factor in ... Xs are one of the most widely used groups of Y and have been extensively used for ...
強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)領(lǐng)域研究者和相關(guān)工作較少(你懂得)：
XXX had been a largely under explored domain(under 表否定、下等)
too little work has been devoted to?
強(qiáng)調(diào)當(dāng)前研究中存在的困難
One of the main obstacles ...
One of the greatest challenges ...
A key issue is the safe disposal of ...
The main disadvantage of X is that ...
X is associated with increased risk of ...
It is now well established that X can impair ...(impair 損害)
X has led to the declines in the populations of ...
X is a growing public xxx concern in xxx.
X is one of the most frequently stated problems with ...
The main challenge faced by many experiments is the ...
Lack of X has existed as a xxx problem for many years.
X is a major public problem, and the main cause of ...
Xs are one of the most rapidly declining groups of insects in ...
X is the leading cause of death in xxx.
Despite its long success, X has a number of problems in use.
There is increasing concern that some Xs are being disadvantaged ...
There is an urgent need to address the safety problems caused by ...
Questions have been raised about the safety of the prolonged use of ...
The prevalence of X is increasing at an alarming rate in all age groups.
Despite its safety and efficacy, X suffers from several major drawbacks:
Along with this growth in X, however, there is increasing concern over ...
X is increasingly recognised as a serious, worldwide public concern.
X and its consequences are an important, but understudied, cause for concern.
強(qiáng)調(diào)研究中存在的困難還可以用如下說(shuō)法(注意加一些轉(zhuǎn)折副詞, however, nevertheless...)：
X may cause ...
X is limited by ...
X suffers from ...
X is too expensive to be used for ...
X has accentuated the problem of ...
the performance of X is limited by ...
X could be a contributing factor to ...
the synthesis of X remains a major challenge.
X can be extremely harmful to xxx.
research has consistently shown that X lacks ...
a major problem with this kind of application is ...
the determination of X is technically challenging.
current methods of X have proven to be unreliable.
these rapid changes are having a serious effect on ...
X can be adversely affected under certain conditions.
observations have indicated a serious decline in the population of ...
文獻(xiàn)概述常用句式:
Recent evidence suggests that ...
Previous studies have reported ...
Several studies have documented ...
Studies of X show the importance of ...
Several attempts have been made to ...
A number of researchers have reported ...
Previous research comparing X and Y has found ...
Existing research recognizes the critical role played by ...
Recently investigators have examined the effects of X on Y.
Surveys such as that conducted by Smith (1988) showed that ...
Factors found to be influencing X have been explored in several studies.
Studies over the past two decades have provided important information on ...
A considerable amount of literature has been published on X. These studies ...
In the past two decades, a number of researchers have sought to determine ...
There have been a number of longitudinal studies involving X that have reported ...
It has been + ()型:(小伙伴們最喜歡的It is xxx that句式來(lái)了，初中英語(yǔ)必備^_^)
noted that ...
argued that ...
shown that ...
reported that ...
assumed that ...
suggested that ... established that ... demonstrated that .... conclusively shown that ...
強(qiáng)調(diào)研究的價(jià)值和意義
This research?sheds new light on?...
This study provides new insights into ...
The study?offers?some important insights into ...
The present study fills a gap in the literature by ...
Understanding the link between X and Y will help ...
The present research explores, for the first time, the effects of ...
The findings should?make an important contribution to the field of?....
This study provides an exciting opportunity to?advance?our knowledge of ...
This study?aims to contribute to?this growing area of research by exploring ...
Therefore, this study makes a major contribution to research on X by?demonstrating?...?
概括本篇論文的結(jié)構(gòu)(一般寫在Introduction最后)
The first section of this paper will examine...
My thesis is composed of four themed chapters.
The essay has been organised in the following way.
The remaining part of the paper proceeds as follows: ...
The main issues addressed in this paper are: a), b and c).
This paper has been divided into four parts. The first part deals with ...
The contributions of this paper can be summarized as follows:(很常見的句式，簡(jiǎn)單)
The overall structure of the study takes the form of six chapters, including this introductory chapter. Chapter Two?begins by laying out?the theoretical dimensions of the research, and looks at how ... The third chapter is concerned with the methodology used for this study.
The fourth section presents the findings of the research,?focusing on?the three key themes that ... Chapter 6?analyses the results of?interviews and focus group discussions undertaken during ...
