狀語(yǔ)從句(副詞性從句)


一、含義

狀語(yǔ)從句指在復(fù)合句中將句子用作狀語(yǔ),起到副詞的作用,用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或者整個(gè)句子。

二、連接詞

從屬連詞:引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句位置比較靈活,大多位于主句之前或之后皆可,位于主句之前時(shí)通常用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。從引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞的意義來(lái)看,可分為引導(dǎo)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、原因、比較、方式、結(jié)果、目的、讓步。


時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

此類連詞主要有:when, while, after(在...之后), before(在...之前), as, as soon as(一...就) , now(that), until, till, once, since,whenever, no sooner...than,hardly/barely/scarcely...when等。

every time, each time, next time, the last time, the moment,the minute,the instant,as soon as,by the time (到...為止),immediately,directly,instantly等,引導(dǎo)句子其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。

She felt a thrill the moment she got into the theatre.她一進(jìn)劇場(chǎng)就感到一種激動(dòng)。

Every time he got to Beijing, he came to see me.每次他來(lái)北京,他都來(lái)看我。

When I got to the theatre, I found that they had sold all the tickets.當(dāng)?shù)竭_(dá)劇院時(shí),我發(fā)現(xiàn)票已售完。

We should strike while the iron is hot.我們要趁熱打鐵。

Since he entered the university, he has made great progress in his studies.進(jìn)入大學(xué)以來(lái),他在學(xué)業(yè)上已經(jīng)取得了很大進(jìn)步。

They kept on working until/till it became dark.他們一直工作到天黑。(延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)

Once you begin , you must go on. 你一旦開(kāi)始,就必須繼續(xù)下去。

You seem to have a ready-made answer, whenever I ask you a question.每逢我問(wèn)你問(wèn)題, 你總好象有現(xiàn)成的答案。

Now (that) you are here, you'd better stay.你既然來(lái)了,那就不要走了。

No sooner had they got to the field than it began to rain.他們剛到田里就開(kāi)始下雨了。(半倒裝,過(guò)去完成,過(guò)去式)

Hardly had he set foot on his native land when he felt comfortable.他一踏上祖國(guó)的土地就感到心情舒暢。(半倒裝,過(guò)去完成,過(guò)去式)

時(shí)態(tài):主將從現(xiàn)

注意點(diǎn):

①當(dāng)when引導(dǎo)一般疑問(wèn)句,或者名詞性從句的時(shí)候,從句用的最多的是一般過(guò)去時(shí),主句的時(shí)態(tài)是沒(méi)有限制的。

多數(shù)情況下,when從句用的都是一般過(guò)去時(shí),不用正在進(jìn)行時(shí)。

eg: When I got to the railway station, the train had left.

②when,while,as的用法:

when:動(dòng)詞是短暫性動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,動(dòng)作同時(shí)或前后發(fā)生

while:常用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞,意為"與…同時(shí)”“在…期間”

They rushed in while we were discussing problems.

as:強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,譯為"一邊…一邊…"或表示隨著時(shí)間推移

He sang as he went along.

As the time went on ,the weather got worse.

when ,while ,as三者均可表示“當(dāng)…的時(shí)候”,如果主句謂語(yǔ)表示的是短暫性動(dòng)詞,而從句謂語(yǔ)表示的是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,這三者可以互換使用

I meet Lucy when/while/as I was walking along the street.

但是,在這2中情況下,是不可以互換的:

一種情況:從句謂語(yǔ)時(shí)瞬間動(dòng)詞時(shí),不可以用as或者while,只能用when。而從句中的動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí),三者都可用

常用的瞬間動(dòng)詞有open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等

第二種情況:as的從句一般很少使用進(jìn)行時(shí)。

③since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句常用一般過(guò)去時(shí),主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

(have/has done+since+did)

④當(dāng)no sooner,hardly或scarcely位于句首時(shí),主句應(yīng)部分倒裝(把had放在主句后面)

no sooner+had done+than+did從句

hardly/scarcely+had done+when+did從句

No sooner had we sit down than we found it was time to go.

Hardly had I felt when the quarrel started.

Until ,till引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

兩者都可以用于肯定句中,譯為“直到…”,主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性的。

until也可以用于否定句中,在否定句中主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為非延續(xù)的,其固定搭配為not …until,“直到…才…”

I will work until /till? he tells me to stop.

I won't leave until it is twelve o'clock.

單詞或短語(yǔ)可以充當(dāng)連接詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,比如有time 類(every time, each time ,next time ,by the time)名詞類(The moment、 the minute 、the instant)副詞類(Immediately 、directly instantly)短語(yǔ)類(hardly ……when 、scarcely ……when 、no sooner… than)等


地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句

含義:地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句定義用于修飾主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,表明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)或方位。

從屬連詞:where(表特指),wherever(表泛指,抽象概念),everywhere,anywhere等。

You should make it a rule to leave things where you can find them again. 你應(yīng)當(dāng)養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣,將東西放在你能找到的地方。

After the war, a new school building was put up where there once had been a theatre. 戰(zhàn)后,在以前的劇院處建了一所新學(xué)校。

Leave her where she is. 把她留在原地。

You can take it with you wherever you go.你不論去哪里,都可隨身攜帶它。

注意:如何區(qū)分where引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句,還是狀語(yǔ)從句?

引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí):where的前面有表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞,where的作用是修飾先行詞。

引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句:where可以直接修飾主語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。

eg: The shop where I bought this book is not far from home.


原因狀語(yǔ)從句

含義:原因狀語(yǔ)從句用來(lái)解釋事情發(fā)生的原因。

連接詞:because, for,as, since, now(that)(既然),seeing that(鑒于),considering that(鑒于),in that(由于,因?yàn)?,on the ground that(以……為理由,由于,基于),for the reason that(因?yàn)椋捎?,因?yàn)槟撤N原因),by the reason that(因?yàn)?、由于?for fear that等。

We couldn't cross the river because the water had risen.水已經(jīng)上漲了,所以我們沒(méi)能過(guò)河。

Since everyoneis here, let's begin.既然大家都來(lái)了,我們就開(kāi)始吧。

I must stop writing now, as I have rather a lot of work to do.我必須停筆了,因?yàn)槲疫€有許多工作要做。

Now that you've got a chance, you might as well make full use of it. 既然你有了這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì),你可以充分的利用它了。

時(shí)態(tài):一般情況下,原因狀語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)是和主句中的保持一致的,主過(guò)從過(guò),主現(xiàn)從現(xiàn)。

注意點(diǎn)

because, since, as三者都有“因?yàn)椤钡囊馑?,一般情況下可以互換,它們的語(yǔ)氣由強(qiáng)至弱依次為:because→since→as

② 強(qiáng)調(diào)原因的時(shí)候,一般用because,它一般用來(lái)引出大家不知道的信息,即一種未知的原因,一般放于主句后。

since(既然,由于)引導(dǎo)的從句一般指的是顯而易見(jiàn)的,或者大家已經(jīng)知道的原因。一般位于主句前。

Since he had a certain talent for composition his english master encouraged him to write a lot

as和since表達(dá)的意思基本一致,就是語(yǔ)氣上更弱,沒(méi)有since正式。一般位于主句前。

As Chile is a long ,narrow country ,the temperature varies considerably from north to south

for后面跟的是補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的理由,一般位于主語(yǔ)之后。


結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句

引導(dǎo)詞:

so that結(jié)果是,以致,所以;so…that…如此…以至于…;such…that…如此…以至于…;as a result

They were so pleased to see each other that they forgot everything else. 他們彼此見(jiàn)到面,高興得把別的事情都忘記了。

It was such a cold day that there was nobody on the street.天氣非常寒冷, 以至于街上沒(méi)有任何人。

It is so cold that all the water pipes have frozen.天太冷,所有的水管都凍住了。

注意點(diǎn):

so that既可以引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句,又可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。

區(qū)別

引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句(以便于...)

(1)從句常用can,could,may,might,will,would等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞;

(2)表示一種意欲或可能性;

(3)從句之前不用逗號(hào)。

引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句

(1)從句一般沒(méi)有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

(2)表示一種事實(shí)

(3)從句與主語(yǔ)之間往往用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)

注意:從句含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的為目的狀語(yǔ)從句

②so是副詞,修飾形容詞或副詞;such是形容詞,修飾名詞。


條件狀語(yǔ)從句

引導(dǎo)詞:

①如果類

if(如果);in case(萬(wàn)一);unless=if…not…除非,如果…不…;on condition that如果,條件是

②假如類

Providing/provided(that);supposing;

③只要類

as/so long as(只要) ,only if

注意點(diǎn)

區(qū)別in case

①引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句(虛擬語(yǔ)氣)

意為“以防,以免”時(shí),從句作用含有can,could,may等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(虛擬語(yǔ)氣--從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用should+動(dòng)詞原形)

②引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句

意為“如果,萬(wàn)一”時(shí),引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句


讓步狀語(yǔ)從句

1)引導(dǎo)詞

①雖然類

as盡管(用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)),though雖然,although雖然,while

②even if/though即使

③疑問(wèn)詞+ever類

no matter how/what/where/when/which不管怎樣/什么/何處/何時(shí)/哪個(gè)=however/whatever/wherever/whenever/whichever;whether…or not不管能否

Though my father is old,yet he wants to do something for our country.我爸雖然老了,可他還要為國(guó)家做點(diǎn)事。

Even if there are difficulties, we must do it well.即使有困難,我們也要把工作做好。

Young as I am,I know some of the family secrets.盡管我年齡小,我知道一些家庭秘密。

Nobody believed him no matter what he said.不管他說(shuō)什么每人相信他。

Much as I have travelled,I have never seen anyone who’s as capable as John. 雖然我去了很多地方,但是我從來(lái)沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)像約翰這么能干的人。(強(qiáng)調(diào)形容詞)

2)注意點(diǎn):

①No matter how/however+形/副+主+謂/系(陳述句)

②倒裝:as 引導(dǎo)的讓步從句倒裝可強(qiáng)調(diào)名/形/動(dòng)/副,名詞、形容詞和副詞的最高級(jí)提前時(shí)需要省略a/an/the

結(jié)構(gòu):被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+as+主+謂/系

though 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),可以倒裝,也可以不用倒裝

although 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),不可以倒裝

③連用:though,although都不能和but連用,但可以與yet,still等連用。


方式狀語(yǔ)從句

(1)引導(dǎo)詞

as按照;(just)as…so正如…也;as if/though好像...似的;the way像…那樣,用…的方法

as :正如,就像(一般位于句中)just as:一般位于句首

when in rome,do as the romans do.入鄉(xiāng)隨俗

When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken.當(dāng)把鉛筆一部分放到水里時(shí),鉛筆看上去就像斷了。

We did as he told us. 我們照他叮囑的做了。

He spoke as though he knew the question very well.他說(shuō)得好像對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題知道得很清楚。注意:以as if引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。與現(xiàn)在相反的情況用過(guò)去時(shí),與過(guò)去相反的情況用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

(2)注意點(diǎn)

區(qū)別as if/though

引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句

(1)可以用陳述語(yǔ)氣,表示所說(shuō)情況時(shí)事實(shí)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較大

(2)可以用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示不符合事實(shí)或與事實(shí)相反的情況

引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句:

常跟在系動(dòng)詞look,sound,seem,appear等后面。


目的狀語(yǔ)從句

(1)引導(dǎo)詞

①為了類

so that為了,為的是,目的是,以便,in order that 為了,為的是,以便(兩者其后常接情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)

②以防類

for fear that唯恐,生怕,以防;in case以免以防;lest 以免,生怕,以防(虛擬語(yǔ)氣--從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用should+動(dòng)詞原形)

Ihurried so that I wouldn't be late for class. 為了上課不遲到我們趕緊走。

John shut everybody out of the kitchen so that he could prepare his grand surprise for the party. 約翰把大家關(guān)在廚房外邊,是為了能夠?yàn)橥頃?huì)烹飪出人意料的飯菜。


比較狀語(yǔ)從句

(1)引導(dǎo)詞

as…as像…一樣;not as/so…as不像…一樣;not the same/such…as和…不一樣;the+比較級(jí),the+比較級(jí),越…,就越…

than比;

John plays football as well as, if not better than, David. 約翰踢足球和大維比如果不比他好的話,至少和他踢得一樣好。

I think Chinese is more popular than any other subject.我想漢語(yǔ)比其他任何科目都更受歡迎。

Do you think that art is as interesting as music?你認(rèn)為美術(shù)與音樂(lè)一樣有趣嗎?

倍數(shù)比較(比較級(jí))

(1)“A+謂語(yǔ)+倍數(shù)+形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)+than+B”

(2)“A+謂語(yǔ)+倍數(shù)+as+形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)+as+B”

(3)“A+謂語(yǔ)+倍數(shù)+the size/length/height/width…+of+B”

as…as,than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句

(1)常省略可主語(yǔ)相同的部分,只留下相比較的部分

(2)常用助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的某種形式代替與主語(yǔ)相同的謂語(yǔ)部分

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