久久久九九999热,久久一区二区三区经典,日韩试看片

回顧

os.path.dirname(fileName):獲取文件的上級(jí)路徑
全部變量__file__:獲取文件的全路徑
os.path.join(path,fileName):拼接路徑
__builtins__:所有的內(nèi)置函數(shù)都在里面(以后會(huì)用)
urllib & requests 作用:發(fā)送http請(qǐng)求，并獲取返回值

XML

xml解析(2中解析方式)

from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET
# 第一種方式:得到一個(gè)Element對(duì)象
root = ET.XML(xmlStr)
# 第二種方式:得到一個(gè)ElementTree對(duì)象
tree = ET.parse('fileName')
root = tree.getroot()

Element類
- xml每一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)都是Element類的對(duì)象
- Element api
  - tag:獲得當(dāng)前節(jié)點(diǎn)的標(biāo)簽名
  - attrib:當(dāng)前標(biāo)簽的屬性,返回字典對(duì)象
  - text:當(dāng)前標(biāo)簽的內(nèi)容
  - makeelement('eleName',{'att1':'val1',...})
  - append(element):在節(jié)點(diǎn)里追加子節(jié)點(diǎn)
  - remove(ele):刪除節(jié)點(diǎn),傳入element對(duì)象
  - find(eleName):根據(jù)節(jié)點(diǎn)名查找子節(jié)點(diǎn)
  - findtext():
ElementTree類
- ElementTree創(chuàng)建方式:
  1. ET.parse('fileName')
    - 通過(guò)查看源代碼,發(fā)現(xiàn)：
```
self.__class__()： # __class__代表當(dāng)前類名
```
  2. ET.ElementTree(rootEle)
- ElementTree api:
  - getroot():獲取根節(jié)點(diǎn)
  - write(fileName):將xml回寫(xiě)到文件
- 在回寫(xiě)的過(guò)程中，如果標(biāo)簽內(nèi)沒(méi)有內(nèi)容，默認(rèn)回寫(xiě)得到的是自閉合的標(biāo)簽，如果不想得到自閉合的效果:(但是一般不這么用,浪費(fèi)空間)
```
 # 不自閉合
tree.write('fileName', short_empty_elemet = False)
```
- xml中如果有中文，回寫(xiě)時(shí)需要指定編碼:
```
tree.write('fileName', encoding = 'utf-8')
```
- xml簡(jiǎn)介:在xml文件頂部添加xml的簡(jiǎn)介
```
tree.write('fileName', xml_declaration=True)
```
創(chuàng)建Element的三種方式
1. ET.Element('tagName', {'attrib1':'val1',...})
  - 創(chuàng)建的僅僅為Element對(duì)象，需要添加到節(jié)點(diǎn)中
2. ele.makeelement('tagName', {'attrib1':'val1',...})
  - 同上
3. ET.subelement(ele,'tagName', {'attrib1':'val1',...})
  - 在某個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)里創(chuàng)建子節(jié)點(diǎn)

xml縮進(jìn):

通過(guò)ElementTree寫(xiě)到文件的xml不帶縮進(jìn)效果,如果想要有縮進(jìn)的效果,需要用到另一個(gè)模塊:

from xml.dom import minidom

minidom模塊也有對(duì)xml進(jìn)行操作的功能,但是功能少,效率低,所以只用它的格式化功能

from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET
from xml.dom import minidom

root = ET.Element('root', {'attrib1': 'val1'})
son1 = root.makeelement('son1', {'attrib1': 'val1'})
son1.text = "son1_text"
root.append(son1)
ET.SubElement(root, 'son2', {'attrib1': 'val1', 'attrib2': 'val2'})

xml_str = ET.tostring(root, encoding='utf-8', short_empty_elements=True)
parser = minidom.parseString(xml_str)
pretty_xml = parser.toprettyxml()
with open('pretty.xml', mode='w') as file:
    file.write(pretty_xml)

命名空間

http://www.w3school.com.cn/xml/xml_namespaces.asp

from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET

ET.register_namespace('com',"http://www.company.com") #some name

# build a tree structure
root = ET.Element("{http://www.company.com}STUFF")
body = ET.SubElement(root, "{http://www.company.com}MORE_STUFF", attrib={"{http://www.company.com}hhh": "123"})
body.text = "STUFF EVERYWHERE!"

# wrap it in an ElementTree instance, and save as XML
tree = ET.ElementTree(root)

tree.write("page.xml",
           xml_declaration=True,
           encoding='utf-8',
           method="xml")

configparser

configparser用于處理特定格式的文件,其本質(zhì)是通過(guò)open來(lái)操作文件

# 注釋
; 注釋
[section1]
key1:value1
key2=value2

[setction2]
key1=value1
key2:value2

import configparser

parser = configparser.ConfigParser()
parser.read('conf', encoding='utf-8')
sections = parser.sections()
# 獲取所有的section
print(sections) # ['section1', 'section2']
# 獲取section下的鍵值對(duì)
items = parser.items('section1')
print(items) # [('key1', 'value1'), ('key2', 'value2')]
# 獲取指定節(jié)點(diǎn)下所有的建
options = parser.options('section1')
print(options) #['key1', 'key2']
# 獲取指定節(jié)點(diǎn)下指定key的值
value = parser.get('section1', 'key1')
print(value) # value1
# getint()/getfloat()/getboolean()
# 檢查、刪除、添加節(jié)點(diǎn)
hasSection = parser.has_section('section1')
print(hasSection) # True
parser.add_section('section3')
parser.remove_section('section1')
with open('conf', mode='w') as file:
    parser.write(file)
# 檢查、刪除、設(shè)置指定組內(nèi)的鍵值對(duì)
has_option = parser.has_option(section='section2',option='key1')
print(has_option) # True
parser.remove_option('section2', 'key2')
option3 = parser.set('section2','key3','val3')
with open('conf',mode='w') as file:
    parser.write(file)

xml

刪除屬性:
- del node.attrib['attbitName']

requests

無(wú)參實(shí)例:

import requests
 
ret = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json')
 
print(ret.url)
print(ret.text)

有參實(shí)例:

import requests
 
payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
ret = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get", params=payload)
 
print(ret.url)
print(ret.text)

基本post實(shí)例

import requests
 
payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
ret = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post", data=payload)
 
print(ret.text)

發(fā)送請(qǐng)求頭和數(shù)據(jù)實(shí)例

import requests
import json
 
url = 'https://api.github.com/some/endpoint'
payload = {'some': 'data'}
headers = {'content-type': 'application/json'}
 
ret = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(payload), headers=headers)
 
print(ret.text)
print(ret.cookies)

其他請(qǐng)求

requests.get(url, params=None, **kwargs)
requests.post(url, data=None, json=None, **kwargs)
requests.put(url, data=None, **kwargs)
requests.head(url, **kwargs)
requests.delete(url, **kwargs)
requests.patch(url, data=None, **kwargs)
requests.options(url, **kwargs)
 
# 以上方法均是在此方法的基礎(chǔ)上構(gòu)建
requests.request(method, url, **kwargs)

Http請(qǐng)求和XML實(shí)例

import urllib
import requests
from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET

# 使用內(nèi)置模塊urllib發(fā)送HTTP請(qǐng)求，或者XML格式內(nèi)容
"""
f = urllib.request.urlopen('http://www.webxml.com.cn//webservices/qqOnlineWebService.asmx/qqCheckOnline?qqCode=424662508')
result = f.read().decode('utf-8')
"""


# 使用第三方模塊requests發(fā)送HTTP請(qǐng)求，或者XML格式內(nèi)容
r = requests.get('http://www.webxml.com.cn//webservices/qqOnlineWebService.asmx/qqCheckOnline?qqCode=424662508')
result = r.text

# 解析XML格式內(nèi)容
node = ET.XML(result)

# 獲取內(nèi)容
if node.text == "Y":
    print("在線")
else:
    print("離線")

查看火車停靠信息

import urllib
import requests
from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET

# 使用內(nèi)置模塊urllib發(fā)送HTTP請(qǐng)求，或者XML格式內(nèi)容
"""
f = urllib.request.urlopen('http://www.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/TrainTimeWebService.asmx/getDetailInfoByTrainCode?TrainCode=G666&UserID=')
result = f.read().decode('utf-8')
"""

# 使用第三方模塊requests發(fā)送HTTP請(qǐng)求，或者XML格式內(nèi)容
r = requests.get('http://www.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/TrainTimeWebService.asmx/getDetailInfoByTrainCode?TrainCode=G666&UserID=')
result = r.text

# 解析XML格式內(nèi)容
root = ET.XML(result)
for node in root.iter('TrainDetailInfo'):
    print(node.find('TrainStation').text,node.find('StartTime').text,node.tag,node.attrib)

logging模塊

程序運(yùn)行時(shí)經(jīng)常遇到報(bào)錯(cuò)，日志記錄等，如果讓每個(gè)用戶的操作都單獨(dú)打開(kāi)日志文件記錄，會(huì)出現(xiàn)線程安全問(wèn)題
logging用于便捷記錄日志且線程安全的模塊

import logging
  
  
logging.basicConfig(filename='log.log',
    format='%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s -%(module)s:  %(message)s',
    datefmt='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %p',level=10)
  
logging.debug('debug')
logging.info('info')
logging.warning('warning')
logging.error('error')
logging.critical('critical')
logging.log(10,'log')

日志等級(jí)

CRITICAL = 50
FATAL = CRITICAL
ERROR = 40
WARNING = 30
WARN = WARNING
INFO = 20
DEBUG = 10
NOTSET = 0

多文件日志
- logging拆分:
  - 比較函數(shù)：信息等級(jí):FileHandler
  - 寫(xiě)入函數(shù)：對(duì)滿條件的信息寫(xiě)入文件:Logger
- Logger + fileHandler

# 定義文件
file_1_1 = logging.FileHandler('l1_1.log', 'a', encoding='utf-8')
fmt = logging.Formatter(fmt="%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s -%(module)s:  %(message)s")
file_1_1.setFormatter(fmt)

file_1_2 = logging.FileHandler('l1_2.log', 'a', encoding='utf-8')
fmt = logging.Formatter()
file_1_2.setFormatter(fmt)

# 定義日志
logger1 = logging.Logger('s1', level=logging.ERROR)
logger1.addHandler(file_1_1)
logger1.addHandler(file_1_2)


# 寫(xiě)日志
logger1.critical('1111')

# 定義文件
file_2_1 = logging.FileHandler('l2_1.log', 'a')
fmt = logging.Formatter()
file_2_1.setFormatter(fmt)

# 定義日志
logger2 = logging.Logger('s2', level=logging.INFO)
logger2.addHandler(file_2_1)

如上述創(chuàng)建的兩個(gè)日志對(duì)象
- 當(dāng)使用【logger1】寫(xiě)日志時(shí)，會(huì)將相應(yīng)的內(nèi)容寫(xiě)入 l1_1.log 和 l1_2.log 文件中
- 當(dāng)使用【logger2】寫(xiě)日志時(shí)，會(huì)將相應(yīng)的內(nèi)容寫(xiě)入 l2_1.log 文件中

系統(tǒng)命令-subprocess模塊

call():執(zhí)行命令，返回狀態(tài)

ret = subprocess.call(["ls", "-l"], shell=False)
ret = subprocess.call("ls -l", shell=True)

check_call():執(zhí)行命令，如果執(zhí)行狀態(tài)碼是 0 ，則返回0，否則拋異常

subprocess.check_call(["ls", "-l"])
subprocess.check_call("exit 1", shell=True)

check_output():執(zhí)行命令，如果狀態(tài)碼是 0 ，則返回執(zhí)行結(jié)果，否則拋異常

subprocess.check_output(["echo", "Hello World!"])
subprocess.check_output("exit 1", shell=True)

用于執(zhí)行復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)命令:subprocess.Popen(...)

import subprocess
ret1 = subprocess.Popen(["mkdir","t1"])
ret2 = subprocess.Popen("mkdir t2", shell=True)

import subprocess

obj = subprocess.Popen("mkdir t3", shell=True, cwd='/home/dev',)

import subprocess

obj = subprocess.Popen(["python"], stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, universal_newlines=True)
obj.stdin.write("print(1)\n")
obj.stdin.write("print(2)")
obj.stdin.close()

cmd_out = obj.stdout.read()
obj.stdout.close()
cmd_error = obj.stderr.read()
obj.stderr.close()

print(cmd_out)
print(cmd_error)

import subprocess

obj = subprocess.Popen(["python"], stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, universal_newlines=True)
obj.stdin.write("print(1)\n")
obj.stdin.write("print(2)")

out_error_list = obj.communicate()
print(out_error_list)

import subprocess

obj = subprocess.Popen(["python"], stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, universal_newlines=True)
out_error_list = obj.communicate('print("hello")')
print(out_error_list)

datatime

datetime.date：表示日期的類。常用的屬性有year, month, day
datetime.time：表示時(shí)間的類。常用的屬性有hour, minute, second, microsecond
datetime.datetime：表示日期時(shí)間
datetime.timedelta：表示時(shí)間間隔，即兩個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)之間的長(zhǎng)度
timedelta([days[, seconds[, microseconds[, milliseconds[, minutes[, hours[, weeks]]]]]]])
strftime("%Y-%m-%d")

shutil

高級(jí)的文件、文件夾、壓縮包處理模塊
將文件內(nèi)容拷貝到另一個(gè)文件中

import shutil
 
shutil.copyfileobj(open('old.xml','r'), open('new.xml', 'w'))

shutil.copyfile(src, dst)

shutil.copyfile('f1.log', 'f2.log')

僅拷貝權(quán)限。內(nèi)容、組、用戶均不變

shutil.copymode('f1.log', 'f2.log')

僅拷貝狀態(tài)的信息，包括：mode bits, atime, mtime, flags

shutil.copystat('f1.log', 'f2.log')

shutil.copy(src, dst)

import shutil
 
shutil.copy('f1.log', 'f2.log')

shutil.copy2(src, dst)

import shutil
 
shutil.copy2('f1.log', 'f2.log')

遞歸的去拷貝文件夾

mport shutil
 
shutil.copytree('folder1', 'folder2', ignore=shutil.ignore_patterns('*.pyc', 'tmp*'))

import shutil

shutil.copytree('f1', 'f2', symlinks=True, ignore=shutil.ignore_patterns('*.pyc', 'tmp*'))

遞歸的去刪除文件

import shutil
 
shutil.rmtree('folder1')

遞歸的去移動(dòng)文件，它類似mv命令，其實(shí)就是重命名

import shutil
 
shutil.move('folder1', 'folder3')

創(chuàng)建壓縮包并返回文件路徑，例如：zip、tar

#將 /Users/wupeiqi/Downloads/test 下的文件打包放置當(dāng)前程序目錄
import shutil
ret = shutil.make_archive("wwwwwwwwww", 'gztar', root_dir='/Users/wupeiqi/Downloads/test')
  
  
#將 /Users/wupeiqi/Downloads/test 下的文件打包放置 /Users/wupeiqi/目錄
import shutil
ret = shutil.make_archive("/Users/wupeiqi/wwwwwwwwww", 'gztar', root_dir='/Users/wupeiqi/Downloads/test')

shutil 對(duì)壓縮包的處理是調(diào)用 ZipFile 和 TarFile 兩個(gè)模塊來(lái)進(jìn)行的，詳細(xì)：

import zipfile

# 壓縮
z = zipfile.ZipFile('laxi.zip', 'w')
z.write('a.log')
z.write('data.data')
z.close()

# 解壓
z = zipfile.ZipFile('laxi.zip', 'r')
z.extractall()
z.close()

import tarfile

# 壓縮
tar = tarfile.open('your.tar','w')
tar.add('/Users/wupeiqi/PycharmProjects/bbs2.log', arcname='bbs2.log')
tar.add('/Users/wupeiqi/PycharmProjects/cmdb.log', arcname='cmdb.log')
tar.close()

# 解壓
tar = tarfile.open('your.tar','r')
tar.extractall()  # 可設(shè)置解壓地址
tar.close()

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python06-模塊(三)

python06-模塊(三)

回顧

XML

configparser

xml

requests

logging模塊

系統(tǒng)命令-subprocess模塊

datatime

shutil

相關(guān)閱讀更多精彩內(nèi)容

友情鏈接更多精彩內(nèi)容

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python06-模塊(三)

回顧

XML

configparser

xml

requests

logging模塊

系統(tǒng)命令-subprocess模塊

datatime

shutil

相關(guān)閱讀更多精彩內(nèi)容

友情鏈接更多精彩內(nèi)容

色偷偷精品伊人,欧洲久久精品,欧美综合婷婷骚逼,国产AV主播,国产最新探花在线,九色在线视频一区,伊人大交九欧美,1769亚洲,黄色成人av