Soccer pioneers recall the first Women’s World Cup
足球先驅(qū)者們的第一屆女子世界杯
Female soccer players have made great strides since the quadrennial tournament was first held in 1991. But the fight for equality continues.
自從1991年四年一次的錦標(biāo)賽開(kāi)辦以來(lái)，女性足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員取得了極大的發(fā)展。但是爭(zhēng)取平等的斗爭(zhēng)仍在繼續(xù)。
stride [stra?d] n. 大步，闊步; 步幅; 進(jìn)展; 一跨（的寬度）; vt. & vi. 大踏步走; 跨過(guò); vi. 跨; vt. 跨坐在…;
quadrennial [kw?d'ren??l] adj. 繼續(xù)四年的，每四年一次的;
發(fā)布于2019-07-05 by CLAIRE WOLTERS
Female soccer players are riding a wave of attention and accolades this summer, as fans around the world have been tuning into the 2019 FIFA Women’s World Cup. The contest reaches its climax this Sunday, as the top-ranked U.S. Women’s National Team plays the Netherlands for the championship title.
這個(gè)夏天女性足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員們收獲了一大波關(guān)注與褒獎(jiǎng)，世界各地的球迷們都收看了2019年FIFA女子世界杯。賽事將在這個(gè)周日到達(dá)頂峰，屆時(shí)頂級(jí)的美國(guó)女子國(guó)家隊(duì)將與荷蘭隊(duì)爭(zhēng)奪冠軍獎(jiǎng)杯。
accolade [??k?le?d] n. 嘉獎(jiǎng)，表?yè)P(yáng); 武士爵位的授予（禮）; [樂(lè)]達(dá)譜號(hào)
But sports historians and players who competed in the first Women’s World Cup, held in China in 1991, say things were very different then.
但是經(jīng)歷過(guò)1991年舉辦于中國(guó)的第一次女子世界杯的體育學(xué)家和運(yùn)動(dòng)員們說(shuō)：那時(shí)的情況（和現(xiàn)在）很不一樣。
Millions of American girls have grown up playing soccer to the cheers of parents and peers. But 28 years ago, playing pro soccer wasn't a promising career path for women.
現(xiàn)在，成千上萬(wàn)的美國(guó)女孩自小踢足球，在家長(zhǎng)和同齡人的歡呼中長(zhǎng)大。但是28年前，對(duì)于女性來(lái)說(shuō)，職業(yè)足球并不是一個(gè)有前途的職業(yè)路線。
“It wasn't popular; it wasn’t the right thing to do,” says Carin Jennings Gabarra, the 1991 tournament’s Most Valuable Player. “People would always ask, ‘Are you that soccer player?’ and I would say, ‘No, I don't do that,’ and hide the fact that I had this athletic side to me, because that wasn't the cool thing and the acceptable thing.”
1991年錦標(biāo)賽的最有價(jià)值球員Carin Jennings Gabarra說(shuō)：“足球（在女性中）并不流行，它不是一件正當(dāng)?shù)墓ぷ?。人們總是?huì)問(wèn)：‘你是足球員嗎（that 驚訝臉）？’我會(huì)回答說(shuō)：‘不，我不踢足球’，來(lái)掩飾我運(yùn)動(dòng)員的一面這一事實(shí)，因?yàn)樗诋?dāng)時(shí)不是一件高大上甚至能讓人接受的工作?！?/p>
Glaring disparities between men's and women's teams were a given, so taken for granted it “wasn’t even a thought,” says 1991 midfielder Shannon Higgins-Cirovski.
1991年的中場(chǎng)Shannon Higgins-Cirovski說(shuō)：在男隊(duì)和女隊(duì)之間明顯的不平等是直接存在的，因此人們會(huì)不假思索地認(rèn)為它理所當(dāng)然。
disparity [d??sp?r?ti] n. 不同; 不等; 不一致; 懸殊;
“I can remember being in France and the youth boys’ team was on this big luxurious bus, staying in a hotel down the road, and we're at a farmhouse with this little tiny bus,” she says. “It was complete and total gender discrimination.”
她說(shuō)：“我還記得在法國(guó)，青年男隊(duì)乘坐的是一輛豪華大巴，住在路邊的一家酒店，而我們坐了一輛小巴，住在一個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)里?！?/p>
In those days women players often wore hand-me-down uniforms from the men’s team, slept in cockroach-infested hotel rooms, and were paid as little as $10 a day. The rules required that they play with a smaller, lighter ball than the men’s team.
那時(shí)候，女性運(yùn)動(dòng)員經(jīng)常穿男隊(duì)穿過(guò)的球衣，睡在蟑螂遍布的旅館房間里，拿著少到10美元一天的工資。此外，還有一個(gè)規(guī)定要求她們使用比男隊(duì)更小更輕的足球。
hand-me-down [?h?ndmi:?da?n] adj. 非訂作的便宜貨，半新的;n. 舊的衣服，成衣;
cockroach [?k?kr??t?] n. [昆]蟑螂;
infest [?n?fest] vt. 大批出沒(méi)，成群出現(xiàn); 在…上寄生，寄生于; 騷擾;
“We supposedly couldn't handle it,” Higgins-Cirovski says. “I think the tail end of it, they didn’t really want it to be the same as the men’s game.”
Higgins-Cirovski說(shuō)：“我們被認(rèn)為玩不轉(zhuǎn)正常足球。我認(rèn)為本質(zhì)是他們不想我們和男隊(duì)一樣?！?/p>
The U.S. women’s team won the 1991 World Cup, beating Norway 2 to 1. But their victory attracted scant attention back home.
美國(guó)女隊(duì)2:1擊敗挪威隊(duì)獲得了1991年世界杯冠軍。但是她們的勝利在美國(guó)少有關(guān)注。
scant [sk?nt] adj. 不足的; 缺乏的; 將近的; 吝嗇的; vt. 限制; 節(jié)省; 吝惜;
“It wasn’t covered in the United States anywhere close to the extent it was internationally,” says Eileen Narcotta-Welp, an associate professor of sports and exercise science at the University of Wisconsin, Lacrosse. “When they came back, there was really no press, no media, there to greet them.”
Eileen Narcotta-Welp，Lacrosse威斯康星大學(xué)的一位運(yùn)動(dòng)與運(yùn)動(dòng)科學(xué)的副教授，說(shuō)到：“對(duì)于一個(gè)國(guó)際事件來(lái)說(shuō)，它沒(méi)有在美國(guó)的任何地方有相關(guān)報(bào)道。當(dāng)她們回來(lái)的時(shí)候，沒(méi)有新聞媒體祝賀她們。”
Tennis greats lead the way
網(wǎng)球巨星是她們的榜樣
In their struggle to gain recognition and equal treatment, the trailblazers in women’s soccer drew inspiration from tennis great Billie Jean King, whose famous “Battle of the Sexes” match in 1973 set a new precedent for women in sports.
在她們爭(zhēng)取認(rèn)可和平等對(duì)待的斗爭(zhēng)中，女性足球的先驅(qū)者們從網(wǎng)球巨星Billie Jean King身上得到了激勵(lì)，1973年她著名的“為性別而戰(zhàn)”比賽開(kāi)創(chuàng)了女性體育的一個(gè)先例。
trailblazer [?tre?lble?z?(r)] n. 開(kāi)路的人，先驅(qū)者，開(kāi)拓者;
In the early 1970s, King and a group of eight other women tennis players called the Houston Nine split from the United States Lawn Tennis Association (USLTA) to protest unequal prize money. At the time, women tennis players received 20 to 50 percent of the men’s prize money for tournament victories.
在20世紀(jì)70年代早期，King和另外八位女網(wǎng)球運(yùn)動(dòng)員，被稱為休斯頓九人，退出了美國(guó)草地網(wǎng)球協(xié)會(huì)以抗議不平等獎(jiǎng)金。那時(shí)候，女性網(wǎng)球運(yùn)動(dòng)員獲得錦標(biāo)賽勝利后僅可獲得男性運(yùn)動(dòng)員獎(jiǎng)金的20-50%。
protest [?pr??test] n. 抗議; 反對(duì); 申明;
Rather than boycott the game, the Houston Nine formed their own tour. The start-up was less stable than the USLTA, but it gained media attention and sponsorship from Virginia Slims, a cigarette brand marketed to women. The group formed the Women’s Tennis Association in 1973. Threatened by this rival group, the USLTA invited the women back—this time offering them equal prize money.
不是選擇罷賽，休斯頓九人選擇自行參加比賽。盡管初始不是很穩(wěn)定，但是它獲得了媒體的關(guān)注和一個(gè)針對(duì)女性市場(chǎng)叫Virginia Slims的香煙品牌資助。在1973年，她們成立了女性網(wǎng)球協(xié)會(huì)。因?yàn)槭艿竭@個(gè)對(duì)立協(xié)會(huì)的影響，美國(guó)草地網(wǎng)球協(xié)會(huì)以提供平等獎(jiǎng)金的條件邀請(qǐng)她們重返協(xié)會(huì)。
boycott [?b??k?t] vt. 聯(lián)合抵制; 抵制（貨物等）; 拒絕參加; n. 聯(lián)合抵制; 聯(lián)合拒絕購(gòu)買; 拒絕參加;
But the gains made by female tennis players wouldn’t transfer to women’s soccer anytime soon. While girls who aspire to soccer stardom now have plenty of role models in players like Alex Morgan, the third-youngest player to score more than 100 goals in her career, the financial field has yet to be leveled.
但是女性網(wǎng)球運(yùn)動(dòng)員們的收獲并不能很快地轉(zhuǎn)移到女子足球上。盡管目前渴望成為足球巨星的女性擁有很多運(yùn)動(dòng)員榜樣，像職業(yè)生涯攻進(jìn)100球的第三年輕運(yùn)動(dòng)員Alex Morgan，但是（男女運(yùn)動(dòng)員的）經(jīng)濟(jì)層面尚未達(dá)到同一水平
aspire [??spa??(r)] vi. 渴望，立志，追求; 〈詩(shī)，古〉登，升，高聳;
stardom [?stɑ:d?m] n. 演員們; 明星界; 明星地位; 群星;
Today tennis superstar Serena Williams is the only woman who appears on Forbes’ top 100 list of The World’s Highest-Paid Athletes. The list includes a dozen male soccer players (including the top three earners), but not a single female soccer star. This despite the fact that U.S. women players today are often outperforming men on the field and at the ticket booth.
網(wǎng)球巨星Serena Williams是目前唯一一位出現(xiàn)在福布斯高薪運(yùn)動(dòng)員排行前一百位的女性運(yùn)動(dòng)員。這個(gè)榜單包含12個(gè)足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員（包括榜單前三位），但是并沒(méi)有一個(gè)女性足球明星。盡管目前美國(guó)女子運(yùn)動(dòng)員經(jīng)常比男性在賽場(chǎng)上表現(xiàn)的更出色，賽事售票更為火爆。
booth [bu:e] n. 售貨棚，攤位; 公用電話亭; 隔開(kāi)的小間; （選舉）投票站;
In the 28 years since the inception of the Women’s World Cup, the U.S. women’s soccer team has won three of seven world championships—including the most recent contest in 2015. In contrast, throughout the tournament’s entire 89-year existence, the U.S. men’s team has yet to win a World Cup.
在女子世界杯開(kāi)始以來(lái)的28年間，美國(guó)女子足球隊(duì)共贏得了3次冠軍（共7屆），包括最近的2015年女子世界杯。與之相比，在錦標(biāo)賽存在的89年歷史中，美國(guó)男子足球隊(duì)并沒(méi)有獲得過(guò)一次冠軍。
inception [?n?sep?n] n. 開(kāi)始，開(kāi)端，初期; 獲得學(xué)位;
Moreover, while U.S. men’s games used to generate much more in ticket sales than women’s, the gap has all but disappeared in recent years. “From 2016 to 2018, women’s games generated about 49.9 million for the men,” reports the Wall Street Journal.
除此之外，盡管美國(guó)男隊(duì)比賽過(guò)去常常比女隊(duì)比賽售票更多，但是近年來(lái)其中的差距幾乎消失了。華爾街雜志報(bào)道說(shuō)：“自2016-2018年，相較于男隊(duì)比賽的4990萬(wàn)美元收入，女隊(duì)為5080萬(wàn)美元。”
The earning power of women players is also seen in product sales. Sports gear maker Nike reports that the U.S. women’s jersey is now “the No. 1 soccer jersey, men’s or women’s, ever sold on Nike.com in one season.”
女性運(yùn)動(dòng)員的商業(yè)價(jià)值在商品銷量上也有體現(xiàn)。運(yùn)動(dòng)裝備制造商N(yùn)ike報(bào)道說(shuō)在一個(gè)賽季里，Nike官網(wǎng)上售出的男女性足球球衣中，銷量第一位是美國(guó)女隊(duì)球衣。（這句話比較奇怪，感覺(jué)應(yīng)該如上翻譯，問(wèn)題出在引號(hào)上。應(yīng)該是倒裝了，正常語(yǔ)序?yàn)镹ow the No. 1 soccer jersey, men’s or women’s, ever sold on Nike.com in one season is the U.S. women’s jersey。）
gear [g??(r)] n. 齒輪; 排擋; 傳動(dòng)裝置; 衣服 ; vi. 接上; 調(diào)和; vt. 使適應(yīng); 裝上齒輪; 用齒輪連接;
jersey [?d??:zi] n. 毛織運(yùn)動(dòng)衫，毛線衫; 澤西島; 澤西種乳牛;
Yet financial restrictions by FIFA have disadvantaged the women’s game. Until recently, women played for 30 million in October 2018, but the number is still a far cry from the men’s prize of $400 million.
然而，由FIFA制定的經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)則限制了女隊(duì)比賽。之前，女性獎(jiǎng)金為1500萬(wàn)美元，2018年翻倍為3000萬(wàn)美元，但是這個(gè)數(shù)目距離男隊(duì)4億美元獎(jiǎng)金相去甚遠(yuǎn)。
Other ongoing disparities include media coverage and an imbalance between male and female coaches.
此外還有一些其他的不平等，包括媒體報(bào)道和男女教練（數(shù)目）不平衡。
Women’s sports receive only four percent of all sports media coverage, despite female athletes accounting for 40 percent of all sports participants, according to the Tucker Center for Research on Girls & Women in Sport. And while a third of the 24 teams competing in the Women’s World Cup are coached by women, none of the 32 men’s teams have a female coach.
在Tucker Center關(guān)于體育女性的調(diào)查中得出：盡管女性運(yùn)動(dòng)員合計(jì)達(dá)到所有體育運(yùn)動(dòng)參與者的40%，女子賽事僅能得到所有體育報(bào)道的4%。并且盡管女子世界杯中三分之一的球隊(duì)（共24支）由女性執(zhí)教，但是32支男隊(duì)中沒(méi)有一個(gè)女子教練。
The battle for equality now shifts from the soccer pitch to the District Court of Central California, where the U.S. women are suing the U.S. Soccer Federation (USSF) for violating the Equal Pay Act.
目前爭(zhēng)取平等的斗爭(zhēng)從足球場(chǎng)轉(zhuǎn)移到了加州中部地區(qū)法院。美國(guó)女子（運(yùn)動(dòng)員）起訴美國(guó)足球聯(lián)盟違反同酬法。
The suit asks the USSF for damages and to implement equal pay between the men’s and women’s teams going forward. It also addresses inequalities in travel accommodations and playing conditions, such as whether a field is grass or artificial turf, says Jeffrey L. Kessler, co-executive chairman of Winston & Strawn, who will be representing the women.
將代表女子運(yùn)動(dòng)員的Winston & Strawn聯(lián)合執(zhí)行主席Jeffrey L. Kessler說(shuō)：這個(gè)訴訟要求美國(guó)足球聯(lián)盟賠償損失，并在男女隊(duì)之間實(shí)行平等的酬勞。它同時(shí)也強(qiáng)調(diào)旅行住宿與比賽環(huán)境的不平等問(wèn)題，例如賽場(chǎng)是草地還是人造草皮。
implement [??mpl?ment] vt. 實(shí)施，執(zhí)行; 使生效，實(shí)現(xiàn); 落實(shí)（政策）; 把…填滿; n. 工具，器械; 家具; 手段; [法]履行（契約等）;
turf [t?:f] n. 草皮; 泥炭;賽馬場(chǎng)，跑馬場(chǎng); vt. 用草皮覆蓋; 扔掉; 趕走;
USSF currently negotiates separate wages with the men’s and women’s teams through collective bargaining agreements. The USSF pays male players based on their success throughout the season, while giving the women a flat starting rate. Thus, the men’s salaries can reach greater heights, while the women have a smaller, guaranteed pay. Because those agreements are not made public, it can be difficult to tally up exactly what the pay discrepancy is.
目前美國(guó)足球聯(lián)盟通過(guò)集體談判協(xié)議與男隊(duì)女隊(duì)協(xié)商不同工資問(wèn)題。美國(guó)足球聯(lián)盟基于男性球員一個(gè)賽季的表現(xiàn)給予酬勞，但卻給女性運(yùn)動(dòng)員一個(gè)起始工資點(diǎn)。因此，男性運(yùn)動(dòng)員的薪水可以達(dá)到較高的水平，而女性可以收獲一個(gè)較少的保障薪水。因?yàn)檫@些協(xié)議并不公開(kāi)，很難計(jì)算出薪水差異有多大。
tally [?t?li] n. 計(jì)數(shù)器; 標(biāo)簽; 記賬; vt. 測(cè)量，計(jì)數(shù); 通過(guò)做記號(hào)記錄; 加標(biāo)簽于; 使符合，使吻合; vi. 符合，吻合; 記錄，計(jì)分;
discrepancy [d?s?krep?nsi] n. 差異，不符合，不一致
Kessler has worked on groundbreaking sports cases in the past. In 2007, he helped the Women’s Tennis Benefit Association access equal prize money for Grand Slam tournaments. He says his latest clients are optimistic about their chances in court.
過(guò)去Kessler一直專注于開(kāi)創(chuàng)性的體育案件。在2007年，他幫助女子網(wǎng)球權(quán)益協(xié)會(huì)獲得了大滿貫錦標(biāo)賽的同額獎(jiǎng)金。他說(shuō)他最近的客戶都對(duì)法庭結(jié)果表示樂(lè)觀
“If the women win, it will be a great day for everyone,” Kessler says. “I think they expect to win the lawsuit—just like they expect to win the World Cup.”
Kessler說(shuō)：“如果女性（運(yùn)動(dòng)員）勝訴，它將是所有人的勝利。我想她們像希望贏得世界杯一樣期待著勝訴。”
本文同步更新于微信公眾號(hào)：failure and success
