TED
What makes a good life? Lessons from the longest study on happiness
文化? 2017-08-09
0:00
12:50
00: 01 / 12: 50
全文中英英語(yǔ)
What keeps us healthy and happy
在我們的人生中
as we go through life?
是什么讓我們保持健康且幸福呢？
If you were going to invest now
如果現(xiàn)在你可以
in your future best self,
為未來(lái)的自己投資
where would you put your time and your energy?
你會(huì)把時(shí)間和精力投資在哪里呢？
There was a recent survey of millennials
最近在千禧一代中有這么一個(gè)調(diào)查
asking them what their most important life goals were,
問(wèn)他們生活中最重要的目標(biāo)是什么
and over 80 percent said
超過(guò)80%的人說(shuō)
that a major life goal for them was to get rich.
最大的生活目標(biāo)就是要有錢
And another 50 percent of those same young adults
還有50%的年輕人說(shuō)
said that another major life goal
另一個(gè)重要的生活目標(biāo)
was to become famous.
就是要出名
(Laughter)
（笑聲）
And we’re constantly told to lean in to work, to push harder
而且我們總是被灌輸要投入工作，要加倍努力
and achieve more.
要成就更多。
We’re given the impression that these are the things that we need to go after
我們被灌輸了這樣一種觀念，只有做到剛才說(shuō)的這些
in order to have a good life.
才能有好日子過(guò)。
Pictures of entire lives,
要人們縱觀整個(gè)人生，
of the choices that people make and how those choices work out for them,
想象各種選擇，以及這些選擇最終導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果，
those pictures are almost impossible to get.
幾乎是不可能的。
Most of what we know about human life
關(guān)于人的一生，我們能了解到的，
we know from asking people to remember the past,
大部分都是通過(guò)人的回憶得來(lái)，
and as we know, hindsight is anything but 20/20.
但眾所周知，大部分都是事后諸葛。
We forget vast amounts of what happens to us in life,
一生中，我們會(huì)忘記很多發(fā)生過(guò)的事情，
and sometimes memory is downright creative.
而且記憶常常不可靠。
But what if we could watch entire lives
但如果我們可以從頭到尾地
as they unfold through time?
縱觀人的一生呢？
What if we could study people from the time that they were teenagers
如果我們可以跟蹤研究一個(gè)人，從他少年時(shí)代開始
all the way into old age
一直到他步入晚年，
to see what really keeps people happy and healthy?
看看究竟是什么讓人保持快樂(lè)和健康呢？
We did that.
我們做到了。
The Harvard Study of Adult Development
哈佛大學(xué)（進(jìn)行的）這項(xiàng)關(guān)于成人發(fā)展的研究，
may be the longest study of adult life that’s ever been done.
可能是同類研究中耗時(shí)最長(zhǎng)的。
For 75 years, we’ve tracked the lives of 724 men,
在75年時(shí)間里，我們跟蹤了724個(gè)人的一生，
year after year, asking about their work, their home lives, their health,
年復(fù)一年，了解他們的工作、家庭生活、健康狀況，
and of course asking all along the way without knowing how their life stories
當(dāng)然，在這一過(guò)程中，我們完全不知道他們的人生
were going to turn out.
將走向何方。
Studies like this are exceedingly rare.
像這樣的研究少之又少。
Almost all projects of this kind fall apart within a decade
像這樣的項(xiàng)目幾乎都會(huì)在10年內(nèi)終止，
because too many people drop out of the study,
因?yàn)橛性S多人會(huì)中途退出，
or funding for the research dries up,
或者是研究資金不足，
or the researchers get distracted,
或者是研究者轉(zhuǎn)換方向，
or they die, and nobody moves the ball further down the field.
或者去世，然后項(xiàng)目無(wú)人接手。
But through a combination of luck
但感謝幸運(yùn)女神的眷顧
and the persistence of several generations of researchers,
和幾代研究人員的堅(jiān)持不懈，
this study has survived.
這個(gè)項(xiàng)目存活下來(lái)了。
About 60 of our original 724 men
目前這724人中
are still alive,
仍有60人在世，
still participating in the study,
仍然在參與研究
most of them in their 90s.
大多數(shù)人已經(jīng)90多歲了。
And we are now beginning to study
現(xiàn)在我們已經(jīng)開始研究
the more than 2,000 children of these men.
他們的子孫后代，人數(shù)多達(dá)2000多人。
And I’m the fourth director of the study.
我是這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的第四任負(fù)責(zé)人。
Since 1938, we’ve tracked the lives of two groups of men.
從1938年起，我們開始跟蹤兩組人的生活。
The first group started in the study
第一組加入這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的人，
when they were sophomores at Harvard College.
當(dāng)年在哈佛大學(xué)上大二。
They all finished college during World War II,
他們?cè)诙?zhàn)期間大學(xué)畢業(yè)，
and then most went off to serve in the war.
大部分人都參軍作戰(zhàn)了。
And the second group that we’ve followed
我們追蹤的第二組人
was a group of boys from Boston’s poorest neighborhoods,
是一群來(lái)自波士頓貧民區(qū)的小男孩，
boys who were chosen for the study
他們之所以被選中，
specifically because they were from some of the most troubled
主要是因?yàn)樗麄儊?lái)自20世紀(jì)30年代波士頓
and disadvantaged families
最困難
in the Boston of the 1930s.
最貧困的家庭。
Most lived in tenements,many without hot and cold running water.
大部分住在廉價(jià)公寓里，很多都沒有冷熱水供應(yīng)。
When they entered the study,
在加入這個(gè)項(xiàng)目時(shí)，
all of these teenagers were interviewed.
這些年輕人都接受了面試。
They were given medical exams.
接受了身體檢查。
We went to their homes and we interviewed their parents.
我們挨家挨戶走訪了他們的父母。
And then these teenagers grew up into adults
然后這些年輕人長(zhǎng)大成人，
who entered all walks of life.
進(jìn)入到社會(huì)各個(gè)階層。
They became factory workers and lawyers and bricklayers and doctors,
成為了工人、律師、磚匠、醫(yī)生，
one President of the United States.
還有一位成了美國(guó)總統(tǒng)。
Some developed alcoholism.A few developed schizophrenia.
有人成為酒鬼，有人患了精神分裂。
Some climbed the social ladder
有人從社會(huì)最底層
from the bottom all the way to the very top,
一路青云直上，
and some made that journey in the opposite direction.
也有人恰相反，掉落云端。
The founders of this study
這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的創(chuàng)始人們，
would never in their wildest dreams
可能做夢(mèng)都不會(huì)想到
have imagined that I would be standing here today, 75 years later,
75年后的今天，我會(huì)站在這里，
telling you that the study still continues.
告訴你們這個(gè)項(xiàng)目還在繼續(xù)。
Every two years, our patient and dedicated research staff
每?jī)赡?，我們耐心而專注的研究人員
calls up our men and asks them if we can send them
會(huì)打電話給我們的研究對(duì)象，問(wèn)他們是否愿意
yet one more set of questions about their lives.
再做一套關(guān)于他們生活的問(wèn)卷。
Many of the inner city Boston men ask us,
那些來(lái)自波士頓的人問(wèn)我們，
Why do you keep wanting to study me? My life just isn’t that interesting.
“為什么你們一直想研究我？我的生活是很無(wú)趣的?！?/p>
The Harvard men never ask that question.
但哈佛的人從沒這樣問(wèn)過(guò)。
(Laughter)
（笑聲）
To get the clearest picture of these lives,
為了更好地了解這些人的生活，
we don’t just send them questionnaires.
我們不光給他們發(fā)問(wèn)卷。
We interview them in their living rooms.
我們還在他們家客廳采訪他們。
We get their medical records from their doctors.
從他們醫(yī)生那兒拿病歷。
We draw their blood, we scan their brains,
抽他們的血，掃描他們的大腦，
we talk to their children.
跟他們的孩子聊天。
We videotape them talking with their wives about their deepest concerns.
我們拍攝下他們和妻子談話的場(chǎng)景，聊的都是他們最關(guān)心的問(wèn)題。
And when, about a decade ago,we finally asked the wives
大約在10年前，我們終于開口問(wèn)他們的妻子，
if they would join us as members of the study,
是否愿意加入我們的研究，
many of the women said,"You know, it’s about time."
很多女士都說(shuō)，“是啊，終于輪到我們了。”
(Laughter)
（笑聲）
So what have we learned?
那么我們得到了什么結(jié)論呢？
What are the lessons that come from the tens of thousands of pages
那長(zhǎng)達(dá)幾萬(wàn)頁(yè)的數(shù)據(jù)記錄，記錄了他們的生活，
of information that we’ve generated
我們從這些記錄中間，
on these lives?
到底學(xué)到了什么？
Well, the lessons aren’t about wealth or fame or working harder and harder.
不是關(guān)于財(cái)富、名望，或更加努力工作。
The clearest message that we get from this 75-year study is this:
從75年的研究中，我們得到的最明確的結(jié)論是：
Good relationships keep us happier and healthier. Period.
良好的人際關(guān)系能讓人更加快樂(lè)和健康。就這樣。
We’ve learned three big lessons about relationships.
關(guān)于人際關(guān)系，我們得到三大結(jié)論。
The first is that social connections are really good for us,
第一，社會(huì)關(guān)系對(duì)我們是有益的，
and that loneliness kills.
而孤獨(dú)寂寞有害健康。
It turns out that people who are more socially connected
我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些跟家庭成員更親近的人，
to family, to friends, to community,
更愛與朋友、與鄰居交往的人，
are happier, they’re physically healthier,and they live longer
會(huì)比那些不善交際、離群索居的人，
than people who are less well connected.
更快樂(lè)，更健康，更長(zhǎng)壽。
And the experience of loneliness turns out to be toxic.
孤獨(dú)寂寞是有害健康的。
People who are more isolated than they want to be from others
那些“被孤立”的人，跟不孤單的人相比，
find that they are less happy,
往往更加不快樂(lè)，
their health declines earlier in midlife,
等他們?nèi)说街心陼r(shí)，健康狀況下降更快，
their brain functioning declines sooner
大腦功能下降得更快，
and they live shorter lives than people who are not lonely.
也沒那么長(zhǎng)壽。
And the sad fact is that at any given time,
可惜的是，長(zhǎng)久以來(lái)，
more than one in five Americans will report that they’re lonely.
每5個(gè)美國(guó)人中就至少有1個(gè)聲稱自己是孤獨(dú)的。
And we know that you can be lonely in a crowd
而且即便你身在人群中，甚至已經(jīng)結(jié)婚了，
and you can be lonely in a marriage,
你還是可能感到孤獨(dú)，
so the second big lesson that we learned
因此我們得到的第二大結(jié)論是
is that it’s not just the number of friends you have,
不是你有多少朋友，
and it’s not whether or not you’re in a committed relationship,
也不是你身邊有沒有伴侶，
but it’s the quality of your close relationships that matters.
真正有影響的是這些關(guān)系的質(zhì)量。
It turns out that living in the midst of conflict is really bad for our health.
整天吵吵鬧鬧，對(duì)健康是有害的。
High-conflict marriages, for example,without much affection,
比如成天吵架，沒有愛的婚姻，
turn out to be very bad for our health,perhaps worse than getting divorced.
對(duì)健康的影響或許比離婚還大。
And living in the midst of good,warm relationships is protective.
而關(guān)系和睦融洽，則對(duì)我們的健康有益。
Once we had followed our men all the way into their 80s,
當(dāng)我們的研究對(duì)象步入80歲時(shí)，
we wanted to look back at them at midlife
我們會(huì)回顧他們的中年生活
and to see if we could predict
看我們能否預(yù)測(cè)
who was going to grow into a happy, healthy octogenarian
哪些人會(huì)在八九十歲時(shí)過(guò)得快樂(lè)健康
and who wasn’t.
哪些人不會(huì)。
And when we gathered together everything we knew about them
我們把他們50歲時(shí)的所有信息
at age 50,
進(jìn)行匯總分析，
it wasn’t their middle age cholesterol levels
發(fā)現(xiàn)決定他們將如何老去的，
that predicted how they were going to grow old.
并不是他們中年時(shí)的膽固醇水平。
It was how satisfied they were in their relationships.
而是他們對(duì)婚姻生活的滿意度。
The people who were the most satisfied in their relationships at age 50
那些在50歲時(shí)滿意度最高的人，
were the healthiest at age 80.
在80歲時(shí)也是最健康的。
And good, close relationships seem to buffer us
另外，良好和親密的婚姻關(guān)系
from some of the slings and arrows of getting old.
能減緩衰老帶來(lái)的痛苦。
Our most happily partnered men and women
參與者中那些最幸福的夫妻告訴我們，
reported, in their 80s,
在他們80多歲時(shí)，
that on the days when they had more physical pain,
哪怕身體出現(xiàn)各種毛病，
their mood stayed just as happy.
他們依舊覺得日子很幸福。
But the people who were in unhappy relationships,
而那些婚姻不快樂(lè)的人，
on the days when they reported more physical pain,
身體上會(huì)出現(xiàn)更多不適，
it was magnified by more emotional pain.
因?yàn)閴那榫w把身體的痛苦放大了。
And the third big lesson that we learned about relationships and our health
關(guān)于婚姻和健康的關(guān)系，我們得到的第三大結(jié)論是，
is that good relationships don’t just protect our bodies,
幸福的婚姻不單能保護(hù)我們的身體，
they protect our brains.
還能保護(hù)我們的大腦。
It turns out that being in a securely attached relationship
研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果在80多歲時(shí)，
to another person in your 80s is protective,
你的婚姻生活還溫暖和睦，
that the people who are in relationships
你對(duì)自己的另一半
where they really feel they can count on the other person in times of need,
依然信任有加，知道對(duì)方在關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻能指望得上，
those people’s memories stay sharper longer.
那么你的記憶力都不容易衰退。
And the people in relationships
而反過(guò)來(lái)，
where they feel they really can’t count on the other one,
那些覺得無(wú)法信任自己的另一半的人，
those are the people who experience earlier memory decline.
記憶力會(huì)更早表現(xiàn)出衰退。
And those good relationships,they don’t have to be smooth all the time.
幸福的婚姻，并不意味著從不拌嘴。
Some of our octogenarian couples could bicker with each other
有些夫妻，八九十歲了，
day in and day out,
還天天斗嘴，
but as long as they felt that they could really count on the other
但只要他們堅(jiān)信，在關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻，
when the going got tough,
對(duì)方能靠得住，
those arguments didn’t take a toll on their memories.
那這些爭(zhēng)吵頂多只是生活的調(diào)味劑。
So this message,
所以請(qǐng)記住，
that good, close relationships are good for our health and well-being,
幸福和睦的婚姻對(duì)健康是有利的，
this is wisdom that’s as old as the hills.
這是永恒的真理。
Why is this so hard to get and so easy to ignore?
但為什么我們總是辦不到呢？
Well, we’re human.
因?yàn)槲覀兪侨祟悺?/p>
What we’d really like is a quick fix,
我們總喜歡找捷徑，
something we can get
總想一勞永逸，
that’ll make our lives good and keep them that way.
找到一種方法，解決所有問(wèn)題。
Relationships are messy and they’re complicated
人際關(guān)系麻煩又復(fù)雜，
and the hard work of tending to family and friends,
與家人、朋友相處需要努力付出，
it’s not sexy or glamorous.
一點(diǎn)也不高大上。
It’s also lifelong. It never ends.
而且需要一輩子投入，無(wú)窮無(wú)盡。
The people in our 75-year study who were the happiest in retirement
在我們長(zhǎng)達(dá)75年的研究中，那些最享受退休生活的人，
were the people who had actively worked to replace workmates with new playmates.
是那些主動(dòng)用玩伴來(lái)替代工作伙伴的人。
Just like the millennials in that recent survey,
就像開頭我說(shuō)過(guò)的千禧一代一樣，
many of our men when they were starting out as young adults
我們跟蹤研究的很多人在年輕的時(shí)候
really believed that fame and wealth and high achievement
堅(jiān)信名望、財(cái)富和成就
were what they needed to go after to have a good life.
是他們過(guò)上好日子的保證。
But over and over, over these 75 years,our study has shown
但在75年的時(shí)間里，我們的研究一次次地證明，
that the people who fared the best were the people who leaned in to relationships,
日子過(guò)得最好的，是那些主動(dòng)與人交往的人，
with family, with friends, with community.
與家人、朋友或者鄰居。
So what about you?
那么你們呢？
Let’s say you’re 25,or you’re 40, or you’re 60.
也許你現(xiàn)在25歲，或者40歲，或者60歲。
What might leaning in to relationships even look like?
怎樣才算主動(dòng)與人交往呢？
Well, the possibilities are practically endless.
嗯，我想有很多種方法吧。
It might be something as simple as replacing screen time with people time
最簡(jiǎn)單的，別再跟屏幕聊天了，去跟人聊天，
or livening up a stale relationship by doing something new together,
或者一起嘗試些新事物，讓關(guān)系恢復(fù)活力，
long walks or date nights,
一起散個(gè)步呀，晚上約個(gè)會(huì)呀，
or reaching out to that family member who you haven’t spoken to in years,
或者給多年未曾聯(lián)系的親戚打個(gè)電話，
because those all-too-common family feuds
因?yàn)檫@種家庭不和睦太常見了，
take a terrible toll
但它帶來(lái)的傷害又很大，
on the people who hold the grudges.
尤其對(duì)那些喜歡生悶氣的人來(lái)說(shuō)更是如此。
I’d like to close with a quote from Mark Twain. More than a century ago,
我想引用馬克?吐溫的一段話來(lái)作為結(jié)束。 一個(gè)多世紀(jì)前， ”
he was looking back on his life, and he wrote this: "There isn’t time, so brief is life,
他回首自己的人生， 寫下這樣一段話： “時(shí)光荏苒，生命短暫，
for bickerings, apologies, heartburnings, callings to account.
別將時(shí)間浪費(fèi)在爭(zhēng)吵、道歉、傷心和責(zé)備上。
There is only time for loving, and but an instant, so to speak, for that."
用時(shí)間去愛吧， 哪怕只有一瞬間，也不要辜負(fù)他。
The good life is built with good relationships.
美好人生，從美好的人際關(guān)系開始。
Thank you.
謝謝大家。
(Applause)
（掌聲）
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評(píng)論
lanxia520蘭霞
2019-09-22
The pronunciation is very good.
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