Android AsyncTask內(nèi)部原理
@(Android)
[toc]
小筆記
基本使用
/**
* 在主線程中調(diào)用,可以做一些初始化的操作,但是不要在這里做耗時(shí)操作
*/
@Override
protected void onPreExecute() {
super.onPreExecute();
}
/**
* 在子線程中調(diào)用,耗時(shí)操作全部在這里完成。
* 如果需要更新進(jìn)度可以調(diào)用 publishProgress(Progress... values)
*/
@Override
protected Object doInBackground(Object[] params) {
return null;
}
/**
* 在主線程中調(diào)用,顯示子線程進(jìn)度的回調(diào)函數(shù)
* @param values
*/
@Override
protected void onProgressUpdate(Object[] values) {
super.onProgressUpdate(values);
}
/**
* 在主線程中調(diào)用,傳入的傳輸是在doInBackground中返回的值
* @param o
*/
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(Object o) {
super.onPostExecute(o);
}
/**
* AsyncTask被取消的時(shí)候會(huì)回調(diào)
* 參數(shù)是從哪里傳過來的呢。后面有解釋
*/
@Override
protected void onCancelled(Object o) {
super.onCancelled(o);
System.out.println(o instanceof Bitmap);
if (o instanceof Bitmap) {
image_view.setImageBitmap((Bitmap) o);
}
}
/**
* AsyncTask被取消的時(shí)候會(huì)回調(diào)
*/
@Override
protected void onCancelled() {
super.onCancelled();
System.out.println("MyAsyncTask ========== onCancelled");
}
了解了基本的使用方法之后,簡單的實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)加載圖片的方法吧
package com.example.wen.asynctask;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private ImageView image_view;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
image_view = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.image_view);
new MyAsyncTask().execute();
}
class MyAsyncTask extends AsyncTask {
/**
* 在主線程中調(diào)用,可以做一些初始化的操作,但是不要在這里做耗時(shí)操作
*/
@Override
protected void onPreExecute() {
super.onPreExecute();
}
/**
* 在子線程中調(diào)用,耗時(shí)操作全部在這里完成。
* 如果需要更新進(jìn)度可以調(diào)用 publishProgress(Progress... values)
*/
@Override
protected Object doInBackground(Object[] params) {
Bitmap bitmap = null;
try {
URL url = new URL("https://www.baidu.com/img/bd_logo1.png");
HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(connection.getInputStream());
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return bitmap;
}
/**
* 在主線程中調(diào)用,傳入的傳輸是在doInBackground中返回的值
* @param o
*/
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(Object o) {
super.onPostExecute(o);
if (o instanceof Bitmap) {
image_view.setImageBitmap((Bitmap) o);
}
}
/**
* 在主線程中調(diào)用,顯示子線程進(jìn)度的回調(diào)函數(shù)
* @param values
*/
@Override
protected void onProgressUpdate(Object[] values) {
super.onProgressUpdate(values);
}
/**
* AsyncTask被取消的時(shí)候會(huì)回調(diào)
*/
@Override
protected void onCancelled(Object o) {
super.onCancelled(o);
System.out.println(o instanceof Bitmap);
if (o instanceof Bitmap) {
image_view.setImageBitmap((Bitmap) o);
}
}
/**
* AsyncTask被取消的時(shí)候會(huì)回調(diào)
*/
@Override
protected void onCancelled() {
super.onCancelled();
System.out.println("MyAsyncTask ========== onCancelled");
}
}
}
內(nèi)部實(shí)現(xiàn)原理
- 在主線程中調(diào)用
execute(Params... params)方法或者是指定的線程池的executeOnExecutor(Executor exec,Params... params)
@MainThread
public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> execute(Params... params) {
return executeOnExecutor(sDefaultExecutor, params);
}
@MainThread
public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> executeOnExecutor(Executor exec,
Params... params) {
if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) {
switch (mStatus) {
case RUNNING:
throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
+ " the task is already running.");
case FINISHED:
throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
+ " the task has already been executed "
+ "(a task can be executed only once)");
}
}
mStatus = Status.RUNNING;
onPreExecute();
mWorker.mParams = params;
exec.execute(mFuture);
return this;
}
從上面的代碼中看到兩點(diǎn):
-
onPreExecute()方法在主線程中調(diào)用的 - 另外,在執(zhí)行
exec.execute(mFuture);的時(shí)候,會(huì)先判斷mStatus的狀態(tài)。所以每一個(gè)AsyncTask對象都只能調(diào)用execute()方法一次??匆幌耺Statues的定義:
private volatile Status mStatus = Status.PENDING;
public enum Status {
/**
* Indicates that the task has not been executed yet.
*/
PENDING,
/**
* Indicates that the task is running.
*/
RUNNING,
/**
* Indicates that {@link AsyncTask#onPostExecute} has finished.
*/
FINISHED,【
}
從定義中看到mStatus是用volatile關(guān)鍵字修飾的。volatile的作用是保證操作的可見性,即修改之后其他能馬上讀取修改后的值。詳情看Java 并發(fā)編程。
那為什么需要用一個(gè)volatile關(guān)鍵字修飾呢?,F(xiàn)在有這么一個(gè)場景,一個(gè)AsyncTask對象已經(jīng)快執(zhí)行完后臺(tái)任務(wù)了,準(zhǔn)備修改狀態(tài)Statue.FINISH,但是這個(gè)時(shí)候,主線程保留了這個(gè)AsyncTask對象,并且調(diào)用了execute()方法,這個(gè)時(shí)候就會(huì)導(dǎo)致一個(gè)AsyncTask被調(diào)用了兩次。
而一個(gè)AsyncTask不允許執(zhí)行兩次的原因是考慮到了線程安全的問題,如果一個(gè)對象被執(zhí)行了兩次,那么就需要考慮自己定義的成員變量的線程安全的問題了。所以直接在new一個(gè)出來比執(zhí)行兩次的方式更加方便。
當(dāng)判斷是第一次調(diào)用的時(shí)候,后面就會(huì)調(diào)用到exec.execute(mFuture);方法。線程池中的exec.execute()需要一個(gè)Runnable的對象,所以讓我們看看mFuture的定義吧:
private final FutureTask<Result> mFuture;
我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他是一個(gè)FutureTask對象。FutrueTask對象需要實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)方法:
/**
* Protected method invoked when this task transitions to state
* {@code isDone} (whether normally or via cancellation). The
* default implementation does nothing. Subclasses may override
* this method to invoke completion callbacks or perform
* bookkeeping. Note that you can query status inside the
* implementation of this method to determine whether this task
* has been cancelled.
*/
protected void done() { }
并且在FutureTask的構(gòu)造方法中,需要傳一個(gè)Callable對象,那么Callable又是一個(gè)什么東西呢。簡單來說,Callable是一個(gè)有返回值的Runnable。所以FutureTask在后臺(tái)運(yùn)行的代碼就是Callable中的call()的方法。具體來看看在AsyncTask源碼中是怎么實(shí)現(xiàn)的:
mWorker = new WorkerRunnable<Params, Result>() {
public Result call() throws Exception {
mTaskInvoked.set(true);
Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
//noinspection unchecked
Result result = doInBackground(mParams);
Binder.flushPendingCommands();
return postResult(result);
}
};
mFuture = new FutureTask<Result>(mWorker) {
@Override
protected void done() {
try {
postResultIfNotInvoked(get());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
android.util.Log.w(LOG_TAG, e);
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("An error occurred while executing doInBackground()",
e.getCause());
} catch (CancellationException e) {
postResultIfNotInvoked(null);
}
}
};
上面看到的mWorker是一個(gè)實(shí)現(xiàn)了Callable的類,并且用一個(gè)變量保存了在執(zhí)行AsyncTask時(shí)傳入的參數(shù)
private static abstract class WorkerRunnable<Params, Result> implements Callable<Result> {
Params[] mParams;
}
上面的代碼的大概意思就是在一個(gè)子線程中調(diào)用了我們實(shí)現(xiàn)的doInBackground()方法。在FutureTask中的done()方法中有一個(gè)get()方法,作用就是獲取doInBackground()返回的數(shù)據(jù)。然后將返回的數(shù)據(jù)傳到postResult方法中:
private Result postResult(Result result) {
Message message = getHandler().obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT,
new AsyncTaskResult<Result>(this, result));
message.sendToTarget();
return result;
}
在這里可以看到AsyncTask的內(nèi)部是通過Handler來實(shí)現(xiàn)的。這里還有一個(gè)AsyncTaskResult:
private static class AsyncTaskResult<Data> {
final AsyncTask mTask;
final Data[] mData;
AsyncTaskResult(AsyncTask task, Data... data) {
mTask = task;
mData = data;
}
}
private void finish(Result result) {
if (isCancelled()) {
onCancelled(result);
} else {
onPostExecute(result);
}
mStatus = Status.FINISHED;
}
private static class InternalHandler extends Handler {
public InternalHandler() {
super(Looper.getMainLooper());
}
@SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
AsyncTaskResult<?> result = (AsyncTaskResult<?>) msg.obj;
switch (msg.what) {
case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT:
// There is only one result
result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]);
break;
case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS:
result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData);
break;
}
}
}
因?yàn)樵?code>finish()方法中需要判斷Task是否被取消,而Status是對象內(nèi)部的成員變量,所以需要保留一個(gè)AsyncTask對象和在子線程中返回的數(shù)據(jù)。
當(dāng)執(zhí)行完finish()方法之后,基本AsyncTask的內(nèi)部原理都講完了。耶??!