1. Elliptical---ellipse
having the shape of an ellipse
Kepler published his discovery of theelliptical orbitsof planets in 1609.
elliptical speechor writing is difficult to understand because more is meant than is actually said
The language is often elliptical and ambiguous.含蓄晦澀的
2.Spiralin to the sun or escape from the sun
to move in a continuous curve that gets nearer to or further from its central point as it goes round
spiral to/around etc
The damaged plane spiralled to the ground.
ifa situation spirals, it gets worse, more violent etc in a way that cannot be controlled(events spiral out of control事態(tài)失控)Crime hasspiraled out of control.
if debt or the cost of something spirals, it increases quickly in a way that cannot be controlled
in/into a spiral
Unemployment rose and the city went into a spiral of decline.
downward/upward spiral
The company is in a downward spiral.
3. refute
to prove that a statement or idea is not correct
=rebut反駁
refute a hypothesis/a claim/an idea etc
an attempt to refute Darwin's theories
to say that a statement is wrong or unfair
=deny
refute an allegation/a suggestion etc
She refuted any allegations of malpractice.
4.Crest 冠
the top or highest point of something such as a hill or a wave
crest of
It took us over an hour to reach the crest of the hill.
a special picture that is used as a sign of a family, town, school, or organization
school/family crest
be on/riding the crest of a wave ? ? ? ??to be very successful
a young film director who is on the crest of a wave at the moment
crest ??v ? ?to reach the top of a hill or mountain
They?crested?a wooded?hill?shortly before sunset.
5. postulate
同義詞:assume, hypothesize, propose, suppose,theorize.
It has been postulated that the condition is inherited.
6.Intrinsic
being part of the nature or character of someone or something
theintrinsic interestof the subject
intrinsic nature/quality/value/property of sth固有價(jià)值...
There is nothing in the intrinsic nature of the work that makes it more suitable for women.
intrinsic to內(nèi)在的
Flexibility is intrinsic to creative management.創(chuàng)新管理的本質(zhì)是靈活
>intrinsically/-kli/adv
Science is seen as intrinsically good.
6.A pulse of light ??脈沖
7.Relative velocity 相對(duì)速度
8.Assign
Assign different times and positions to the same event 得出不同結(jié)論
1)分配He assigned the most responsible jobs to experienced people.
SYNONYM 同義詞:allocate, allot, apportion, consign, dispense,distribute, give, hand over, share out.
2)指派
He assigned me to the sweeping up.大掃除。
SYNONYM 同義詞:appoint, choose, consign, delegate,designate, nominate, put down, select, specify,stipulate.
3)把…歸因于
I assign my success to pure luck.
SYNONYM 同義詞:accredit, ascribe,attribute, credit.
9.Coordinate 坐標(biāo) ???latitude ?longitude and vertical height.
10.Cone 圓錐體 ????cylinder 圓柱體
11. curvature
the state of being curved, or the degree to which something is curved
curvature of
the curvature of the Earth's surface
He suffered from curvature of the spine.
12.accord withhis idea
of sb's/sth's own accord
without being asked or forced to do something
He decided to go of his own accord.
The door seemed to move of its own accord.
be in accord with sth
These results are in accord with earlier research.
to match or agree with something
The punishments accorded with the current code of discipline.
in perfect/complete accord
It is important to the success of any firm that its partners should be in complete accord.
13.special theory of relativity狹義相對(duì)論-----general....廣義
14.Advent
the ~ of sth/sbthe approach or arrival of (an important person, event, etc) （重要人物耶穌﹑事件等的）來臨, 到來:With the advent of the new chairman, the company began to prosper.
15.sheer luck 運(yùn)氣
It issheer luckthat he survived the accident.
Sucess is not achieved bysheer luck.
16. Ether
以太(ether)是一種曾被假想的電磁波的傳播媒質(zhì)，但后來被證實(shí)并不存在。
19世紀(jì)，科學(xué)家們逐步發(fā)現(xiàn)光是一種波，而生活中的波大多需要傳播介質(zhì)（如聲波的傳遞需要借助于空氣，水波的傳播借助于水等）。受傳統(tǒng)力學(xué)思想影響，于是他們便假想宇宙到處都存在著一種稱之為以太的物質(zhì)，而正是這種物質(zhì)在光的傳播中起到了介質(zhì)的作用。
按照當(dāng)時(shí)的猜想，以太充滿整個(gè)宇宙，電磁波可在其中傳播。地球在圍繞太陽公轉(zhuǎn)，相對(duì)于以太具有一個(gè)速度v，因此如果在地球上測量光速，在不同的方向上測得的數(shù)值應(yīng)該是不同的，最大為c+v，最小為c-v(此時(shí)存在假設(shè)以太相對(duì)太陽參考系是靜止的。但即使以太相對(duì)太陽參考系不是靜止的，在不同的方向上測得的數(shù)值也應(yīng)該是不同的)。但是1881年-1884年，阿爾伯特·邁克爾遜（Albert Michelson）和愛德華·莫雷（Edward Morley）為測量地球和以太的相對(duì)速度，進(jìn)行了著名的邁克爾遜—莫雷實(shí)驗(yàn)，測量了不同方向上的光速。然而實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示，并不存在這個(gè)速度差異。這實(shí)際上證明了光速不變?cè)?，即真空中光速在任何參照系下具有相同的?shù)值，與參照系的相對(duì)速度無關(guān)，以太其實(shí)并不存在。后來又有許多實(shí)驗(yàn)支持了上面的結(jié)論。
以太說曾經(jīng)在一段歷史時(shí)期內(nèi)在人們腦中根深蒂固，深刻地左右著物理學(xué)家的思想。著名物理學(xué)家洛倫茲推導(dǎo)出了符合電磁學(xué)協(xié)變條件的洛倫茲變換公式，但無法拋棄以太的觀點(diǎn)。愛因斯坦則大膽拋棄了以太學(xué)說，認(rèn)為光速不變是基本的原理，并以此為出發(fā)點(diǎn)之一創(chuàng)立了狹義相對(duì)論。雖然后來的事實(shí)證明確實(shí)不存在以太，不過以太假說仍然在我們的生活中留下了痕跡，如以太網(wǎng)(Ethernet)等。
17.Hold（water）....成立
I'm afraid that argument doesn'tholdwater.
18.Deflect
deflect a blow.擋開一擊。
SYNONYM同義詞:avert, divert, head off, intercept, prevent, turn aside, ward off.
deflecta person's judgment
deflect sth (away) from sth
his attempts todeflect attentionaway from his private life
The committee is seeking todeflect criticismby blaming me.
to take someone's attention away from something
deflect sb from (doing) sth
Nothing can deflect me from reaching my goal.
Proportional to....同...成正比
Inversely proportional to成反比= proportional to the reciprocal of that (與倒數(shù)成正比)
光速并不是無限大的，而是有限的
Eg:離得近 ??說一起跳 ?聲速光速都可以忽略
兩個(gè)山頭說咱倆一起跳聲速有限了，那么跳也不是同時(shí)了
但是如果站在不同星系上。光速也是有限了，那么說一起跳（以某種方式傳播這個(gè)信號(hào)）得到這個(gè)信號(hào)也是很久后了
因?yàn)榘l(fā)出信息、接受信息是需要時(shí)間
我們受了時(shí)空限制
時(shí)間不是絕對(duì)
1.我這是5點(diǎn)，你那是幾點(diǎn)？ ??（時(shí)差）
2.兩個(gè)事件中的duration
How much time elapse between the two events? No longer absolute.也就是一個(gè)夜華飛出地球了，然后繞地球一周，兩年后落地，發(fā)現(xiàn)墨淵老了兩年半hhh（刨除考慮加速減速，重力場作用...）先只考慮狹義相對(duì)論
我以一半光速離開你，3天后接到你的信號(hào)
我在兩天之內(nèi)發(fā)現(xiàn)了你一天的作息，我的兩天=你的一天
需要一定時(shí)間傳給我==需要距離去傳播
時(shí)空等價(jià)
質(zhì)能守恒定律，equivalent between energy and mass
The energy is equal to the mass time ,the square ,the speed of time
物體很難超過光速。因?yàn)镋=mc方，愛因斯坦這個(gè)公式后來誕生了原子彈 ???任何有質(zhì)量的物體都有其所蘊(yùn)含的能力，當(dāng)然這個(gè)能力需要外力去激發(fā)。比如用原子去轟鐵板，當(dāng)然其質(zhì)量也會(huì)有所減少，rest mass有靜質(zhì)量動(dòng)質(zhì)量區(qū)分，relatively mass
所以時(shí)間維度空間維度是等價(jià)的（狹義相對(duì)論和質(zhì)能守恒定律的聯(lián)系）用光速不變的原理測距離，光年既是長度距離，也是時(shí)間距離，1光年即你星球與那個(gè)星球的距離有一年的時(shí)間距離。
廣義相對(duì)論與狹義相對(duì)論的主要區(qū)別是要不要考慮重力場的變化問題，重力場會(huì)對(duì)光的頻率造成影響。
光傳播無介質(zhì)“以太”
光速同地球、背地球方向是不變的以太假說光的傳播介質(zhì)，計(jì)算是就是我的速度+介質(zhì)的速度Eg:我在火車上跑，我的絕對(duì)速度=我相對(duì)速度+火車介質(zhì)速度
如果一個(gè)人乘著光速的飛船，在飛船上又發(fā)出了一束光，那么正常來說這就是兩倍光速，這是不存在的，所以光傳播介質(zhì)以太是不存在的
彎曲的時(shí)空
大質(zhì)量的星球會(huì)彎曲時(shí)空，有時(shí)候我們覺得兩點(diǎn)直線最短，而事實(shí)能走的最小距離是在彎曲時(shí)空里的直線，比如地球二維曲面（二維是經(jīng)度緯度），兩點(diǎn)間最短量是經(jīng)過兩點(diǎn)的大圈the great circle,就是指經(jīng)過地心的圓的弧度
所以加上時(shí)空，彎曲的時(shí)空最短也不是直的了，地球繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)也就是在走最短距離而非是離心力引力的平衡
光線也會(huì)彎折。 ? ?時(shí)間在遇到重物、天體時(shí)會(huì)偏慢
This article impressed me the most turns out to be the word“infinite”. The infinite universe unfold to us by physicists’exploration seems far more great than what we could comprehend, but these indeed closely bound up to our life.Time witnesses these physicists upset preconceptions, affected the future of humanity and convertedimpossible topossibilitybygroping in dark ignorance.Every discovery may shake up the root mind in our mind, it’s hard to distinguish real from wrong, let alone challenging previous so called“truth”.Iadmire their courage and persistence, even most of the time they are left high and dry, but theirrelentless search for truthstillcontinues.
Compared with the infinite world, how tiny we are and how fickle life is! Elon Musk said in an interview,“we just need to accept the probabilities, then that diminishes fear.”I do hope i can peek into a crystal ball for the future world though i might quite unsure myself.Life is short, but full of infinite possibilities, we are obliged to do something meaningful with courage and hope.
誒一寫簡書就覺得好對(duì)不起carrie姐近期都沒有好好讀書O__O "…
