virt-install 命令說明
1、命令作用
建立（provision）新虛擬機(jī)
2、語法
virt-install [選項(xiàng)]...
3、說明（DESCRIPTION）
virt-install是一個(gè)使用“l(fā)ibvirt” hypervisor 管理庫構(gòu)建新虛擬機(jī)的命令行工具，此工具使用串行控制臺(tái)，SDL（Simple DirectMedia Layer）圖形或者VNC客戶端/服務(wù)器，
支持基于命令行和圖形安裝。所建立的客戶機(jī)（在虛擬化中，把運(yùn)行運(yùn)行虛擬機(jī)服務(wù)器稱為host，把虛擬機(jī)稱為guest）能夠配置使用一個(gè)或多個(gè)虛擬磁盤、網(wǎng)卡、音頻設(shè)備和物理
主機(jī)設(shè)備（USB、PCI）
virt-install is a command line tool for provisioning new virtual machines using the "libvirt" hypervisor management library. The tool supports
both text based & graphical installations, using serial console, SDL graphics or a VNC client/server pair. The guest can be configured to use
one or more virtual disks, network interfaces, audio devices, and physical host devices (USB, PCI).
安裝媒介可以本地或基于NFS、HTTP、FTP服務(wù)器遠(yuǎn)程連接，基于后者，virt-install將提取必要的最小限度的文件開始安裝過程，在安裝過程中，允許客戶機(jī)根據(jù)需要提取其他的
文件，也支持PXE引導(dǎo)和導(dǎo)入已有的磁盤映像（此操作跳過安裝階段）。
The installation media can be held locally or remotely on NFS, HTTP, FTP servers. In the latter case "virt-install" will fetch the minimal
files necessary to kick off the installation process, allowing the guest to fetch the rest of the OS distribution as needed. PXE booting, and
importing an existing disk image (thus skipping the install phase) are also supported.
給予適合的命令行變量，“virt-install”具有完全無人值守安裝的能力，這允許更容易的客戶機(jī)自動(dòng)化安裝。本工具也支持交互模式通過提供 --prompt選項(xiàng)，但是這種方式只要求
最小的必要選項(xiàng)。
Given suitable command line arguments, "virt-install" is capable of running completely unattended, with the guest ’kickstarting’ itself too.
This allows for easy automation of guest installs. An interactive mode is also available with the --prompt option, but this will only ask for
the minimum required options.
4、選項(xiàng)（OPTIONS）
大部分選項(xiàng)不是必須的。
最小的需求是： --name --ram ,存儲(chǔ)選項(xiàng)（--disk --nodisk）以及一個(gè)安裝選項(xiàng)。
Most options are not required. Minimum requirements are --name, --ram, guest storage (--disk or --nodisks), and an install option.
-h, --help
顯示幫助信息并退出
Show the help message and exit
--connect=CONNECT
連接到一個(gè)非默認(rèn)hypervisor，選擇默認(rèn)鏈接基于以下規(guī)則：
Connect to a non-default hypervisor. The default connection is chosen based on the following rules:
xen If running on a host with the Xen kernel (checks against /proc/xen)
qemu:///system
If running on a bare metal kernel as root (needed for KVM installs)
qemu:///session
If running on a bare metal kernel as non-root
只有在上述默認(rèn)優(yōu)先級(jí)不正確時(shí)才有必要提供“--connect”參數(shù)，例如如果想要在Xen內(nèi)核上使用qemu。
It is only necessary to provide the "--connect" argument if this default prioritization is incorrect, eg if wanting to use QEMU while on
a Xen kernel.
5、通用選項(xiàng)（General Options）
通用配置參數(shù)適用于所有類型客戶機(jī)安裝。
General configuration parameters that apply to all types of guest installs.
-n NAME, --name=NAME
新客戶虛擬機(jī)實(shí)例名字，在連接的hypervisor已知的所有虛擬機(jī)中必須唯一，包括那些當(dāng)前未活動(dòng)的虛擬機(jī)。想要重新定義一個(gè)已存在的虛擬機(jī)，在運(yùn)行‘virt-install’之前
使用virsh工具關(guān)閉（‘virsh shutdown’）和刪除（‘virsh undefine’）此虛擬機(jī)。
Name of the new guest virtual machine instance. This must be unique amongst all guests known to the hypervisor on the connection, including
those not currently active. To re-define an existing guest, use the virsh(1) tool to shut it down (’virsh shutdown’) & delete (’virsh
undefine’) it prior to running "virt-install".
-r MEMORY, --ram=MEMORY
以M為單位指定分配給虛擬機(jī)的內(nèi)存大小，如果hypervisor沒有足夠的可用內(nèi)存，它通常自動(dòng)從主機(jī)操作系統(tǒng)使用的內(nèi)存中獲取，以滿足此操作分配需要。
Memory to allocate for guest instance in megabytes. If the hypervisor does not have enough free memory, it is usual for it to automatically
take memory away from the host operating system to satisfy this allocation.
--arch=ARCH
為虛擬機(jī)請求一個(gè)非本地CPU架構(gòu)，這個(gè)選項(xiàng)當(dāng)前只對qemu客戶機(jī)有效，但是不能夠使用加速機(jī)制。如果忽略，在虛擬機(jī)中將使用主機(jī)CPU架構(gòu)。
Request a non-native CPU architecture for the guest virtual machine. The option is only currently available with QEMU guests, and will not
enable use of acceleration. If omitted, the host CPU architecture will be used in the guest.
-u UUID, --uuid=UUID
虛擬機(jī)的唯一編號(hào)；如果沒有指定，將生成一個(gè)隨機(jī)UUID。如果指定，應(yīng)當(dāng)使用一個(gè)32為的十六進(jìn)制數(shù)字。UUID保證跨整個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)中心甚至世界的唯一性，在手工指定
UUID時(shí)這一點(diǎn)要記住。
UUID for the guest; if none is given a random UUID will be generated. If you specify UUID, you should use a 32-digit hexadecimal number. UUID
are intended to be unique across the entire data center, and indeed world. Bear this in mind if manually specifying a UUID
--vcpus=VCPUS
虛擬機(jī)的虛擬CPU數(shù)。不是所有hypervisor都支持SMP虛擬機(jī)，在這種情況下這個(gè)變量將被忽略。
Number of virtual cpus to configure for the guest. Not all hypervisors support SMP guests, in which case this argument will be silently
ignored
--check-cpu
檢查指定的虛擬CPU數(shù)不要超過無論CPU，如果超過將返回警告信息。
Check that the number virtual cpus requested does not exceed physical CPUs and warn if they do.
--cpuset=CPUSET
設(shè)置哪個(gè)物理CPU能夠被虛擬機(jī)使用。“CPUSET”是一個(gè)逗號(hào)分隔數(shù)字列表，也可以指定范圍，例如：
Set which physical cpus the guest can use. "CPUSET" is a comma separated list of numbers, which can also be specified in ranges. Example:
0,2,3,5 : Use processors 0,2,3 and 5 --使用0，2，3 和5 處理器
1-3,5,6-8 : Use processors 1,2,3,5,6,7 and 8 --使用1，2，3，5，6，7，8處理器
如果此參數(shù)值為‘a(chǎn)uto’，virt-install將使用NUMA（非一致性內(nèi)存訪問）數(shù)據(jù)試圖自動(dòng)確定一個(gè)優(yōu)化的CPU定位。
If the value ’auto’ is passed, virt-install attempts to automatically determine an optimal cpu pinning using NUMA data, if available.
--os-type=OS_TYPE
針對一類操作系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化虛擬機(jī)配置（例如：‘Linux’，‘windows’），這將試圖選擇最適合的ACPI與APIC設(shè)置，支持優(yōu)化鼠標(biāo)驅(qū)動(dòng)，virtio以及通常適應(yīng)其他操作系統(tǒng)特性。
參見"--os-variant" 選項(xiàng)
Optimize the guest configuration for a type of operating system (ex. ’linux’, ’windows’). This will attempt to pick the most suitable ACPI &
APIC settings, optimally supported mouse drivers, virtio, and generally accommodate other operating system quirks. See "--os-variant" for
valid options.
--os-variant=OS_VARIANT
針對特定操作系統(tǒng)變體（例如’fedora8’, ’winxp’）進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化虛擬機(jī)配置，這個(gè)參數(shù)是可選的并且不需要與 "--os-type"選項(xiàng)并用，有效值包括：
Further optimize the guest configuration for a specific operating system variant (ex. ’fedora8’, ’winxp’). This parameter is optional, and
does not require an "--os-type" to be specified. Valid values are:
linux
debianetch
Debian Etch
debianlenny
Debian Lenny
fedora5
Fedora Core 5
fedora6
Fedora Core 6
fedora7
Fedora 7
fedora8
Fedora 8
fedora9
Fedora 9
fedora10
Fedora 10
fedora11
Fedora 11
fedora12
Fedora 12
generic24
Generic 2.4.x kernel
generic26
Generic 2.6.x kernel
virtio26
Generic 2.6.25 or later kernel with virtio
rhel2.1
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 2.1
rhel3
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3
rhel4
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4
rhel5
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5
rhel5.4
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.4 or later
rhel6
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
sles10
Suse Linux Enterprise Server
ubuntuhardy
Ubuntu 8.04 LTS (Hardy Heron)
ubuntuintrepid
Ubuntu 8.10 (Intrepid Ibex)
ubuntujaunty
Ubuntu 9.04 (Jaunty Jackalope)
other
generic
Generic
msdos
MS-DOS
netware4
Novell Netware 4
netware5
Novell Netware 5
netware6
Novell Netware 6
solaris
opensolaris
Sun OpenSolaris
solaris10
Sun Solaris 10
solaris9
Sun Solaris 9
unix
freebsd6
Free BSD 6.x
freebsd7
Free BSD 7.x
openbsd4
Open BSD 4.x
windows
vista
Microsoft Windows Vista
win2k
Microsoft Windows 2000
win2k3
Microsoft Windows 2003
win2k8
Microsoft Windows 2008
winxp
Microsoft Windows XP (x86)
winxp64
Microsoft Windows XP (x86_64)
--host-device=HOSTDEV
附加一個(gè)物理主機(jī)設(shè)備到客戶機(jī)。HOSTDEV是隨著libvirt使用的一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)設(shè)備名（具體設(shè)備如’virsh nodedev-list’的顯示的結(jié)果）
Attach a physical host device to the guest. HOSTDEV is a node device name as used by libvirt (as shown by ’virsh nodedev-list’).
6、完全虛擬化特定選項(xiàng)（Full Virtualization specific options）
在完全虛擬化客戶機(jī)安裝時(shí)的特定參數(shù)。
Parameters specific only to fully virtualized guest installs.
--sound
附加一個(gè)虛擬音頻設(shè)備到客戶機(jī)
Attach a virtual audio device to the guest.
--noapic
覆蓋操作系統(tǒng)類型/變體使APIC（Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller）設(shè)置對全虛擬化無效。
Override the OS type / variant to disables the APIC setting for fully virtualized guest.
--noacpi
覆蓋操作系統(tǒng)類型/變體使ACPI（Advanced Configuration and Power Interface）設(shè)置對全虛擬化無效。
Override the OS type / variant to disables the ACPI setting for fully virtualized guest.
7、虛擬化類型選項(xiàng)（Virtualization Type options）
這些選項(xiàng)覆蓋默認(rèn)虛擬化類型選擇。
Options to override the default virtualization type choices.
-v, --hvm
如果在主機(jī)上全虛擬化和para 虛擬化（para-irtualization如何解釋還沒有定論，有人稱之為半虛擬化），請求使用全虛擬化（full virtualization）。如果在
一個(gè)沒有硬件虛擬化支持的機(jī)器上連接Xen hypervisor，這個(gè)參數(shù)不可用，這個(gè)參數(shù)意指連接到一個(gè)基于qemu的hypervisor。
Request the use of full virtualization, if both para & full virtualization are available on the host. This parameter may not be available if
connecting to a Xen hypervisor on a machine without hardware virtualization support. This parameter is implied if connecting to a QEMU based
hypervisor.
-p, --paravirt
這個(gè)參數(shù)意指構(gòu)建一個(gè)paravirtualized客戶機(jī)。如何主機(jī)既支持para又支持 full虛擬化，并且既沒有指定本選項(xiàng)也沒有指定"--hvm"選項(xiàng)，這個(gè)選項(xiàng)是假定選項(xiàng)。
This guest should be a paravirtualized guest. If the host supports both para & full virtualization, and neither this parameter nor the "--hvm"
are specified, this will be assumed.
--accelerate
當(dāng)安裝QEMU客戶機(jī)時(shí)，如果支持可用KVM或KQEMU內(nèi)核加速能力。除非一個(gè)客戶機(jī)操作系統(tǒng)不兼容加速，這個(gè)選項(xiàng)是推薦最好加上。如果KVM和KQEMU都支持，KVM加速
器優(yōu)先使用。
When installing a QEMU guest, make use of the KVM or KQEMU kernel acceleration capabilities if available. Use of this option is recommended
unless a guest OS is known to be incompatible with the accelerators. The KVM accelerator is preferred over KQEMU if both are available.
8、安裝方法選項(xiàng)（Installation Method options）
-c CDROM, --cdrom=CDROM
對應(yīng)全虛擬化客戶機(jī)，文件或設(shè)備作為一個(gè)虛擬化CD-ROM設(shè)備使用，可以是ISO映像路徑或者一個(gè)CDROM設(shè)備，它也可以是一個(gè)能夠提取/訪問最小引導(dǎo)ISO映像的URL，
URL使用與在 "--location" 選項(xiàng)中說明的相同的格式。如果一個(gè)CDROM已經(jīng)通過 "--disk"選項(xiàng)指定，并且 "--cdrom"和其他任何選項(xiàng)都沒有指定，"--disk" cdrom
將作為安裝媒介使用。
File or device use as a virtual CD-ROM device for fully virtualized guests. It can be path to an ISO image, or to a CDROM device. It can also
be a URL from which to fetch/access a minimal boot ISO image. The URLs take the same format as described for the "--location" argument. If a
cdrom has been specified via the "--disk" option, and neither "--cdrom" nor any other install option is specified, the "--disk" cdrom is used
as the install media.
-l LOCATION, --location=LOCATION
客戶虛擬機(jī)kernel+initrd 安裝源。LOCATION使用以下格式：
Installation source for guest virtual machine kernel+initrd pair. The "LOCATION" can take one of the following forms:
DIRECTORY
指向一個(gè)包含可安裝發(fā)行版映像的目錄。
Path to a local directory containing an installable distribution image
nfs:host:/path or nfs://host/path
指向包含可安裝發(fā)行版映像的NFS服務(wù)器位置。
An NFS server location containing an installable distribution image
http://host/path
指向包含可安裝發(fā)行版映像的http服務(wù)器位置。
An HTTP server location containing an installable distribution image
ftp://host/path
指向包含可安裝發(fā)行版映像的FTP服務(wù)器位置。
An FTP server location containing an installable distribution image
下面是指定幾個(gè)特定發(fā)行版url的例子：
Some distro specific url samples:
Fedora/Red Hat Based
http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/releases/10/Fedora/i386/os/
Debian/Ubuntu
http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/dists/etch/main/installer-amd64/
Suse
http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/11.0/repo/oss/
Mandriva
ftp://ftp.uwsg.indiana.edu/linux/mandrake/official/2009.0/i586/
--pxe
使用PXE（preboot execute environment）加載初始ramdisk 和 kernel，從而起動(dòng)客戶機(jī)安裝過程。
Use the PXE boot protocol to load the initial ramdisk and kernel for starting the guest installation process.
--import
跳過操作系統(tǒng)安裝過程，圍繞一個(gè)存在的磁盤映像建立客戶機(jī)。引導(dǎo)使用的設(shè)備是通過"--disk" or "--file"指定的第一個(gè)設(shè)備。
Skip the OS installation process, and build a guest around an existing disk image. The device used for booting is the first device specified
via "--disk" or "--file".
--livecd
指定安裝媒介是一個(gè)可引導(dǎo)操作系統(tǒng)CD（A live CD, live DVD, or live disc is a CD or DVD containing a bootable computer operating system），因此需要
將虛擬機(jī)配置成永不從CDROM引導(dǎo)。這也許需要與"--nodisks" 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)組合使用。
Specify that the installation media is a live CD and thus the guest needs to be configured to boot off the CDROM device permanently. It may be
desirable to also use the "--nodisks" flag in combination.
-x EXTRA, --extra-args=EXTRA
當(dāng)執(zhí)行從"--location"選項(xiàng)指定位置的客戶機(jī)安裝時(shí)，附加內(nèi)核命令行參數(shù)到安裝程序。
Additional kernel command line arguments to pass to the installer when performing a guest install from "--location".
9、存儲(chǔ)配置選項(xiàng)（Storage Configuration）
--disk=DISKOPTS
用不同的選項(xiàng)，指定作為客戶機(jī)存儲(chǔ)的媒介。通常的磁盤串格式是：
Specifies media to use as storage for the guest, with various options. The general format of a disk string is
--disk opt1=val1,opt2=val2,...
要知道媒介，必須提供下面選項(xiàng)其中之一：
To specify media, one of the following options is required:
path
要使用的一個(gè)指向某些存在后不存在存儲(chǔ)媒介的路徑。存在的媒介可以是文件或塊設(shè)備。如在遠(yuǎn)程主機(jī)安裝，存在的媒介必須被共享為一個(gè)libvirt存儲(chǔ)卷。
A path to some storage media to use, existing or not. Existing media can be a file or block device. If installing on a remote host, the
existing media must be shared as a libvirt storage volume.
指定一個(gè)不存在的路徑意指試圖建立一個(gè)新的存儲(chǔ)，并且需要知道一個(gè)‘size’值。如果路徑的基目錄是一個(gè)在主機(jī)上的libvirt存儲(chǔ)池，新存儲(chǔ)將被建立為一個(gè)
libvirt存儲(chǔ)卷。對于遠(yuǎn)程主機(jī)，如果使用此方法，基目錄需要是一個(gè)存儲(chǔ)池。
Specifying a non-existent path implies attempting to create the new storage, and will require specifyng a ’size’ value. If the base
directory of the path is a libvirt storage pool on the host, the new storage will be created as a libvirt storage volume. For remote
hosts, the base directory is required to be a storage pool if using this method.
pool
一個(gè)要在其上建立新存儲(chǔ)的已有的libvirt存儲(chǔ)池名，需要指定一個(gè)‘size’值。
An existing libvirt storage pool name to create new storage on. Requires specifying a ’size’ value.
vol
要使用的一個(gè)已有的libvirt存儲(chǔ)卷，指定格式類似’poolname/volname’
An existing libvirt storage volume to use. This is specified as ’poolname/volname’.
10、其他可用選項(xiàng)（Other available options）
device
磁盤設(shè)備類型。取值是’cdrom’, ’disk’, or ’floppy’，默認(rèn)為 ’disk’。如果’cdrom’作為指定值并且沒有選擇安裝方法，cdrom將被作為安裝媒介。
Disk device type. Value can be ’cdrom’, ’disk’, or ’floppy’. Default is ’disk’. If a ’cdrom’ is specified, and no install method is
chosen, the cdrom is used as the install media.
bus
磁盤總線類型，取值是’ide’, ’scsi’,’usb’, ’virtio’ 或 ’xen’，由于不是所有的hypervisor對所有總線類型都支持，因此默認(rèn)值為依賴于所使用的hypervisor。
Disk bus type. Value can be ’ide’, ’scsi’, ’usb’, ’virtio’ or ’xen’. The default is hypervisor dependent since not all hypervisors
support all bus types.
perms
磁盤權(quán)限，取值為’rw’ (讀/寫), ’ro’ (只讀), or ’sh’ (共享 讀/寫)，默認(rèn)值為’rw'
Disk permissions. Value can be ’rw’ (Read/Write), ’ro’ (Readonly), or ’sh’ (Shared Read/Write). Default is ’rw’
size
以GB為單位的新建存儲(chǔ)大小。
size (in GB) to use if creating new storage
sparse
指定建立的存儲(chǔ)是否跳過完全分配。取值為 ’true’ 或 ’false’。
whether to skip fully allocating newly created storage. Value is ’true’ or ’false’. Default is ’true’ (do not fully allocate).
--所謂的完全分配是指在建立文件后即分配給其規(guī)定的所有空間，所謂的sparse是指根據(jù)使用情況逐漸增加空間。
初始時(shí)對客戶機(jī)虛擬磁盤采用全分配策略（sparse=false）通常在客戶機(jī)內(nèi)部通過提供更快的安裝時(shí)間獲得平衡。因此在主機(jī)文件系統(tǒng)可能被填滿時(shí)推薦使用
此選項(xiàng)以確保高性能和避免I/O錯(cuò)誤。
The initial time taken to fully-allocate the guest virtual disk (spare=false) will be usually by balanced by faster install times inside
the guest. Thus use of this option is recommended to ensure consistently high performance and to avoid I/O errors in the guest should the
host filesystem fill up.
cache
使用緩存模式，，主機(jī)頁面緩存提供內(nèi)存緩存。此選項(xiàng)取值包括’none’, ’writethrough’, 或 ’writeback’， ’writethrough’提供讀緩存，’writeback’提供
讀和寫緩存。
The cache mode to be used. The host pagecache provides cache memory. The cache value can be ’none’, ’writethrough’, or ’writeback’.
’writethrough’ provides read caching. ’writeback’ provides read and write caching.
參加例子一節(jié)中的一些使用。這個(gè)選項(xiàng)屏蔽 "--file", "--file-size"和 "--nonsparse"選項(xiàng)。
See the examples section for some uses. This option deprecates "--file", "--file-size", and "--nonsparse".
-f DISKFILE, --file=DISKFILE
指向作為客戶機(jī)虛擬磁盤后臺(tái)存儲(chǔ)的文件、磁盤分區(qū)或邏輯卷。這個(gè)選項(xiàng)與"--disk"選項(xiàng)指定一個(gè)即可。
Path to the file, disk partition, or logical volume to use as the backing store for the guest’s virtual disk. This option is deprecated in
favor of "--disk".
-s DISKSIZE, --file-size=DISKSIZE
作為客戶機(jī)虛擬磁盤的文件大小。這個(gè)選項(xiàng)不能與"--disk"選項(xiàng)同時(shí)使用。
Size of the file to create for the guest virtual disk. This is deprecated in favor of "--disk".
--nonsparse
指定在建立存儲(chǔ)時(shí)機(jī)分配全部空間。這個(gè)選項(xiàng)不能與"--disk"選項(xiàng)同時(shí)使用。
Fully allocate the storage when creating. This is deprecated in favort of "--disk"
--nodisks
請求一個(gè)沒有任何本地磁盤存儲(chǔ)的虛擬機(jī)，典型應(yīng)用在運(yùn)行’Live CD’映像或安裝到網(wǎng)絡(luò)存儲(chǔ)（iSCSI或NFS root）時(shí)。
Request a virtual machine without any local disk storage, typically used for running ’Live CD’ images or installing to network storage (iSCSI
or NFS root).
12、網(wǎng)絡(luò)配置選項(xiàng)（Networking Configuration）
-w NETWORK, --network=NETWORK
連接客戶機(jī)到主機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。"NETWORK"可采用一下任何一種值：
Connect the guest to the host network. The value for "NETWORK" can take one of 3 formats:
bridge:BRIDGE
連接到主機(jī)上名稱為"BRIDGE"的橋接設(shè)備。如果主機(jī)具有靜態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)配置和客戶機(jī)需要與局域網(wǎng)進(jìn)行全面的入站出站連接時(shí)使用此選項(xiàng)。在客戶機(jī)使用在線遷移時(shí)也
使用此選項(xiàng)。
Connect to a bridge device in the host called "BRIDGE". Use this option if the host has static networking config & the guest requires full
outbound and inbound connectivity to/from the LAN. Also use this if live migration will be used with this guest.
network:NAME
連接到主機(jī)上名稱為"NAME"的虛擬網(wǎng)絡(luò)。虛擬網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以使用"virsh"命令行工具列出、建立和刪除。未經(jīng)修改的“l(fā)ibvirt”安裝通常有一個(gè)名字為“default”的虛擬
網(wǎng)絡(luò)。在主機(jī)使用動(dòng)態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)或無線網(wǎng)時(shí)使用虛擬網(wǎng)絡(luò)。任何一個(gè)連接活動(dòng)時(shí)客戶機(jī)將通過地址轉(zhuǎn)換將連接請求轉(zhuǎn)到局域網(wǎng)。
Connect to a virtual network in the host called "NAME". Virtual networks can be listed, created, deleted using the "virsh" command line
tool. In an unmodified install of "libvirt" there is usually a virtual network with a name of "default". Use a virtual network if the host
has dynamic networking (eg NetworkManager), or using wireless. The guest will be NATed to the LAN by whichever connection is active.
user
使用SLIRP連接到局域網(wǎng)。只有沒有特權(quán)的用戶運(yùn)行一個(gè)QEMU客戶機(jī)時(shí)才使用本選項(xiàng)。這種方法從網(wǎng)絡(luò)地址轉(zhuǎn)換（NAT）提供了非常有限的方式。
Connect to the LAN using SLIRP. Only use this if running a QEMU guest as an unprivileged user. This provides a very limited form of NAT.
如果忽略此選項(xiàng)，將在客戶機(jī)中建立一個(gè)單網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口卡（NIC），如果在主機(jī)中有一個(gè)與物理網(wǎng)卡綁定的橋接設(shè)備，將用此設(shè)備進(jìn)行網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接。做不到這一點(diǎn)，被成之為
"default"的虛擬網(wǎng)絡(luò)將被使用。這個(gè)選項(xiàng)可以被指定多次從而設(shè)置多個(gè)網(wǎng)卡。
If this option is omitted a single NIC will be created in the guest. If there is a bridge device in the host with a physical interface
enslaved, that will be used for connectivity. Failing that, the virtual network called "default" will be used. This option can be specified
multiple times to setup more than one NIC.
-b BRIDGE, --bridge=BRIDGE
指定連接客戶機(jī)網(wǎng)卡的橋接設(shè)備。這個(gè)參數(shù)不能與 "--network"選項(xiàng)共同使用。指定
Bridge device to connect the guest NIC to. This parameter is deprecated in favour of the "--network" parameter.
-m MAC, --mac=MAC
指定客戶機(jī)網(wǎng)卡物理地址；如果忽略這個(gè)參數(shù)或者指定了值"RANDOM"，將隨機(jī)產(chǎn)生一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)牡刂贰?yīng)基于Xen的虛擬機(jī)，物理地址中最先的3對必須是’00:16:3e’，
而QEMU或KVM虛擬機(jī)必須是’54:52:00’。
Fixed MAC address for the guest; If this parameter is omitted, or the value "RANDOM" is specified a suitable address will be randomly
generated. For Xen virtual machines it is required that the first 3 pairs in the MAC address be the sequence ’00:16:3e’, while for QEMU or KVM
virtual machines it must be ’54:52:00’.
--nonetworks
請求一個(gè)沒有任何網(wǎng)卡的虛擬機(jī)。
Request a virtual machine without any network interfaces.
13、圖形化配置（Graphics Configuration）
如果沒有指定圖形選項(xiàng)，在DISPLAY環(huán)境變量已經(jīng)設(shè)置的情況下，"virt-install" 將默認(rèn)使用--vnc選項(xiàng)，否則將使用--nographics選項(xiàng)。
If no graphics option is specified, "virt-install" will default to --vnc if the DISPLAY environment variable is set, otherwise --nographics is
used.
--vnc
在客戶機(jī)中設(shè)置一個(gè)虛擬控制臺(tái)并且將其導(dǎo)出為一個(gè)VNC服務(wù)。除非"--vncport" 參數(shù)也已提供，VNC服務(wù)將運(yùn)行在5900或其之上第一個(gè)未用的端口號(hào)。實(shí)際的VNC顯示
可以使用"virsh"的"vncdisplay"命令（或者使用virt-viewer處理這個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)）。
Setup a virtual console in the guest and export it as a VNC server in the host. Unless the "--vncport" parameter is also provided, the VNC
server will run on the first free port number at 5900 or above. The actual VNC display allocated can be obtained using the "vncdisplay"
command to "virsh" (or virt-viewer(1) can be used which handles this detail for the use).
--vncport=VNCPORT
為客戶機(jī)VNC控制臺(tái)請求一個(gè)永久、靜態(tài)的指定端口號(hào)。當(dāng)其他客戶機(jī)自動(dòng)選擇端口號(hào)時(shí)不鼓勵(lì)使用此選項(xiàng)，因?yàn)榭赡墚a(chǎn)生沖突。
Request a permanent, statically assigned port number for the guest VNC console. Use of this option is discouraged as other guests may
automatically choose to run on this port causing a clash.
--sdl
在客戶機(jī)中設(shè)置一個(gè)虛擬控制臺(tái)并且在主機(jī)中顯示一個(gè)SDL窗口來呈現(xiàn)輸出。如果SDL窗口被關(guān)閉，客戶機(jī)將被無條件終止。
Setup a virtual console in the guest and display an SDL window in the host to render the output. If the SDL window is closed the guest may be
unconditionally terminated.
--nographics
指定沒有控制臺(tái)被分配給客戶機(jī)。全虛擬化客戶機(jī)（Xen FV或者QEMU/KVM）將需要在客戶機(jī)第一個(gè)串口有一個(gè)文本控制臺(tái)配置（這可以通過--extra-args選項(xiàng)實(shí)現(xiàn)）。
Xen PV將自動(dòng)進(jìn)行設(shè)置。命令’virsh console NAME’被用來連接串行設(shè)備。
No graphical console will be allocated for the guest. Fully virtualized guests (Xen FV or QEmu/KVM) will need to have a text console
configured on the first serial port in the guest (this can be done via the --extra-args option). Xen PV will set this up automatically. The
command ’virsh console NAME’ can be used to connect to the serial device.
--noautoconsole
使用本選項(xiàng)指定不自動(dòng)試圖連接到客戶機(jī)控制臺(tái)。默認(rèn)行為是調(diào)用一個(gè)VNC客戶端顯示圖形控制臺(tái)，或者運(yùn)行 "virsh" "console"命令顯示文本控制臺(tái)。
Don’t automatically try to connect to the guest console. The default behaviour is to launch a VNC client to display the graphical console, or
to run the "virsh" "console" command to display the text console. Use of this parameter will disable this behaviour.
-k KEYMAP, --keymap=KEYMAP
請求將虛擬VNC控制臺(tái)配置為非英語鍵盤布局。
Request that the virtual VNC console be configured to run with a non-English keyboard layout.
14、Miscellaneous Options
-d, --debug
在安裝過程中，打印調(diào)試信息到終端。即使忽略此選項(xiàng)，調(diào)試信息也保存在當(dāng)前用戶home目錄下的.virtinst/virt-install.log文件中。
Print debugging information to the terminal when running the install process. The debugging information is also stored in
"$HOME/.virtinst/virt-install.log" even if this parameter is omitted.
--noreboot
防止域（虛擬機(jī)）在安裝完成后自動(dòng)重啟。
Prevent the domain from automatically rebooting after the install has completed.
--wait=WAIT
設(shè)置以分鐘為單位的等待虛擬機(jī)完成其安裝的時(shí)間。沒有這個(gè)的選項(xiàng)，virt-install將等待控制臺(tái)關(guān)閉（不必要指示客戶機(jī)已經(jīng)關(guān)閉），或者在--noautoconsole選項(xiàng)
指定的情況下，簡單地開始安裝并退出。任何負(fù)值將使virt-install無限等待，0值將觸發(fā)與--noauotoconsole選項(xiàng)相同的結(jié)果。如果超出時(shí)間限制，virt-install只是
簡單的退出，保留虛擬機(jī)在其當(dāng)前狀態(tài)。
Amount of time to wait (in minutes) for a VM to complete its install. Without this option, virt-install will wait for the console to close
(not neccessarily indicating the guest has shutdown), or in the case of --noautoconsole, simply kick off the install and exit. Any negative
value will make virt-install wait indefinitely, a value of 0 triggers the same results as noautoconsole. If the time limit is exceeded, virt-
install simply exits, leaving the virtual machine in its current state.
--force
防止交互式提示。如果預(yù)期的提示為是/否，總是回答是。對應(yīng)任何其他提示，應(yīng)用將退出。
Prevent interactive prompts. If the intended prompt was a yes/no prompt, always say yes. For any other prompts, the application will exit.
--prompt
提供交互模式，提示選擇和輸入建立虛擬機(jī)必要的信息。默認(rèn)情況下提示功能是關(guān)閉的。
Specifically enable prompting for required information. Default prompting is off (as of virtinst 0.400.0)
15、例子（EXAMPLES）
Install a KVM guest, creating a new storage file, virtual networking, booting from the host CDROM, using VNC server/viewer
# virt-install \
--connect qemu:///system \
--name demo \
--ram 500 \
--disk path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/demo.img,size=5 \
--network network:default \
--accelerate \
--vnc \
--cdrom /dev/cdrom
Install a Fedora 9 KVM guest, using LVM partition, virtual networking, booting from PXE, using VNC server/viewer
# virt-install \
--connect qemu:///system \
--name demo \
--ram 500 \
--disk path=/dev/HostVG/DemoVM \
--network network:default \
--accelerate \
--vnc \
--os-variant fedora9
Install a QEMU guest, with a real partition, for a different architecture using SDL graphics, using a remote kernel and initrd pair:
# virt-install \
--connect qemu:///system \
--name demo \
--ram 500 \
--disk path=/dev/hdc \
--network bridge:eth1 \
--arch ppc64 \
--arch ppc64 \
--sdl \
--location http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/fedora/linux/core/6/x86_64/os/
Run a Live CD image under Xen fullyvirt, in diskless environment
# virt-install \
--hvm \
--name demo \
--ram 500 \
--nodisks \
--livecd \
--vnc \
--cdrom /root/fedora7live.iso
Install a paravirtualized Xen guest, 500 MB of RAM, a 5 GB of disk, and Fedora Core 6 from a web server, in text-only mode, with old style
--file options:
# virt-install \
--paravirt \
--name demo \
--ram 500 \
--file /var/lib/xen/images/demo.img \
--file-size 6 \
--nographics \
--location http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/fedora/linux/core/6/x86_64/os/
Create a guest from an existing disk image ’mydisk.img’ using defaults for the rest of the options.
# virt-install \
--name demo
--ram 512
--disk path=/home/user/VMs/mydisk.img
--import
