說起美國的往事,就不得不提五月花號。

五月花號并非是從英國移民北美的第一艘船只,但卻是英國移民行駛北美的一艘最為著名的船只。在前往新大陸之前,他原本是一艘進(jìn)行商業(yè)貿(mào)易的貨船,主要來往于英國和法國以及挪威,德國,西班牙等其他歐洲國家之間。全船乘客共計105名。其中分離派教徒35名。14名契約奴,其余均為工匠,漁民,貧苦農(nóng)民。
清教徒分離主義派是英國清教中最激進(jìn)的一派,由于長期受到英國國教的殘酷與迫害。在1608年,其中一部分教徒?jīng)Q定離開英國到荷蘭,遷居北美。在大西洋的風(fēng)浪里顛簸了五個多月,終于到達(dá)了北美。在登陸之前,由分離派領(lǐng)袖在船艙內(nèi)主持制定了第一個共同遵守的《五月花號公約》,其中有41名自由的成年男子在上面簽字。這份公約奠定了新英格蘭諸洲自治政府的基礎(chǔ),自此開放了一個自我管理的社會結(jié)構(gòu),這在神權(quán)和王權(quán)統(tǒng)治的年代暗示了許多民主的信念。
原文
TheMayflower Compact
Having
undertaken, for the Glory of God, and advancements of the Christian
faith and honor of our King and Country, a voyage to plant the first
colony in the Northern parts of Virginia, do by these presents, solemnly
and mutually, in the presence of God, and one another, covenant and
combine ourselves together into a civil body politic; for our better
ordering, and preservation and furtherance of the ends aforesaid; and by
virtue hereof to enact, constitute, and frame, such just and equal
laws, ordinances, acts, constitutions, and offices, from time to time,
as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the general good of the
colony; unto which we promise all due submission and obedience.
In witness whereof we have hereunto subscribed our names at Cape Cod the 11th of November, in the year of the reign of our Sovereign Lord King James, of England, France, and Ireland, the eighteenth, and of Scotland the fifty-fourth, 1620.[2]