Visions of the Future | A group of prominent architects discuss their forecasts for the decades ahead
We will see the emergence of intelligent buildings that can signal dynamically what is going on within.
我們將會(huì)看看會(huì)發(fā)生什么，那些動(dòng)態(tài)信號(hào)的智能建筑將會(huì)涌現(xiàn)出來(lái)。
My phrase for the civilization we now live in is post–Fordist network society. Architecture needs to converge around ideas for this new era—the paradigm of parametricism—as it did around Modernism in the 20th century. We need to enhance the capacity of the discipline, not only in terms of technological sophistication, but also by taking a more scientific approach with respect to social processes.
我對(duì)文明的概括是我們現(xiàn)在生存在后福特時(shí)代的網(wǎng)絡(luò)社會(huì)。建筑學(xué)需要聚合在一個(gè)新時(shí)代的理念下——參數(shù)化理論和觀念范式下——如同現(xiàn)代主義在20世紀(jì)中的作用一樣。我們必須加強(qiáng)學(xué)科的能力，不僅是在于技術(shù)的高深成熟，而且是關(guān)于對(duì)社會(huì)進(jìn)程的更多科學(xué)系統(tǒng)的方法。
Cities will be the superbrains of our civilization. Enhanced research-and-development activity means that people will have to network and communicate all the time, and so we will make cities that are dense, open, permeable,and mixed. Each building is a device that invites, structures, and frames interactions, and so the primary task of future architects will be communication design. At the same time, the division of labor into specialisms will continue. Architects will be in charge of the overall layout, aesthetic articulation, and semiology of a building, but they will distribute all technical elements to others, including engineers, programmers, and contractors.
城市將會(huì)是我們文明的超級(jí)大腦。增強(qiáng)研發(fā)活動(dòng)意味著人們總會(huì)進(jìn)入網(wǎng)絡(luò)并交流，所以我們將城市們密集、開(kāi)放、可滲透化與混合。每棟建筑都是一個(gè)進(jìn)行邀約、結(jié)構(gòu)和畫(huà)面交互的裝置。因此未來(lái)建筑師的主要任務(wù)是進(jìn)行交流傳播的設(shè)計(jì)。與之同時(shí)的勞動(dòng)分工專業(yè)化將持續(xù)，建筑師將主要控制布局，美學(xué)節(jié)點(diǎn)，建筑符號(hào)，同時(shí)將技術(shù)元素進(jìn)行分配，包括工程師、程序員與承包商。
If the core competency of architects is to translate the life process of an institution into space and form, and to make sure that the final product communicates as expected, architecture must develop a more sophisticated account of the built environment as a system of signification. For that, we need to upgrade the discipline’s intellectual capacity. Architectural theory will need greater rigor, like that found in economics or the social sciences, and it will need to flow more directly into the work of the practicing architect.
如果建筑師的核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力是將生命的進(jìn)程轉(zhuǎn)換成空間和形式的研究，并確保最終產(chǎn)品如期待那樣進(jìn)行交互，建筑架構(gòu)必須發(fā)展出一系列的更為精細(xì)的建成環(huán)境作為信號(hào)的系統(tǒng)。為此我們需要升級(jí)學(xué)科的智能容量。建筑理論將會(huì)更加的嚴(yán)格，像是在經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)或是社會(huì)科學(xué)中那樣，建筑理論將會(huì)更為直接的流入和指導(dǎo)實(shí)踐的建筑師作品。
We will also see a greater role for artificial intelligence in the creation and operation of the built environment, and the emergence of responsive environments—intelligent buildings that can signal dynamically what is going on within. This expands the communicative potential of architecture, and also feeds hard data back into an enhanced disciplinary discourse. That will challenge a purely intuitive architectural approach. Architects need to keep pace with advances in knowledge; otherwise, they will lose responsibility. If the discipline of architecture is successfully upgraded, I foresee a growing demand for architectural skills, as design contributes an ever-greater part of a building’s value.
在創(chuàng)建和操作的建成環(huán)境中，我們也會(huì)看到人工智能將會(huì)起到更大的作用，對(duì)交互式環(huán)境的涌現(xiàn)，也將看到帶有動(dòng)態(tài)信號(hào)的智能建筑。 這種趨勢(shì)擴(kuò)展了交互式建筑的發(fā)展?jié)撃?，并?duì)強(qiáng)化的學(xué)科論述提供了硬數(shù)據(jù)反哺。那將是對(duì)純直覺(jué)建筑設(shè)計(jì)方法的挑戰(zhàn)。建筑師需要跟上知識(shí)的進(jìn)步，否則會(huì)丟掉責(zé)任。如果建筑學(xué)成功升級(jí)，我預(yù)見(jiàn)到對(duì)建筑技能的需求將會(huì)大量增長(zhǎng)，建筑設(shè)計(jì)將會(huì)對(duì)建筑物的價(jià)值具備前所未有的貢獻(xiàn)。
Patrik Schumacher
Principal?
Dr Phil, Dipl Ing, ARB, RIBA
Profile:
Patrik has been with our practice since 1988. He is a company director and our Senior Designer, involved alongside Zaha Hadid herself in all projects we undertake. He maintains an active role in the ?development throughout the design phases.
Education:
Patrik studied architecture at the University of Stuttgart and at the Southbank University in London. He completed his architectural diploma and received his degree Dipl Ing from Stuttgart University in 1990. He also studied philosophy at Bonn and London Universities. In 1999, he received his PhD at the Institute for Cultural Sciences at the University of Klagenfurt.
Teaching:
Patrik Schumacher has been teaching at various architectural schools in Britain, Continental Europe and the USA since 1992 and a co-director of the Design Research Laboratory at the Architectural Association School of Architecture since 1996. He has co-taught a series of post-graduate option studios with Zaha Hadid at the University of Illinois at Chicago, Columbia University and at the Graduate School of Design at Harvard University. Currently he is tenured Professor at Innsbruck University and his contribution to the discourse of contemporary architecture is also evident in his published works.
ZHA projects:
His completed projects include the MAXXI Centre of Contemporary Art and Architecture, Rome, which won the Stirling prize in 2010 and one of the practice’s first completed constructions, the Vitra Fire Station (1992). He is currently involved in several master plan projects, including Kartal Pendik in Istanbul and Singapore One North.
建筑師背景：
帕特里克?舒馬赫是扎哈的合伙人，據(jù)稱他是領(lǐng)軍參數(shù)化主義的探索和積極實(shí)踐者,他不僅是扎哈.哈迪德建筑設(shè)計(jì)事務(wù)所的總設(shè)計(jì)師,同時(shí)執(zhí)教于英國(guó)建筑聯(lián)盟AA。
參數(shù)化主義是一種嶄新的建筑設(shè)計(jì)風(fēng)格。Schumacher對(duì)此做了理念和實(shí)踐兩個(gè)方向的詮釋。
當(dāng)現(xiàn)代主義在當(dāng)今建筑設(shè)計(jì)領(lǐng)域，長(zhǎng)期占據(jù)主流的時(shí)候，參數(shù)化主義革命性的誕生，其意義深遠(yuǎn)，不在于新的設(shè)計(jì)手段的運(yùn)用，也不在于前衛(wèi)的外形，而是在更深層面，對(duì)傳統(tǒng)建筑設(shè)計(jì)觀的顛覆。它的崛起，根本上是以社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)生活形態(tài)的巨變作為歷史條件。
但是重技術(shù)的傾向決定了這只是建筑設(shè)計(jì)領(lǐng)域的一種流派。其酷炫的外表下，往往含著一顆脆弱的心。扎哈在日本奧體中心、廣州歌劇院等項(xiàng)目的失敗，表明了建筑設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)該考慮的因素是極其龐雜的，其核心在于人是萬(wàn)物的尺度，這個(gè)原則亙古未變。千奇百怪的建筑或許可以閃現(xiàn)，但樸素之美和低技環(huán)保的小建筑，仍然會(huì)長(zhǎng)久地與環(huán)境融為一體——比如中國(guó)的院子。
